Golden Alga Workshop Summary Report - Texas Parks & Wildlife ...

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Treatments – Chemical • Potassium permanganate - KMnO 4 – Detoxifying agent – Treatment rate = 2 mg/L KMnO 4 above the oxidative demand • e.g., oxidative demand (4 mg/L), then treatment rate would be at 6 mg/L KMnO 4 – KMnO 4 suitable for treating toxic water, but ineffective in P. parvum cell lysis PWD RP T3200-1203
Treatments – Chemical • Ammonium sulfate - (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 – Most commonly used method by TPWD – Effective at 15°C C to 28°C – Prophylactic treatment maintaining a minimum effective level of un-ionized ammonia (NH 3 ) = 0.2 mg/L – Not recommended for low temperatures, low pH, high ambient NH 3 , or sensitive fish species or delicate life stages PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 1 and 2:
Golden Alga (Prymnesium parvum) Wor
Page 3 and 4:
Golden Alga Workshop Agenda October
Page 5 and 6: Golden Alga Workshop Table of Conte
Page 7 and 8: Golden Alga Workshop Background Inf
Page 9 and 10: The TPWD “GOLD” Team Technical
Page 11 and 12: While There Is Much We Do Not Know
Page 13 and 14: Detection Early Simple Basic Resear
Page 15 and 16: Historical Review of Golden Alga (P
Page 17 and 18: Prymnesium parvum PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 19 and 20: Prymnesium parvum in Texas: 28 eve
Page 21 and 22: Five Texas River Basins Impacted C
Page 23 and 24: Number and Value of Fish Killed 198
Page 25 and 26: 1 1 5 5 6 6 14 13 15 12 14 13 15 12
Page 27 and 28: Month Golden Alga Fish Kills Began
Page 29 and 30: Number of Fish Killed Brazos Basin
Page 31 and 32: We Want to Solve the Problem Factor
Page 33 and 34: What We Have Done - continued Repor
Page 35 and 36: Special Thanks To The Following: We
Page 37 and 38: Overview of Texas Hatchery Manageme
Page 39 and 40: Dundee State Fish Hatchery • Febr
Page 41 and 42: Dundee State Fish Hatchery • Caus
Page 43 and 44: TPWD Inland Fisheries P. parvum Tas
Page 47 and 48: Monitoring P. parvum densities •
Page 49 and 50: Monitoring Toxin Levels • Bioassa
Page 51 and 52: Monitoring of P. parvum • Needs -
Page 53 and 54: Physical Treatments Χ Sonication (
Page 55: Χ X Chemical Treatments Hydrogen p
Page 59 and 60: Treatments - Chemical • Cutrine
Page 61 and 62: Achievements • Development of hat
Page 65 and 66: Phylogeny, life history, autecology
Page 67 and 68: Overview • morphology - what it l
Page 69 and 70: Morphology of P. parvum haptonema f
Page 71 and 72: Prymnesium species Species Habitat
Page 73 and 74: Haplo-diploid life cycle P. parvum
Page 75 and 76: Life cycle: mating experiment 2n +
Page 77 and 78: Possible life cycle for P. parvum H
Page 79 and 80: Optimum and tolerance for growth Pa
Page 81 and 82: Mixotrophy • P. parvum can ingest
Page 83 and 84: Toxins • proteolipids (Ulizur & S
Page 85 and 86: Occurrence of harmful Typical habit
Page 87 and 88: What can be done? • Establish a m
Page 89 and 90: Prymnesium parvum: An overview and
Page 91 and 92: Presently recognized Prymnesium spe
Page 93 and 94: Bloom History • Within a decade o
Page 95 and 96: PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 97 and 98: Dying Shad - Texas - courtesy of C.
Page 99 and 100: PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 101 and 102: Dead fish at a dam site in Texas -
Page 103 and 104: Fish showing hemmoragic areas from
Page 105 and 106: Toxins: (Lethal Cocktail) There is
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How easily can they be identified f
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Body Scales of P.
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Fluorescent labeled P. parvum cell
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Priorities: Cells: • accurate and
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Analysis of Prymnesium parvum bloom
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Overview • Questions Identified b
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Approach - proposed studies • Syn
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Lake Whitney Stations Site P11 Site
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80000 Lake Whitney 2003 P. parvum a
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Feb-April 2003 Lake Whitney: surfac
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Lake Bioassay Methods • Acclimate
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Lake Whitney Bioassay Sites Site P1
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Lake Whitney Nutrient Bioassay 4/29
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Original Questions • What factors
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Next steps? • Continue paired-res
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DY III Media Stock Addtions Nutrien
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Kill your enemies and eat them: the
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5 µm Killed salmons in aquaculture
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When will the first dead bathing gu
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Toxicity in Chrysochromulina polyle
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HE 50 (10 6 cells ml -1 ) Prymnesiu
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Effect of increasing P-deficent P.
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Ichthyotoxic species Prymnesin-2 H
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☺ Before PWD RP T3200-1203
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Effect of Prymnesium parvum filtrat
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Skovgaard and Hansen, 2003, L & O,
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Ciliates Flagellates Diatoms cell l
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Low Prymnesium parvum cell numbers
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6 Bacterivory in P. parvum Ingested
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P. parvum phagotrophy (prey ingesti
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% P. parvum feeding cells and lysed
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Skovgaard and Hansen, 2003, L & O,
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Oxyrrhis marina cell lysis in the p
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Ingestion of Oxyrrhis after 2 and 6
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P-deficient P. parvum ingesting blo
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Conclusions •Toxicity is the key
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C. helgolandicus pellets •Picture
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Laboratory Studies on Prymnesium -
Page 185 and 186:
News Release • May 28, 2002 - mas
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Fish Kill at Prewitt Reservoir PWD
Page 189 and 190:
Pelicans putative of transport agen
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Objectives of this Presentation •
Page 193 and 194:
Prymnesium Strains in Culture • U
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Structure of Prymnesium PWD RP T320
Page 197 and 198:
PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 199 and 200:
Scales Haptonema PWD RP T3200-1203
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Cyst Formation • A variety of con
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Growth Observations 0n Prymnesium s
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Prymnesium Twin Buttes Lake, Wyomin
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Hemolytic Bioassay Procedures • 5
Page 209 and 210:
Hemolysis Bioassay • Alga Medium
Page 211 and 212:
Mixotrophy Studies • Several phyt
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Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum N
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Adaptive Advantage of Chloroplast E
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10 µm Kathablepharis sp. Courtesy
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Chrysochromulina parva Long, uncoil
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Ingested Chrysochromulina & some ba
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Return to Prewitt • Prymnesium pa
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Prewitt Reservoir Fact • Five day
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Prewitt Reservoir Explanation • P
Page 229 and 230:
Prewitt Mystery Solved? • Campylo
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Future Prymnesium Problems in Wyomi
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Rapid Tests for the Detection of Pr
Page 235 and 236:
Why rRNA probes? * universally foun
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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EUK 1209R CHLO 02 PRYM 02 PELA 01 P
Page 241 and 242:
Change from PFA to ETOH Saline Chan
Page 243 and 244:
Analysis of Alexandrium strains fro
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Harmful Algal Blooms Noctiluca Kare
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Coccolithus pelag
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Application & detection methods for
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Conclusions • Specific probes cou
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1. ChemScanRDI, a laser based syste
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ChemScanRDI combines fluorescent ce
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Electrochemical detection of toxic
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Electrochemical Detection of rRNA f
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Comparison of cell counts with elec
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Long term stability of treated sens
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Development of DNA-microarrays for
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Scheme of a DNA-Chip Experiment Flu
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Monitoring Phytoplankton compositio
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EUK 1209 CHLO01 Localization of the
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Identification of Phytoplankton on
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DNA CHIP Clone librairy Dec 2000 1
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Research Needs • Monitoring of to
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Rapid Tests for the Detection of Ha
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abs. units 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 y =
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Prymnesium parvumRL10 % lysis 100 8
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Allelochemical ef
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Controlling Harmful Algal Blooms Do
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Management of harmful algae • Pre
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Chemical control of freshwater alga
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•This (small) reservoir had a lon
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Chemical flocculants - Phosphorus C
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PWD RP T3200-1203 from: River Scien
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Biological Control - Viruses Aureoc
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Viruses for HAB species Target spec
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Biological Control - Bacterial path
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Biological Control - Grazers Target
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Clay control of HAB species clay mi
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Variable removal ability of domesti
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Source: Sengco et
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Flume studies, WHOI PWD RP T3200-12
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Brevetoxin analysis cell concentrat
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Impacts - Benthic fauna Archambault
Page 321 and 322:
Future directions: Cell removal, se
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When the cells reached exponential
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Conclusions Kalmar Experiments Phos
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Experiments at Woods Hole (in colla
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Recent work in Kalmar (data from J.
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Conclusions - control of Prymnesium
Page 333 and 334:
A review of fish-killing microalgae
Page 335 and 336:
Toxic/harmful microalgae • dinofl
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Fish kills
Page 339 and 340:
Ichthyotoxic species • Karenia br
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FMRI,FWC Exposure routes • gills
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Gymnodinium pulchellum (brevetoxins
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Reef fish disease - Caribbean, Flor
Page 347 and 348:
Diatoms • physical damage to gill
Page 349 and 350:
Aquaculture in Israel and Prymnesiu
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Prymnesium parvum from Israel PWD R
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Prymnesium parvum blooms in Israel
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From Sarig 1971 Prymnesium parvum t
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From Sarig 1971 Mode of toxin actio
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Fish bioassay • dependence of tox
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Relationship # toxin concentration
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From Sarig 1971 Management of Prymn
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Management strategies • prevent b
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How to Use the Past to Plan for the
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How can studies on other harmful al
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Task Force report identified 7 HAB
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A 5-year federal, state, academic,
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ECONOMIC IMPACT In the 1970s, two r
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What is Needed Based on What is Kno
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Golden Alga Workshop Notes: Present
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facilities was a problem in North C
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Korean fisheries are a $1 billion i
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Friday October 24, 2003 Panel Discu
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• Design a sampling program with
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What are your recommendations for i
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• Rapid progress is made where th
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• Maintain a Golden Alga web site
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ChemScanRDI (a laser based system t
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• DNA-microarrays for monitoring
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• Reliable economic statistics fo
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• Be proactive; get messages out
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Golden Alga Workshop Attendees Firs
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Golden Alga Workshop Attendees, con
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Literature Review of the Microalga
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Oued Mellah Reservoir in Morocco oc
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the metal ions Fe, Zn, Mo, Cu or Co
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with the ability to utilize organic
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Figure 1. Prymnesin-1 (1) and Prymn
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Temperature Shilo and Ashner (1953)
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Glycerol Glycerol was found to incr
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since it seems that nitrogen and ph
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(Haptophyta) in semi-continuous cul
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Ulitzer, S. and M. Shilo. 1966. Mod
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