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List of Figures<br />

1.1 The electromagnetic window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2<br />

1.2 Spectrum of the extragalactic CXB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7<br />

1.3 Schematic spectrum of a Type-1 AGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12<br />

1.4 Schematic diagram of the unified model of AGN . . . . . . . . . . 20<br />

1.5 Light path on a Wolter-1 X-ray telescope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25<br />

1.6 Payload of the XMM-Newton observatory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />

1.7 Lightpath of the XMM-Newton telescopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />

2.1 Examples of identified XMS sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49<br />

3.1 Sky area of the AXIS survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57<br />

3.2 N(>S) 0.5-2 keV and 2-10 keV best fits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63<br />

3.3 N(>S) 0.5-4.5 keV and 4.5-7.5 keV best fits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64<br />

3.4 dN(S)/dSdΩ and best fit ratio in Soft and hard bands . . . . . . . 67<br />

3.5 dN(S)/dSdΩ and best fit ratio in XID and Ultrahard bands . . . . 68<br />

3.6 N(>S) for two HR selected Soft subsamples . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71<br />

3.7 Relative contribution to the total CXB intensity . . . . . . . . . . . 76<br />

4.1 w(θ) of AXIS in the 0.5-2 keV and 2-10 keV bands . . . . . . . . . 88<br />

4.2 w(θ) of AXIS in the 0.5-4.5 keV and 4.5-7.5 keV bands . . . . . . . 89<br />

4.3 1 − P µ (N θ ) versus θ for the Soft and Hard samples . . . . . . . . . 93<br />

4.4 1 − P µ (N θ ) versus θ for the XID and Ultrahard samples . . . . . . 94<br />

4.5 Correlation tests for a Soft/3 sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96<br />

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