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19 th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology P6-5 Development of a Two-Pixel Integrated Heterodyne Schottky Diode Receiver at 183GHz Hui Wang 1 , Alain Maestrini 3&1 , Bertrand Thomas 2 , Gérard Beaudin 1 1 Observatoire de Paris, LERMA, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France. 2 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK. 3 Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, LISIF, 75005 Paris, France. Abstract—in planetary and atmospheric sciences large arrays of millimetre wave heterodyne receivers can offer higher mapping speed and mapping consistency while avoiding the use of cryogenic receivers. To reduce the size, the weight and the power consumption of a multi-pixel receiver it is necessary to optimize the interface between the mixers and the local oscillator unit. One solution consists in integrating in the same mechanical block a frequency multiplier and one or several mixers to create a compact subarray. In this context, this paper will describe the design of a two-pixel Schottky diodebased heterodyne receiver working at 183GHz. The receiver is the integration of two 183GHz subharmonic mixers and a frequency tripler into the same mechanical block. A Y junction divider is used to split the power produced by the frequency multiplier. The mixer and the tripler chips were both optimized independently for two stand-alone circuits. The chips have been fabricated using the standard BES process of United Monolithic Semiconductors (UMS) in the frame of a contract with CNES and ESA. The integrated twopixel receiver is expected to work in the band 170-195 GHz with a double side band (DSB) conversion gain greater than -5.5dB when pumped with less than 50mW of input power at 30GHz. A minimum DSB conversion gain of -4.5dB at 183 GHz is expected. The design was performed at the Laboratoire d’Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris in collaboration with the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. It was supported by the Centre National d’Études Spatiales, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and AB Millimetre. Fig. On-wafer photograph of the 90GHz tripler (left) and 3D model of the prototype of two-pixel integrated Schottky diodes receiver (right). 134
19 th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology P7-1 UTC-PD Integration for Submillimetre-wave Generation Biddut Banik, Josip Vukusic, Hans Hjelmgren, Henrik Sunnerud, Andreas Wiberg and Jan Stake Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology; SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden (e-mail: biddut.banik@chalmers.se). Abstract: Because of the inherent difficulty to generate power in the frequency range 0.l-10 THz, the term ‘THz-gap’ has been coined. Among a number of MW/THz generation techniques, the photomixer based sources hold high potential offering wide tunability and decent amounts of output power. The photomixing technique relies on the nonlinear mixing of two closely spaced laser wavelengths generating a beat oscillation at the difference frequency. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the Uni-Travelling-Carrier PhotoDiode (UTC-PD) [1] for photomixing, photo receivers, MW/THz-wave generation, fibre-optic communication systems, and wireless communications. UTC-PDs have become very promising by demonstrating output powers of 20 mW at 100 GHz [1] and 25 µW at 0.9 THz [2]. Our ongoing research work concentrates on extending the previously accomplished UTC-PD fabrication and modelling techniques to ~300 GHz and above. We have already fabricated and characterised UTC-PDs intended for millimetre-wave generation. Several integrated antenna-detector circuits have been designed and characterised. Fig.1 (a) shows the SEM of a fabricated UTC-PD. Furthermore, in order to understand the device behaviour and its dependence on various factors, we have developed an accurate device model [3] implementing hydrodynamic transport model. The model has also enabled us to design and optimise the device for any specific application and target frequency [4]. Fig. 1. (a) SEM of a fabricated UTC-PD (b) antenna integrated UTC-PDs, and (c) waveguide integrated UTC-PDs. The current research-focus encompasses different integration approaches, and the construction of various antenna-integrated circuits and waveguide blocks that can be used as millimetre-wave (300 GHz and above) generator for local-oscillator and free-space applications. Fig. 1 (b-c) shows several antenna integrated UTC-PDs and an example of the waveguide integrated UTC-PD. The designs of those blocks and integrated circuits, their fabrication and characterisation results will be presented. References: [1] H. Ito, T. Nagatsuma, A. Hirata, T. Minotani, A. Sasaki, Y. Hirota, and T. Ishibashi, "High-power photonic millimetre wave generation at 100 GHz using matching-circuit-integrated uni-travelling-carrier photodiodes," Optoelectronics, IEE Proceedings, vol. 150, pp. 138-142, 2003. [2] C. C. Renaud, M. Robertson, D. Rogers, R. Firth, P. J. Cannard, R. Moore, and A. J. Seeds, "A high responsivity, broadband waveguide uni-travelling carrier photodiode," Proceedings of the SPIE, vol. 6194, pp. 61940C, 2006. [3] S. M. M. Rahman, H. Hjelmgren, J. Vukusic, J. Stake, P. Andrekson, and H. Zirath, "Hydrodynamic simulations of uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 43, pp. 1088-1094, 2007. [4] Biddut Banik, Josip Vukusic, Hans Hjelmgren, and Jan Stake, “Optimization of the UTC-PD Epitaxy for Photomixing at 340 GHz”, submitted to IEEE Electron Device Letters. 135
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