Golden Alga Workshop Summary Report - Texas Parks & Wildlife ...

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Problem in identifying what regulates toxins: Conflicting evidence: • Toxin mixtures make it difficult to extract what is influence what toxin component • Detection of toxins (except for hymolysins) difficult • Structures of toxins (prymnesins 1 & 2, difficult to resolve) • Conditions for toxin production also confusing •obligate need for a dark cycle • nutrients and their interactions •conflicting temperature/salinity evidence •fish stimulated production PWD RP T3200-1203
How easily can they be identified from field samples? PWD RP T3200-1203
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Golden Alga (Prymnesium parvum) Wor
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Golden Alga Workshop Agenda October
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Golden Alga Workshop Table of Conte
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Golden Alga Workshop Background Inf
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The TPWD “GOLD” Team Technical
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While There Is Much We Do Not Know
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Detection Early Simple Basic Resear
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Historical Review of Golden Alga (P
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Prymnesium parvum PWD RP T3200-1203
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Prymnesium parvum in Texas: 28 eve
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Five Texas River Basins Impacted C
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Number and Value of Fish Killed 198
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1 1 5 5 6 6 14 13 15 12 14 13 15 12
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Month Golden Alga Fish Kills Began
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Number of Fish Killed Brazos Basin
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We Want to Solve the Problem Factor
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What We Have Done - continued Repor
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Special Thanks To The Following: We
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Overview of Texas Hatchery Manageme
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Dundee State Fish Hatchery • Febr
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Dundee State Fish Hatchery • Caus
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TPWD Inland Fisheries P. parvum Tas
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TPWD Inland Fisheries P. parvum Tas
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Monitoring P. parvum densities •
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Monitoring Toxin Levels • Bioassa
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Monitoring of P. parvum • Needs -
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Physical Treatments Χ Sonication (
Page 55 and 56: Χ X Chemical Treatments Hydrogen p
Page 57 and 58: Treatments - Chemical • Ammonium
Page 59 and 60: Treatments - Chemical • Cutrine
Page 61 and 62: Achievements • Development of hat
Page 63 and 64: TPWD Inland Fisheries P. parvum Tas
Page 65 and 66: Phylogeny, life history, autecology
Page 67 and 68: Overview • morphology - what it l
Page 69 and 70: Morphology of P. parvum haptonema f
Page 71 and 72: Prymnesium species Species Habitat
Page 73 and 74: Haplo-diploid life cycle P. parvum
Page 75 and 76: Life cycle: mating experiment 2n +
Page 77 and 78: Possible life cycle for P. parvum H
Page 79 and 80: Optimum and tolerance for growth Pa
Page 81 and 82: Mixotrophy • P. parvum can ingest
Page 83 and 84: Toxins • proteolipids (Ulizur & S
Page 85 and 86: Occurrence of harmful Typical habit
Page 87 and 88: What can be done? • Establish a m
Page 89 and 90: Prymnesium parvum: An overview and
Page 91 and 92: Presently recognized Prymnesium spe
Page 93 and 94: Bloom History • Within a decade o
Page 95 and 96: PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 97 and 98: Dying Shad - Texas - courtesy of C.
Page 99 and 100: PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 101 and 102: Dead fish at a dam site in Texas -
Page 103 and 104: Fish showing hemmoragic areas from
Page 105: Toxins: (Lethal Cocktail) There is
Page 109 and 110: PWD RP T3200-1203 Body Scales of P.
Page 111 and 112: Fluorescent labeled P. parvum cell
Page 113 and 114: Priorities: Cells: • accurate and
Page 115 and 116: Analysis of Prymnesium parvum bloom
Page 117 and 118: Overview • Questions Identified b
Page 119 and 120: Approach - proposed studies • Syn
Page 121 and 122: Lake Whitney Stations Site P11 Site
Page 123 and 124: 80000 Lake Whitney 2003 P. parvum a
Page 125 and 126: Feb-April 2003 Lake Whitney: surfac
Page 127 and 128: Lake Bioassay Methods • Acclimate
Page 129 and 130: Lake Whitney Bioassay Sites Site P1
Page 131 and 132: Lake Whitney Nutrient Bioassay 4/29
Page 133 and 134: Original Questions • What factors
Page 135 and 136: Next steps? • Continue paired-res
Page 137 and 138: DY III Media Stock Addtions Nutrien
Page 139 and 140: Kill your enemies and eat them: the
Page 141 and 142: 5 µm Killed salmons in aquaculture
Page 143 and 144: When will the first dead bathing gu
Page 145 and 146: PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 147 and 148: Toxicity in Chrysochromulina polyle
Page 149 and 150: HE 50 (10 6 cells ml -1 ) Prymnesiu
Page 151 and 152: Effect of increasing P-deficent P.
Page 153 and 154: Ichthyotoxic species Prymnesin-2 H
Page 155 and 156: ☺ Before PWD RP T3200-1203
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Effect of Prymnesium parvum filtrat
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Skovgaard and Hansen, 2003, L & O,
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Ciliates Flagellates Diatoms cell l
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Low Prymnesium parvum cell numbers
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6 Bacterivory in P. parvum Ingested
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P. parvum phagotrophy (prey ingesti
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% P. parvum feeding cells and lysed
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Skovgaard and Hansen, 2003, L & O,
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Oxyrrhis marina cell lysis in the p
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Ingestion of Oxyrrhis after 2 and 6
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P-deficient P. parvum ingesting blo
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Conclusions •Toxicity is the key
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C. helgolandicus pellets •Picture
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Laboratory Studies on Prymnesium -
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News Release • May 28, 2002 - mas
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Fish Kill at Prewitt Reservoir PWD
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Pelicans putative of transport agen
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Objectives of this Presentation •
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Prymnesium Strains in Culture • U
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Structure of Prymnesium PWD RP T320
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Scales Haptonema PWD RP T3200-1203
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Cyst Formation • A variety of con
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Growth Observations 0n Prymnesium s
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Prymnesium Twin Buttes Lake, Wyomin
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Hemolytic Bioassay Procedures • 5
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Hemolysis Bioassay • Alga Medium
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Mixotrophy Studies • Several phyt
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Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum N
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Adaptive Advantage of Chloroplast E
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10 µm Kathablepharis sp. Courtesy
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Chrysochromulina parva Long, uncoil
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Ingested Chrysochromulina & some ba
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Return to Prewitt • Prymnesium pa
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Prewitt Reservoir Fact • Five day
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Prewitt Reservoir Explanation • P
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Prewitt Mystery Solved? • Campylo
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Future Prymnesium Problems in Wyomi
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Rapid Tests for the Detection of Pr
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Why rRNA probes? * universally foun
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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EUK 1209R CHLO 02 PRYM 02 PELA 01 P
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Change from PFA to ETOH Saline Chan
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Analysis of Alexandrium strains fro
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Harmful Algal Blooms Noctiluca Kare
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Coccolithus pelag
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Application & detection methods for
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Conclusions • Specific probes cou
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1. ChemScanRDI, a laser based syste
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ChemScanRDI combines fluorescent ce
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Electrochemical detection of toxic
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Electrochemical Detection of rRNA f
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Comparison of cell counts with elec
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Long term stability of treated sens
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Development of DNA-microarrays for
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Scheme of a DNA-Chip Experiment Flu
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Monitoring Phytoplankton compositio
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EUK 1209 CHLO01 Localization of the
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Identification of Phytoplankton on
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DNA CHIP Clone librairy Dec 2000 1
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Research Needs • Monitoring of to
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Rapid Tests for the Detection of Ha
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abs. units 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 y =
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Prymnesium parvumRL10 % lysis 100 8
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Allelochemical ef
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Controlling Harmful Algal Blooms Do
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Management of harmful algae • Pre
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Chemical control of freshwater alga
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•This (small) reservoir had a lon
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Chemical flocculants - Phosphorus C
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PWD RP T3200-1203 from: River Scien
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Biological Control - Viruses Aureoc
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Viruses for HAB species Target spec
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Biological Control - Bacterial path
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Biological Control - Grazers Target
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Clay control of HAB species clay mi
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Variable removal ability of domesti
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Source: Sengco et
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Flume studies, WHOI PWD RP T3200-12
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Brevetoxin analysis cell concentrat
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Impacts - Benthic fauna Archambault
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Future directions: Cell removal, se
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When the cells reached exponential
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Conclusions Kalmar Experiments Phos
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Experiments at Woods Hole (in colla
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Recent work in Kalmar (data from J.
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Conclusions - control of Prymnesium
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A review of fish-killing microalgae
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Toxic/harmful microalgae • dinofl
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Fish kills
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Ichthyotoxic species • Karenia br
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FMRI,FWC Exposure routes • gills
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Gymnodinium pulchellum (brevetoxins
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Reef fish disease - Caribbean, Flor
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Diatoms • physical damage to gill
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Aquaculture in Israel and Prymnesiu
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Prymnesium parvum from Israel PWD R
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Prymnesium parvum blooms in Israel
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From Sarig 1971 Prymnesium parvum t
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From Sarig 1971 Mode of toxin actio
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Fish bioassay • dependence of tox
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Relationship # toxin concentration
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From Sarig 1971 Management of Prymn
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Management strategies • prevent b
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How to Use the Past to Plan for the
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How can studies on other harmful al
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Task Force report identified 7 HAB
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A 5-year federal, state, academic,
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ECONOMIC IMPACT In the 1970s, two r
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What is Needed Based on What is Kno
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Golden Alga Workshop Notes: Present
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facilities was a problem in North C
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Korean fisheries are a $1 billion i
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Friday October 24, 2003 Panel Discu
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• Design a sampling program with
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What are your recommendations for i
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• Rapid progress is made where th
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• Maintain a Golden Alga web site
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ChemScanRDI (a laser based system t
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• DNA-microarrays for monitoring
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• Reliable economic statistics fo
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• Be proactive; get messages out
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Golden Alga Workshop Attendees Firs
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Golden Alga Workshop Attendees, con
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Literature Review of the Microalga
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Oued Mellah Reservoir in Morocco oc
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the metal ions Fe, Zn, Mo, Cu or Co
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with the ability to utilize organic
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Figure 1. Prymnesin-1 (1) and Prymn
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Temperature Shilo and Ashner (1953)
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Glycerol Glycerol was found to incr
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since it seems that nitrogen and ph
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(Haptophyta) in semi-continuous cul
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Ulitzer, S. and M. Shilo. 1966. Mod
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