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CHAPTER 2: AGN SURVEYS WITH XMM-Newton erage of ∼25 deg 2 . The sample contains 67 sources that have been used to complement the AXIS and XMS samples in the ultrahard band. All of these sources but two have been spectroscopically identified, as reported in [48], with 62 of them being AGN. Along with the redshifts, information on the intrinsic absorption column densities are also provided in [48] which allow us to model the absorption of these hard sources (most of them are likely to be type-2 AGN) and convolve it with the X-ray luminosity function in order to obtain a purely observation-based evolution model for these objects (see section 5.2). 2.3.5 ROSAT International X-ray/Optical Survey The ROSAT International X-ray/Optical Survey (RIXOS, [147]) is a medium sensitivity survey of high galactic latitude sources. The sample contains 401 sources divided in two subsamples: 64 ROSAT fields with 296 sources down to a flux limit of 3 × 10 −14 erg cm −2 s −1 (known as RIXOS3), plus 18 further fields containing 105 sources down to a flux limit of 8 × 10 −14 erg cm −2 s −1 in the 0.5-2 keV (RIXOS8). RIXOS3 covers 15.77 deg 2 in the sky while RIXOS8 covers 4.44 deg 2 , to a total survey area of ∼20.2 deg 2 . The RIXOS3 subsample has been spectroscopically identified in a 94%, and the RIXOS8 subsample has been completely identified which makes the full sample ideal for evolution studies in the soft band. 2.3.6 ROSAT Deep Survey - Lockman Hole The ROSAT Deep Survey (RDS, [102]) collects all the observations performed by ROSAT in the period 1990-1997 in the direction of the Lockman Hole, which is one of the areas of the sky with a minimum of the Galactic Hydrogen column density ([138]). This sample comprises 50 sources down to a flux limit of 5.5 × 10 −15 erg cm −2 s −1 in the 0.5-2 keV band, with an sky coverage of about ∼0.3 deg 2 . All but four of the 50 sources that compose the RDS have been spectroscopically identified ([204]), the vast majority of them being AGN. This deep pencil-beam sample ideally complements the XMS soft sample and hence it has been used in the calculations done in Chapter 5. 52
CHAPTER 2: AGN SURVEYS WITH XMM-Newton 2.3.7 ROSAT Bright Survey The ROSAT Bright Survey (RBS, [70], [207]) aimed to identify the brightest ∼2000 sources detected in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS, [232]) at high galactic latitudes, excluding the Magellanic Clouds and the Virgo cluster, with PSPC count rates above 0.2 s −1 . This sample cointains bright sources (flux limit ∼ 2.5 × 10 −12 erg cm −2 s −1 in the 0.5-2 keV band) with redshifts mainly below 1 and a total sky coverage of ∼20300 deg 2 . We have selected a subsample of ∼600 objects that have been completely identified via spectroscopic observations, most of them being AGN, plus a strong population of galaxy clusters. 53
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Universidad de Cantabria Departamen
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explicar las altas luminosidades de
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Además, una importante fracción (
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ealizar estudios de espectroscopía
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distribución diferencial que, al e
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materia sobre el agujero negro cent
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analizadas proviene de fuentes en t
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Haciendo uso del segundo catálogo
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Un capítulo aparte merecen mis com
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Summary Since its discovery more th
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xxxiv
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CONTENTS 1.6.1 The K-correction . .
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CONTENTS 5.3.2 Analytical model . .
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LIST OF FIGURES 4.6 Soft 1 − P µ
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CHAPTER 4: CLUSTERING OF AXIS AND X
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Chapter 5 Luminosity function of XM
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CHAPTER 5: LUMINOSITY FUNCTION OF X
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CHAPTER 6: SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS s
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CHAPTER 6: SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS F
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Appendix A Sensitivity maps The val
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APPENDIX A: SENSITIVITY MAPS clearl
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REFERENCES [16] Barger, A. J., Cowi
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REFERENCES [61] Ehle, M., Breitfell
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REFERENCES [107] Hawkins, M. R. S.
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REFERENCES [190] Richstone, D., Ahj
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REFERENCES [236] Wisotzky, L., 1998
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