Australian Maritime Issues 2007 - Royal Australian Navy

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Introduction The Synnot Lecture series is named in honour of Admiral Sir Anthony Synnot, KBE AO RAN. Admiral Synnot was one of the most highly respected officers ever to serve in the Australian Defence Force (ADF). Over the course of an extensive career at sea and ashore, Admiral Synnot made a significant contribution to the development of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and to the ADF. During the course of his career, he demonstrated three attributes: the absolute requirement for a core of professionalism of the highest standards as the centre of an effective navy; the importance of every individual in achieving the aim; and the dependence of the whole upon personal example and leadership from command. Some of the senior appointments he held included Captain of the Navy and then Chief of Naval Staff of the Royal Malaysian Navy (1962-65), Chief of Naval Staff (1976-79), and Chief of Defence Force Staff (1979-82). He passed away on 4 July 2001. During his tenure as Chief of Naval Staff, he devoted considerable energy to a cause that was eventually lost: the quest for a replacement for the aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne and the renewal of the fixed wing Fleet Air Arm. While the government’s decision, after his retirement, to not replace Melbourne was one of his most bitter disappointments, his legacy was the way in which senior officers who served closely with and under him set about reorientating the RAN to remain a credible maritime force. This came about through his approach to planning and staff work, where he engendered within the RAN and amongst its leadership an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the decision-making process within government; and just as important, the requirement for a balanced fleet; so that the RAN has a sufficient mix of capabilities to deal with the unexpected, and to present government with real options. With his courteous, patient and thoughtful approach, he also did much to evolve the Office of the Chief of Defence Force Staff. Additional information on the career of Admiral Synnot can be found in David Shackleton. ‘A tribute to Admiral Sir Anthony Synnot, KBE, AO, RAN’, Journal of the Australian Naval Institute, Spring 2001, pp. 5-9; and Gregory P. Gilbert, ‘Synnot, Anthony Monckton (1922-2001)’ in Gregory P. Gilbert (ed), Australian Naval Personalities: Live from the Australian Dictionary of Biography, Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs, No. 17, Sea Power Centre – Australia, Canberra, 2006, pp. 191-193. The RAN conducts the lecture series annually. The most recent series were conducted over the period 23 July to 3 August 2007. Dr Gary Weir, Chief Historian of the United States National Geospatial Intelligence Agency gave a number of presentations in Sydney, Canberra, Wollongong, Jervis Bay and Adelaide, and two of these presentations are included in this publication.
76 AUSTRALIAN MARITIME ISSUES 2007: SPC-A ANNUAL The Sound Surveillance System, or SOSUS, consists of bottom mounted hydrophone arrays connected by undersea communication cables to facilities on shore. The hydrophone arrays are located within the SOFAR, or deep sound channel, along the continental slope and seamounts, and therefore this system can detect even relatively quiet sounds over hundreds of kilometres. 1 This is a typical Lofargram, in which frequency is portrayed along the horizontal axis and time along the vertical axis. The presence of spectral energy is indicated by a darkening of the paper. In this representation, a long, narrow, vertical line indicates a persistent narrowband component centered on a single frequency – perhaps a ‘tonal’ caused by rotating machinery – along the bearing line of interest. Wider gray areas result from broadband noise sources or the ambient background. 2
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