A Treebank-based Investigation of IPP-triggering Verbs in Dutch

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Figure 2: Representation of the expression “energy-using products” respectively in English, Italian and French. As observed, the heads in the sub-trees are the same, despite their positions in the three sentences. EN: The exchange of information on environmental life cycle performance and on the achievements of design solutions should be facilitated. IT: Dovrebbero essere agevolati uno scambio di informazioni sull’analisi della prestazione ambientale del ciclo di vita e sulle realizzazioni di soluzioni di progettazione. (should be facilitated an exchange of information on the analysis of the environmental life cycle perfomance and on the achievements of design solutions.) Even the cases of passivisation–depassivisation, due to the information encoded in the TUT format on the function of verbal arguments, may receive an alignment link: if lexical match is set in the first phase between the two verbs involved, the relational labels of their respective arguments (eg. [VERB-SUBJ] for the subject of the active form, and [VERB-OBJ/VERB-SUBJ] for the surface object of the passive form) were checked, and argument nodes are aligned. These are all cases that show how and when linguistic knowledge and the linguistic information provided by the processing tools could manage to deal with systematic differences between two languages and with translation divergences. 5 Conclusion and future work This paper aims to present a study for the design and development of a tool for the alignment of parallel data that exploits the linguistic information (especially on morpho-syntactic and relational level) explicitly annotated in a treebank. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of such information to overcome the limitations of alignment tools which are not linguistically motivated in 178
the treatment of typical translational divergences, or shifts. We described in what terms linguistic insights (such as the knowledge of some systematic differences between the language pairs involved), and the choice to use a representation format that focuses on the dependency relations and the predicative structure allows us to deal with some of these shifts by applying simple rules. Other aspects, however, are yet to be fully explored (although partially in progress for the time being), such as the creation of a reference alignment corpus, a systematic evaluation of the overall system and a comparison with the state-of-the-art tools, and the extension of the treebank to other text types in order to obtain a more balanced corpus on one hand, and to verify whether and to what extent the translation shifts classification here proposed, as well as the rules originally conceived for their automatic alignment are still valid and appropriately implemented. References [1] Catford, John C. (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation: An Essay on Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [2] Cettolo, Mauro, Ghirardi, Federico and Federico Marcello (2012) WIT3: A Web Inventory of Transcribed Talks. In Proceedings of the 16th EAMT Conference, Trento, Italy. [3] Cyrus, Lea (2006) Building a Resource for Studying Translation Shifts. In Proceedings of Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC’06), Genova, Italy. [4] Cyrus, Lea (2009) Old concepts, new ideas: approaches to translation shifts. In MonTI. Monografías de Traducción e Interpretación., N. 1 (2009). [5] Dyvik, Helge, Meurer, Paul, Rosén, Victoria and De Smedt, Koenraad (2009) Linguistically Motivated Parallel Parsebanks. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT8), Milan, Italy. [6] Graça, João , Pardal, Joana Paolo, Coheur, Luísa and Caseiro, Diamantino (2008) Building a golden collection of multi-language word alignment. In Proceedings of Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’08), Marrakech, Morocco. [7] Hudson, Richard (1984) Word Grammar. Oxford: Blackwell. [8] Lambert, Patrik, de Gispert, Adrià, Banchs, Rafael E. and Mariño, José B. (2005) Guidelines for word alignment evaluation and manual alignment. In Language Resources and Evaluation, December 2005, Volume 39, Issue 4. 179
Page 1 and 2:
A Treebank-based Investigation of I
Page 3 and 4:
participle and a (te-)infinitival c
Page 5 and 6:
Some verbs occur twice, since they
Page 7 and 8:
Profiling Feature Selection for Nam
Page 9 and 10:
prepositional objects (FOPP, OPP).
Page 11 and 12:
the limited size of annotated data
Page 13 and 14:
with high precision typically have
Page 15 and 16:
‘This was “not significantly”
Page 17 and 18:
The preposition durch typically has
Page 19 and 20:
Non-Projective Structures in Indian
Page 21 and 22:
the sequential order of nodes in a
Page 23 and 24:
extra-posed relative clause that ge
Page 25 and 26:
Experiments on Dependency Parsing o
Page 27 and 28:
for mitigating the effects of spars
Page 29 and 30:
obtained with MALTParser is 76.61%
Page 31 and 32:
as a standardised serialisation for
Page 33 and 34:
constituency and dependency, possib
Page 35 and 36:
SynAF and/or in . However, they sha
Page 37 and 38:
shows how some elements that are no
Page 39 and 40:
Example
Page 41 and 42:
‏ Example 8: represent
Page 43 and 44:

Page 45 and 46:
Chinese) as the direct object NP.
Page 47 and 48:
Example 15: Tokens and Word Forms
Page 49 and 50:
In a second experiment, a dataset w
Page 51 and 52:

Page 53 and 54:
[3] Leech G. N., Barnett, R. & Kahr
Page 55 and 56:
Effectively long-distance dependenc
Page 57 and 58:
In French, another case of eLDD is
Page 59 and 60:
elativization, it-clefts or questio
Page 61 and 62:
4.2.3 Annotation methodology Becaus
Page 63 and 64:
Number of occurrences in FTB +SEQTB
Page 65 and 66:
producing treebank based LFG approx
Page 67 and 68:
Logical Form Representation for Lin
Page 69 and 70:
gerundives for a total amount of so
Page 71 and 72:
object+indirect object/object one.
Page 73 and 74:
(VP (VB patch) ) ) ) (VP (VBZ is) (
Page 75 and 76:
Types Adverb. Adject. Verbs Nouns T
Page 77 and 78:
Eventually we may comment that ther
Page 79 and 80:
DeepBank: A Dynamically Annotated T
Page 81 and 82:
from another already existing one,
Page 83 and 84:
to parse now does. The extra manual
Page 85 and 86:
In the derivation show in Figure 1,
Page 87 and 88:
4 Patching Coverage Gaps with An Ap
Page 89 and 90:
will enable further improvements in
Page 91 and 92:
ParDeepBank: Multiple Parallel Deep
Page 93 and 94:
2 The ParDeepBank The PTB has emerg
Page 95 and 96:
undergone extensive scientific scru
Page 97 and 98:
the second combines the structures
Page 99 and 100:
Sofia University). Each sentence wa
Page 101 and 102:
data, and improvements in the infra
Page 103 and 104:
The Effect of Treebank Annotation G
Page 105 and 106:
ut without feature structures. This
Page 107 and 108:
only the lexicon is fine-grained to
Page 109 and 110:
Automatic Coreference Annotation in
Page 111 and 112:
manually annotated Czech sentences.
Page 113 and 114:
citizens of Bilbao] are very involv
Page 115 and 116:
4.1.3 Coreference Selector Module T
Page 117 and 118:
Nominal P R F1 MUC 75.33% 81.33% 78
Page 119 and 120:
[9] G. Doddington, A. Mitchell, M.
Page 121 and 122: Analyzing the Most Common Errors in
Page 123 and 124: Graph 1 shows results of subsequent
Page 125 and 126: in the semantic type). This situati
Page 127 and 128: Will a Parser Overtake Achilles? Fi
Page 129 and 130: annotation is also based on a depen
Page 131 and 132: Set Name Sentences Tokens % Train/T
Page 133 and 134: dency relations (PRED, OBJ, SBJ, AD
Page 135 and 136: ton and Stacklazy), we trained a mo
Page 137 and 138: Feature Function Column Name Addres
Page 139 and 140: Using Parallel Treebanks for Machin
Page 141 and 142: phrases are generated by a shallow
Page 143 and 144: Figure 2: A Kybot p
Page 145 and 146: SUJ NP SENT MOD PP NP PP PP NP NP P
Page 147 and 148: Checkpoint Instances Google PT Our
Page 149 and 150: 6 Conclusions In this paper we have
Page 151 and 152: An integrated web-based treebank an
Page 153 and 154: 16] and we have earlier reported fr
Page 155 and 156: Figure 2: Screenshot of the interfa
Page 157 and 158: ple subcategorization frames may be
Page 159 and 160: 4 Integrated interface for annotati
Page 161 and 162: of the 5th International Conference
Page 163 and 164: Translational divergences and their
Page 165 and 166: posed so far, Cyrus’ work did not
Page 167 and 168: allowed an appropriate coverage of
Page 169 and 170: damentales [...] 10 (the universal
Page 171: for all lex_pair(s,t) do if head an
Page 175 and 176: Building a treebank of noisy user-g
Page 177 and 178: Phenomenon Attested example Std. co
Page 179 and 180: Figure 1: French Social Media Bank
Page 181 and 182: Impact of treebank characteristics
Page 183 and 184: Det Adj N (a) Danish Det Adj N (b)
Page 185 and 186: sv: Bestämmelserna i detta avtal f
Page 187 and 188: 100 90 80 Unlabelled attachment 70
Page 189 and 190: vidner , tilhørere og tiltalte wit
Page 191 and 192: mance is not inconsiderable, as was
Page 193 and 194: Genitives in Hindi Treebank: An Att
Page 195 and 196: A genitive can occur with complex p
Page 197 and 198: quite high. This motivates us towar
show all

A Treebank-based Investigation of IPP-triggering Verbs in Dutch

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?