Golden Alga Workshop Summary Report - Texas Parks & Wildlife ...

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2. List of Golden Alga Workshop Attendees 3. List of Golden Alga Vendors 4. Additional Information Provided on the Golden Alga Sean Watson - Literature Review of the Microalga Prymnesium parvum and its Associated Toxicity PWD RP T3200-1203
Golden Alga Workshop Background Information Since the early 1980s, the occurrence of toxic golden alga (Prymnesium parvum) blooms have increased in Texas in number and range. These toxic alga blooms have resulted in large fish kills in five major rivers in Texas (Pecos River, Colorado River, Brazos River, Wichita River, and Canadian River). In recent years, toxic blooms have impacted major reservoirs managed for recreational fisheries that provide important recreational and tourism opportunities for the public. State fish hatcheries associated with the Brazos and Red rivers have also been impacted by this toxic alga. The resulting economic impacts to Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) fisheries management efforts, state parks, and local businesses have been significant. During this time, the golden alga has been confirmed in seven other states: Arkansas, Alabama, Georgia, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Wyoming. TPWD held a workshop in July 2001 at Possum Kingdom, Texas, with state, regional, and local agencies; government leaders; university researchers; and representatives of the public. The workshop discussed the problem and potential actions. One action from the workshop was for the Harmful Algal Bloom Subcommittee (of the state interagency Toxic Substances Coordinating Committee) to work with member agencies and university researchers to draft a report to the legislature that included potential actions and research with rough cost estimates. Using information from this report and other sources, the state legislature authorized TPWD to spend $600,000 in each year of the 2004-2005 biennium ($1.2 million total) to address the golden alga problem. TPWD decided that in order to use these funds wisely and efficiently, the priority needs for developing management options for the golden alga had to be determined. The TPWD Golden Alga Task Force was organized to manage the departmental response to golden alga blooms and the problems they cause. The department held a scientific Golden Alga Workshop in October 2003 to generate and prioritize research and other needs for Texas. The workshop invited state, national, and international experts on the golden alga and other harmful algae to meet with stakeholders from nearby states, Texas state agencies, federal agencies, river authorities, university researchers, private industry, and the public. Invited speakers gave presentations discussing the situation in Texas, international research and understanding about the golden alga, and possible options to address the problem. The presenters and the stakeholders then interacted in facilitated sessions to develop lists of actions for a management plan for the golden alga. TPWD will use the results of this workshop in determining priority actions and projects that can be undertaken with the funding available. Through a federally funded state wildlife grant, funding from other sponsors (Brazos River Authority and Lower Colorado River Authority), and cooperative efforts with the Texas Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, this workshop was conducted without expending any of the legislative authorized funds. Efforts will continue to try to increase the funds available for these activities through additional funding and cooperative efforts. PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 1 and 2: Golden Alga (Prymnesium parvum) Wor
Page 3 and 4: Golden Alga Workshop Agenda October
Page 5: Golden Alga Workshop Table of Conte
Page 9 and 10: The TPWD “GOLD” Team Technical
Page 11 and 12: While There Is Much We Do Not Know
Page 13 and 14: Detection Early Simple Basic Resear
Page 15 and 16: Historical Review of Golden Alga (P
Page 17 and 18: Prymnesium parvum PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 19 and 20: Prymnesium parvum in Texas: 28 eve
Page 21 and 22: Five Texas River Basins Impacted C
Page 23 and 24: Number and Value of Fish Killed 198
Page 25 and 26: 1 1 5 5 6 6 14 13 15 12 14 13 15 12
Page 27 and 28: Month Golden Alga Fish Kills Began
Page 29 and 30: Number of Fish Killed Brazos Basin
Page 31 and 32: We Want to Solve the Problem Factor
Page 33 and 34: What We Have Done - continued Repor
Page 35 and 36: Special Thanks To The Following: We
Page 37 and 38: Overview of Texas Hatchery Manageme
Page 39 and 40: Dundee State Fish Hatchery • Febr
Page 41 and 42: Dundee State Fish Hatchery • Caus
Page 43 and 44: TPWD Inland Fisheries P. parvum Tas
Page 45 and 46: TPWD Inland Fisheries P. parvum Tas
Page 47 and 48: Monitoring P. parvum densities •
Page 49 and 50: Monitoring Toxin Levels • Bioassa
Page 51 and 52: Monitoring of P. parvum • Needs -
Page 53 and 54: Physical Treatments Χ Sonication (
Page 55 and 56: Χ X Chemical Treatments Hydrogen p
Page 57 and 58:
Treatments - Chemical • Ammonium
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Treatments - Chemical • Cutrine
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Achievements • Development of hat
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TPWD Inland Fisheries P. parvum Tas
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Phylogeny, life history, autecology
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Overview • morphology - what it l
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Morphology of P. parvum haptonema f
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Prymnesium species Species Habitat
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Haplo-diploid life cycle P. parvum
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Life cycle: mating experiment 2n +
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Possible life cycle for P. parvum H
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Optimum and tolerance for growth Pa
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Mixotrophy • P. parvum can ingest
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Toxins • proteolipids (Ulizur & S
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Occurrence of harmful Typical habit
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What can be done? • Establish a m
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Prymnesium parvum: An overview and
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Presently recognized Prymnesium spe
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Bloom History • Within a decade o
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Dying Shad - Texas - courtesy of C.
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Dead fish at a dam site in Texas -
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Fish showing hemmoragic areas from
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Toxins: (Lethal Cocktail) There is
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How easily can they be identified f
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Body Scales of P.
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Fluorescent labeled P. parvum cell
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Priorities: Cells: • accurate and
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Analysis of Prymnesium parvum bloom
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Overview • Questions Identified b
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Approach - proposed studies • Syn
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Lake Whitney Stations Site P11 Site
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80000 Lake Whitney 2003 P. parvum a
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Feb-April 2003 Lake Whitney: surfac
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Lake Bioassay Methods • Acclimate
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Lake Whitney Bioassay Sites Site P1
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Lake Whitney Nutrient Bioassay 4/29
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Original Questions • What factors
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Next steps? • Continue paired-res
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DY III Media Stock Addtions Nutrien
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Kill your enemies and eat them: the
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5 µm Killed salmons in aquaculture
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When will the first dead bathing gu
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Toxicity in Chrysochromulina polyle
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HE 50 (10 6 cells ml -1 ) Prymnesiu
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Effect of increasing P-deficent P.
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Ichthyotoxic species Prymnesin-2 H
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☺ Before PWD RP T3200-1203
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Effect of Prymnesium parvum filtrat
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Skovgaard and Hansen, 2003, L & O,
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Ciliates Flagellates Diatoms cell l
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Low Prymnesium parvum cell numbers
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6 Bacterivory in P. parvum Ingested
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P. parvum phagotrophy (prey ingesti
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% P. parvum feeding cells and lysed
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Skovgaard and Hansen, 2003, L & O,
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Oxyrrhis marina cell lysis in the p
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Ingestion of Oxyrrhis after 2 and 6
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P-deficient P. parvum ingesting blo
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Conclusions •Toxicity is the key
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C. helgolandicus pellets •Picture
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Laboratory Studies on Prymnesium -
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News Release • May 28, 2002 - mas
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Fish Kill at Prewitt Reservoir PWD
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Pelicans putative of transport agen
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Objectives of this Presentation •
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Prymnesium Strains in Culture • U
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Structure of Prymnesium PWD RP T320
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Scales Haptonema PWD RP T3200-1203
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Cyst Formation • A variety of con
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Growth Observations 0n Prymnesium s
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Prymnesium Twin Buttes Lake, Wyomin
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Hemolytic Bioassay Procedures • 5
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Hemolysis Bioassay • Alga Medium
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Mixotrophy Studies • Several phyt
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Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum N
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Adaptive Advantage of Chloroplast E
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10 µm Kathablepharis sp. Courtesy
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Chrysochromulina parva Long, uncoil
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Ingested Chrysochromulina & some ba
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Return to Prewitt • Prymnesium pa
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Prewitt Reservoir Fact • Five day
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Prewitt Reservoir Explanation • P
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Prewitt Mystery Solved? • Campylo
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Future Prymnesium Problems in Wyomi
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Rapid Tests for the Detection of Pr
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Why rRNA probes? * universally foun
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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EUK 1209R CHLO 02 PRYM 02 PELA 01 P
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Change from PFA to ETOH Saline Chan
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Analysis of Alexandrium strains fro
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Harmful Algal Blooms Noctiluca Kare
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Coccolithus pelag
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Application & detection methods for
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Conclusions • Specific probes cou
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1. ChemScanRDI, a laser based syste
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ChemScanRDI combines fluorescent ce
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Electrochemical detection of toxic
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Electrochemical Detection of rRNA f
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Comparison of cell counts with elec
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Long term stability of treated sens
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Development of DNA-microarrays for
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Scheme of a DNA-Chip Experiment Flu
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Monitoring Phytoplankton compositio
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EUK 1209 CHLO01 Localization of the
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Identification of Phytoplankton on
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DNA CHIP Clone librairy Dec 2000 1
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Research Needs • Monitoring of to
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Rapid Tests for the Detection of Ha
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abs. units 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 y =
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Prymnesium parvumRL10 % lysis 100 8
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Allelochemical ef
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Controlling Harmful Algal Blooms Do
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Management of harmful algae • Pre
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Chemical control of freshwater alga
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•This (small) reservoir had a lon
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Chemical flocculants - Phosphorus C
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PWD RP T3200-1203 from: River Scien
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Biological Control - Viruses Aureoc
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Viruses for HAB species Target spec
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Biological Control - Bacterial path
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Biological Control - Grazers Target
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Clay control of HAB species clay mi
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Variable removal ability of domesti
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Source: Sengco et
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Flume studies, WHOI PWD RP T3200-12
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Brevetoxin analysis cell concentrat
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Impacts - Benthic fauna Archambault
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Future directions: Cell removal, se
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When the cells reached exponential
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Conclusions Kalmar Experiments Phos
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Experiments at Woods Hole (in colla
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Recent work in Kalmar (data from J.
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Conclusions - control of Prymnesium
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A review of fish-killing microalgae
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Toxic/harmful microalgae • dinofl
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Fish kills
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Ichthyotoxic species • Karenia br
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FMRI,FWC Exposure routes • gills
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Gymnodinium pulchellum (brevetoxins
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Reef fish disease - Caribbean, Flor
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Diatoms • physical damage to gill
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Aquaculture in Israel and Prymnesiu
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Prymnesium parvum from Israel PWD R
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Prymnesium parvum blooms in Israel
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From Sarig 1971 Prymnesium parvum t
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From Sarig 1971 Mode of toxin actio
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Fish bioassay • dependence of tox
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Relationship # toxin concentration
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From Sarig 1971 Management of Prymn
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Management strategies • prevent b
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How to Use the Past to Plan for the
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How can studies on other harmful al
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Task Force report identified 7 HAB
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A 5-year federal, state, academic,
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ECONOMIC IMPACT In the 1970s, two r
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What is Needed Based on What is Kno
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Page 381 and 382:
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Golden Alga Workshop Notes: Present
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facilities was a problem in North C
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Korean fisheries are a $1 billion i
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Friday October 24, 2003 Panel Discu
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• Design a sampling program with
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What are your recommendations for i
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• Rapid progress is made where th
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• Maintain a Golden Alga web site
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ChemScanRDI (a laser based system t
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• DNA-microarrays for monitoring
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• Reliable economic statistics fo
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• Be proactive; get messages out
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Golden Alga Workshop Attendees Firs
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Golden Alga Workshop Attendees, con
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Literature Review of the Microalga
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Oued Mellah Reservoir in Morocco oc
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the metal ions Fe, Zn, Mo, Cu or Co
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with the ability to utilize organic
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Figure 1. Prymnesin-1 (1) and Prymn
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Temperature Shilo and Ashner (1953)
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Glycerol Glycerol was found to incr
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since it seems that nitrogen and ph
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(Haptophyta) in semi-continuous cul
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Ulitzer, S. and M. Shilo. 1966. Mod
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