Australian Maritime Issues 2007 - Royal Australian Navy

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AMPHIBIOUS SHIPs 221 Cutaway design (Tenix) Specifications for the Canberra class LHD Complement 243 (36 additional) Embarked Forces 978 (146 additional) Accommodation 1403 Length overall 230.8 metres Maximum beam 32 metres Full load displacement 27851 tonnes Full load 7.18 metres Maximum speed 20.5 knots Range 8000 nm at 15 kt 9250 nm at 12 kt Propulsion type Electric drive Pods 2 x 11 MW Power source Combined diesel and gas turbine (CODAG) Gas turbines 1 x GE LM 2500 (17.4 MW) Diesel engines 2 x 7.2 MW diesels Vehicle capacity 830 lane metres (3290 m2) Heavy vehicle deck: 1410 m2 Light vehicle deck: 1889 m2 Helo hanger capacity: 990 m2 Can conduct landing craft operations in Sea State 4 Aviation 8 x MRH90/Tiger ARH Can operate Chinook Helicopters Medical Capacity 2 operating theatres high/medium/low dependency Each of the Canberra class will be able to transport and support up to 1000 embarked forces, some of which can be landed ashore via a mix of embarked watercraft and aircraft, to conduct operations. Others will remain onboard the LHD providing command, aviation, medical and logistic support. The mix of those deployed ashore and remaining onboard will vary, depending on the circumstances. Each ship will carry landing craft that are transported in a well-dock, which can be flooded when they are required. The ship ballasts down to flood the well-dock, allowing the watercraft to float and extract from the dock. This can be done while underway and in conditions up to Sea State 4 – a significant increase on the RAN’s current capability. The LHDs will also have six helicopter spots on a large flight deck that can support a range of helicopters. The ability to base aviation facilities afloat is a particular benefit, as it removes the need for maintenance, support facilities and personnel ashore, and allows the airbase to move to wherever it is required. Of course, the introduction of the LHDs will bring significant challenges to the ADF. Without a dedicated marine force, such as the United Kingdom (UK) Royal Marines or United States (US) Marine Corps, the Australian Army will provide the landing force transported by the LHDs. The Army has a core of amphibious experience; however,
222 AUSTRALIAN MARITIME ISSUES 2007: SPC-A ANNUAL the LHDs represent a quantum leap in capability, and one that the ADF must understand fully to maximise their potential. To that end, an RAN-Army ‘Joint Amphibious Capability Implementation Team’ (JACIT) was established in September 2006 to identify and resolve issues associated with introducing this capability into the ADF. The Chief of Navy is the capability manager for the LHD, but the JACIT is responsive to a wide range of stakeholders involved in delivering ADF amphibious capability. Work is also underway to identify the necessary port infrastructure required to support LHD operations, in their home port (Sydney), primary ports of Darwin and Townsville, and secondary ports of Brisbane, Gladstone and Adelaide, where they might be expected to operate in support of Army. The LHDs will be significant national assets. While they will be capable of operating at the high-end of the conflict spectrum, their capabilities and inherent flexibility mean the ships can be used in a wide range of tasks in support of Australia’s national interests. They will prove to be incredibly useful in a wide range of military, diplomatic and constabulary operations, and will form the backbone of the ADF’s ability to deploy to meet the requirements of the Australian Government. Published as Semaphore Issue 14, 2007 Notes 1 The ‘Strategic Projection Ship’ is the term used by the Spanish and highlights the flexibility inherent in the design. 2 See Hugh White, ‘Big ships: too costly, too cumbersome’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 12 July 2004. For the contra argument, see B. McLennan and G.P. Gilbert, ‘Amphibious ships – Bigger is better’, Quadrant, September 2006, pp. 52-59. 3 Department of Defence, Australia’s National Security: A Defence Update 2007, Defence Publishing Service, Canberra, 2007, p. 29. 4 Importantly, even most ADF operations on the Australian mainland will require forces to be deployed by sea. 5 Royal Australian Navy, Australian Maritime Doctrine, Defence Publishing Service, Canberra, 2005, pp. 49-51. These attributes are mobility in mass, readiness, access, flexibility, adaptability, reach, poise and persistence, and resilience. 6 Royal Australian Navy, Australian Maritime Doctrine, pp. 49-51. 7 See Brett Mitchell, ‘Disaster relief – Cyclone Tracy and Tasman Bridge’ in G.P. Gilbert and R. Davitt, Australian Maritime Issues 2005: SPC-A Annual, Sea Power Centre – Australia, Canberra, 2005, pp. 89-94.
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