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19 th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology 5-1 Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors for Far Infrared Astronomy S. Doyle [1], P. D. Mauskopf [1], P. Ade [1], C. Dunscombe [1], A. Porch [2], J. Naylon [2], S. Withington [3], D. Goldie[3] D. Glowacka [3], J. J. A. Baselmans [4], S. J. C. Yates [4], H. F.C. Hoevers [4] [1] School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen’s Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK, Tel: +44 2920876774, E-mail: simon.doyle@astro.cf.ac.uk [2] Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen’s Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK [3] SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584CA Utrecht, The Netherlands [4] Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, J. J. Thomson avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK Tel: +44 1223337393, E-mail: s.withington@mrao.cam.ac.uk Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) are superconducting microwave resonators designed to measure the change in the complex surface impedance of a superconducting film upon photon absorption. Photons with energy (hν) greater than the binding energy of a Cooper pair (2Δ), if absorbed, will break Cooper pairs in the film causing an increase in quasi-particle density along with an increased kinetic inductance. The result of this event is to vary the amplitude and frequency of the MKID resonance. Traditionally MKIDs resonators have been realized as quarter or half-wave distributed resonators capacitively coupled to a microwave feedline. This arrangement requires photons to be coupled into the resonator with the use of antennas or quasi-particle traps. In this paper we present a FIR detector based on a lumped element geometry - the Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detector (LEKID). This device has the advantage of acting as a free space absorber as well as being the detecting element and so no longer requires an optical coupling element. The LEKID also has the advantage of being far smaller than its distributed counterpart making it more suitable for use in large format compact arrays. We describe the optimization of lumped element resonators for high coupling efficiency to incoming radiation in the wavelength region of 200 μm – 450μm. We also present measurements of electrical and optical properties of these devices and the design for a prototype multifrequency submm camera using these detectors. 46
19 th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology 5-2 1: Title Antenna coupled Kinetic Inductance Detectors for space based sub-mm astronomy 2: authors S. J. C. Yates SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584CA Utrecht, The Netherlands Tel: +31 30 2538581 Fax: +31 30 2540860, E-mail: S.Yates@sron.nl J. J. A. Baselmans SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584CA Utrecht, The Netherlands Tel: +31 30 2538580 Fax: +31 30 2540860, E-mail: J.Baselmans@sron.nl Rami Barends Y.J.Y. Lankwarden Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands Tel: +31 15 2787163 Fax: +31 30 2540860, R.Barends@TNW.TUDelft.nl SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584CA Utrecht, The Netherlands Tel: +31 30 2538561 Fax: +31 30 2540860, E-mail: Y.J.Y.Lankwarden@sron.nl H. F.C. Hoevers SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584CA Utrecht, The Netherlands Tel: +31 30 2535676 Fax: +31 30 2540860, E-mail: H.F.C.Hoevers@sron.nl J.R. Gao T.M. Klapwijk SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584CA Utrecht, The Netherlands Tel: +31 30 2538594 Fax: +31 30 2540860, E-mail: J.R.Gao@TNW.TUDelft.nl Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 15 2785926 Fax: +31 30 2540860, E-mail T.M.Klapwijk@TNW.TUDelft.nl A. Neto TNO Defence, Security and Safety, Den Haag, 2597 AK, The Netherlands Tel: +31 703740582, E-mail: andrea.neto@tno.nl D. J. Bekers TNO Defence, Security and Safety, Den Haag, 2597 AK, The Netherlands Tel: +31 703740960, E-mail: dave.bekers@tno.nl G. Gerini TNO Defence, Security and Safety, Den Haag, 2597 AK, The Netherlands Tel: +31 703740581, E-mail: giampiero.gerini@tno.nl S. Doyle School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK Tel: +44 2920876774, E-mail: simon.doyle@astro.cf.ac.uk P. D. Mauskopf School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK Tel: +44 2930876170, E-mail: philip.mauskopf@astro.cf.ac.uk P. Ade School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK Tel: +44 2920874643, E-mail: peter.ade@astro.cf.ac.uk 3: Abstract To achieve background limited detection, future space missions in the far infrared and sub-mm radiation bands will require large arrays (>1000 pixels) of very sensitive detectors. A typical requirement for the noise equivalent power is 10^-19 W/Hz^0.5 for a Fourier Transform Spectrometer, which is 100 to 1000 times more sensitive than the state of the art such as on HERSCHEL. Such low NEP is a significant technical challenge, both to achieve for the detectors and to demonstrate in the laboratory. Kinetic inductance detectors can theoretically achieve this performance and have significant advantages over other types of detectors, for example are well adapted to frequency domain multiplexing. We present antenna coupled kinetic inductance detectors, showing the loaded optical NEP measured with a well controlled narrow band black body radiation source. We will also discuss the optimization route required to reach the requirements for future missions, including the optical testing requirements. 47
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