Golden Alga Workshop Summary Report - Texas Parks & Wildlife ...

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Etiology of aquatic animal mortalities • toxic microalgae • contaminants • water quality • pathogens • fishery by-catch • mechanical damage • natural PWD RP T3200-1203
Toxic/harmful microalgae • dinoflagellates** • diatoms • cyanobacteria • raphidophytes** • prymnesiophytes** • dictyophytes • chrysophytes PWD RP T3200-1203 ** ichthyotoxic species
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Golden Alga (Prymnesium parvum) Wor
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Golden Alga Workshop Agenda October
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Golden Alga Workshop Table of Conte
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Golden Alga Workshop Background Inf
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The TPWD “GOLD” Team Technical
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While There Is Much We Do Not Know
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Detection Early Simple Basic Resear
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Historical Review of Golden Alga (P
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Prymnesium parvum PWD RP T3200-1203
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Prymnesium parvum in Texas: 28 eve
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Five Texas River Basins Impacted C
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Number and Value of Fish Killed 198
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1 1 5 5 6 6 14 13 15 12 14 13 15 12
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Month Golden Alga Fish Kills Began
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Number of Fish Killed Brazos Basin
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We Want to Solve the Problem Factor
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What We Have Done - continued Repor
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Special Thanks To The Following: We
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Overview of Texas Hatchery Manageme
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Dundee State Fish Hatchery • Febr
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Dundee State Fish Hatchery • Caus
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TPWD Inland Fisheries P. parvum Tas
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Monitoring P. parvum densities •
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Monitoring Toxin Levels • Bioassa
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Monitoring of P. parvum • Needs -
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Physical Treatments Χ Sonication (
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Χ X Chemical Treatments Hydrogen p
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Treatments - Chemical • Ammonium
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Treatments - Chemical • Cutrine
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Achievements • Development of hat
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Phylogeny, life history, autecology
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Overview • morphology - what it l
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Morphology of P. parvum haptonema f
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Prymnesium species Species Habitat
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Haplo-diploid life cycle P. parvum
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Life cycle: mating experiment 2n +
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Possible life cycle for P. parvum H
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Optimum and tolerance for growth Pa
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Mixotrophy • P. parvum can ingest
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Toxins • proteolipids (Ulizur & S
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Occurrence of harmful Typical habit
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What can be done? • Establish a m
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Prymnesium parvum: An overview and
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Presently recognized Prymnesium spe
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Bloom History • Within a decade o
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Dying Shad - Texas - courtesy of C.
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Dead fish at a dam site in Texas -
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Fish showing hemmoragic areas from
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Toxins: (Lethal Cocktail) There is
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How easily can they be identified f
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Body Scales of P.
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Fluorescent labeled P. parvum cell
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Priorities: Cells: • accurate and
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Analysis of Prymnesium parvum bloom
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Overview • Questions Identified b
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Approach - proposed studies • Syn
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Lake Whitney Stations Site P11 Site
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80000 Lake Whitney 2003 P. parvum a
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Feb-April 2003 Lake Whitney: surfac
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Lake Bioassay Methods • Acclimate
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Lake Whitney Bioassay Sites Site P1
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Lake Whitney Nutrient Bioassay 4/29
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Original Questions • What factors
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Next steps? • Continue paired-res
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DY III Media Stock Addtions Nutrien
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Kill your enemies and eat them: the
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5 µm Killed salmons in aquaculture
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When will the first dead bathing gu
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Toxicity in Chrysochromulina polyle
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HE 50 (10 6 cells ml -1 ) Prymnesiu
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Effect of increasing P-deficent P.
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Ichthyotoxic species Prymnesin-2 H
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☺ Before PWD RP T3200-1203
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Effect of Prymnesium parvum filtrat
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Skovgaard and Hansen, 2003, L & O,
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Ciliates Flagellates Diatoms cell l
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Low Prymnesium parvum cell numbers
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6 Bacterivory in P. parvum Ingested
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P. parvum phagotrophy (prey ingesti
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% P. parvum feeding cells and lysed
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Skovgaard and Hansen, 2003, L & O,
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Oxyrrhis marina cell lysis in the p
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Ingestion of Oxyrrhis after 2 and 6
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P-deficient P. parvum ingesting blo
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Conclusions •Toxicity is the key
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C. helgolandicus pellets •Picture
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Laboratory Studies on Prymnesium -
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News Release • May 28, 2002 - mas
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Fish Kill at Prewitt Reservoir PWD
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Pelicans putative of transport agen
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Objectives of this Presentation •
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Prymnesium Strains in Culture • U
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Structure of Prymnesium PWD RP T320
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Scales Haptonema PWD RP T3200-1203
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Cyst Formation • A variety of con
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Growth Observations 0n Prymnesium s
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Prymnesium Twin Buttes Lake, Wyomin
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Hemolytic Bioassay Procedures • 5
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Hemolysis Bioassay • Alga Medium
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Mixotrophy Studies • Several phyt
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Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum N
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Adaptive Advantage of Chloroplast E
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10 µm Kathablepharis sp. Courtesy
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Chrysochromulina parva Long, uncoil
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Ingested Chrysochromulina & some ba
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Return to Prewitt • Prymnesium pa
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Prewitt Reservoir Fact • Five day
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Prewitt Reservoir Explanation • P
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Prewitt Mystery Solved? • Campylo
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Future Prymnesium Problems in Wyomi
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Rapid Tests for the Detection of Pr
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Why rRNA probes? * universally foun
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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EUK 1209R CHLO 02 PRYM 02 PELA 01 P
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Change from PFA to ETOH Saline Chan
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Analysis of Alexandrium strains fro
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Harmful Algal Blooms Noctiluca Kare
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Coccolithus pelag
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Application & detection methods for
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Conclusions • Specific probes cou
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1. ChemScanRDI, a laser based syste
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ChemScanRDI combines fluorescent ce
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Electrochemical detection of toxic
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Electrochemical Detection of rRNA f
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Comparison of cell counts with elec
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Long term stability of treated sens
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Development of DNA-microarrays for
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Scheme of a DNA-Chip Experiment Flu
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Monitoring Phytoplankton compositio
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EUK 1209 CHLO01 Localization of the
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Identification of Phytoplankton on
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DNA CHIP Clone librairy Dec 2000 1
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Research Needs • Monitoring of to
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Rapid Tests for the Detection of Ha
Page 283 and 284: abs. units 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 y =
Page 285 and 286: Prymnesium parvumRL10 % lysis 100 8
Page 287 and 288: PWD RP T3200-1203 Allelochemical ef
Page 289 and 290: Controlling Harmful Algal Blooms Do
Page 291 and 292: Management of harmful algae • Pre
Page 293 and 294: Chemical control of freshwater alga
Page 295 and 296: •This (small) reservoir had a lon
Page 297 and 298: Chemical flocculants - Phosphorus C
Page 299 and 300: PWD RP T3200-1203 from: River Scien
Page 301 and 302: Biological Control - Viruses Aureoc
Page 303 and 304: Viruses for HAB species Target spec
Page 305 and 306: Biological Control - Bacterial path
Page 307 and 308: Biological Control - Grazers Target
Page 309 and 310: Clay control of HAB species clay mi
Page 311 and 312: Variable removal ability of domesti
Page 313 and 314: PWD RP T3200-1203 Source: Sengco et
Page 315 and 316: Flume studies, WHOI PWD RP T3200-12
Page 317 and 318: Brevetoxin analysis cell concentrat
Page 319 and 320: Impacts - Benthic fauna Archambault
Page 321 and 322: Future directions: Cell removal, se
Page 323 and 324: When the cells reached exponential
Page 325 and 326: Conclusions Kalmar Experiments Phos
Page 327 and 328: Experiments at Woods Hole (in colla
Page 329 and 330: Recent work in Kalmar (data from J.
Page 331 and 332: Conclusions - control of Prymnesium
Page 333: A review of fish-killing microalgae
Page 337 and 338: PWD RP T3200-1203 Fish kills
Page 339 and 340: Ichthyotoxic species • Karenia br
Page 341 and 342: FMRI,FWC Exposure routes • gills
Page 343 and 344: Gymnodinium pulchellum (brevetoxins
Page 345 and 346: Reef fish disease - Caribbean, Flor
Page 347 and 348: Diatoms • physical damage to gill
Page 349 and 350: Aquaculture in Israel and Prymnesiu
Page 351 and 352: Prymnesium parvum from Israel PWD R
Page 353 and 354: Prymnesium parvum blooms in Israel
Page 355 and 356: From Sarig 1971 Prymnesium parvum t
Page 357 and 358: From Sarig 1971 Mode of toxin actio
Page 359 and 360: Fish bioassay • dependence of tox
Page 361 and 362: Relationship # toxin concentration
Page 363 and 364: From Sarig 1971 Management of Prymn
Page 365 and 366: Management strategies • prevent b
Page 367 and 368: How to Use the Past to Plan for the
Page 369 and 370: How can studies on other harmful al
Page 371 and 372: Task Force report identified 7 HAB
Page 373 and 374: A 5-year federal, state, academic,
Page 375 and 376: ECONOMIC IMPACT In the 1970s, two r
Page 377 and 378: What is Needed Based on What is Kno
Page 383 and 384: Golden Alga Workshop Notes: Present
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facilities was a problem in North C
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Korean fisheries are a $1 billion i
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Friday October 24, 2003 Panel Discu
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• Design a sampling program with
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What are your recommendations for i
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• Rapid progress is made where th
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• Maintain a Golden Alga web site
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ChemScanRDI (a laser based system t
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• DNA-microarrays for monitoring
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• Reliable economic statistics fo
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• Be proactive; get messages out
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Golden Alga Workshop Attendees Firs
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Golden Alga Workshop Attendees, con
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Literature Review of the Microalga
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Oued Mellah Reservoir in Morocco oc
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the metal ions Fe, Zn, Mo, Cu or Co
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with the ability to utilize organic
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Figure 1. Prymnesin-1 (1) and Prymn
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Temperature Shilo and Ashner (1953)
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Glycerol Glycerol was found to incr
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since it seems that nitrogen and ph
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(Haptophyta) in semi-continuous cul
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Ulitzer, S. and M. Shilo. 1966. Mod
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