Golden Alga Workshop Summary Report - Texas Parks & Wildlife ...

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Where Has Prymnesium parvum Been Found? 1st identified 1930’s in Holland & Denmark Fish kills reported in brackish coastal waters of Israel, China, England, Norway, United States, Australia, Morocco, Scotland, Germany, Spain, Bulgaria, and South Africa Inland United States: Confirmed in Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Arkansas & Alabama Suspected in Oklahoma and Nebraska PWD RP T3200-1203 Shad kill at Granbury Reservoir 2003 Photo by Joan Glass
Prymnesium parvum in Texas: 28 events - 1981 to 2003 First documented kill - Pecos River, 1985 Golden alga first confirmed - Pecos River, 1987-88 88 17.5 million fish killed using conservative estimates Value of fish killed over $7 million PWD RP T3200-1203 Jackson Bend, Lake Granbury 2003 Photo by Joan Glass Unknown indirect losses to local tourism, sport fishing and state revenues Reports of fish kills back to 1960’s in the Pecos, Brazos and Wichita rivers are suspected to be caused by P. parvum
Page 1 and 2: Golden Alga (Prymnesium parvum) Wor
Page 3 and 4: Golden Alga Workshop Agenda October
Page 5 and 6: Golden Alga Workshop Table of Conte
Page 7 and 8: Golden Alga Workshop Background Inf
Page 9 and 10: The TPWD “GOLD” Team Technical
Page 11 and 12: While There Is Much We Do Not Know
Page 13 and 14: Detection Early Simple Basic Resear
Page 15 and 16: Historical Review of Golden Alga (P
Page 17: Prymnesium parvum PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 21 and 22: Five Texas River Basins Impacted C
Page 23 and 24: Number and Value of Fish Killed 198
Page 25 and 26: 1 1 5 5 6 6 14 13 15 12 14 13 15 12
Page 27 and 28: Month Golden Alga Fish Kills Began
Page 29 and 30: Number of Fish Killed Brazos Basin
Page 31 and 32: We Want to Solve the Problem Factor
Page 33 and 34: What We Have Done - continued Repor
Page 35 and 36: Special Thanks To The Following: We
Page 37 and 38: Overview of Texas Hatchery Manageme
Page 39 and 40: Dundee State Fish Hatchery • Febr
Page 41 and 42: Dundee State Fish Hatchery • Caus
Page 43 and 44: TPWD Inland Fisheries P. parvum Tas
Page 47 and 48: Monitoring P. parvum densities •
Page 49 and 50: Monitoring Toxin Levels • Bioassa
Page 51 and 52: Monitoring of P. parvum • Needs -
Page 53 and 54: Physical Treatments Χ Sonication (
Page 55 and 56: Χ X Chemical Treatments Hydrogen p
Page 57 and 58: Treatments - Chemical • Ammonium
Page 59 and 60: Treatments - Chemical • Cutrine
Page 61 and 62: Achievements • Development of hat
Page 65 and 66: Phylogeny, life history, autecology
Page 67 and 68: Overview • morphology - what it l
Page 69 and 70:
Morphology of P. parvum haptonema f
Page 71 and 72:
Prymnesium species Species Habitat
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Haplo-diploid life cycle P. parvum
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Life cycle: mating experiment 2n +
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Possible life cycle for P. parvum H
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Optimum and tolerance for growth Pa
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Mixotrophy • P. parvum can ingest
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Toxins • proteolipids (Ulizur & S
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Occurrence of harmful Typical habit
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What can be done? • Establish a m
Page 89 and 90:
Prymnesium parvum: An overview and
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Presently recognized Prymnesium spe
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Bloom History • Within a decade o
Page 95 and 96:
PWD RP T3200-1203
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Dying Shad - Texas - courtesy of C.
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Dead fish at a dam site in Texas -
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Fish showing hemmoragic areas from
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Toxins: (Lethal Cocktail) There is
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How easily can they be identified f
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Body Scales of P.
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Fluorescent labeled P. parvum cell
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Priorities: Cells: • accurate and
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Analysis of Prymnesium parvum bloom
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Overview • Questions Identified b
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Approach - proposed studies • Syn
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Lake Whitney Stations Site P11 Site
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80000 Lake Whitney 2003 P. parvum a
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Feb-April 2003 Lake Whitney: surfac
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Lake Bioassay Methods • Acclimate
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Lake Whitney Bioassay Sites Site P1
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Lake Whitney Nutrient Bioassay 4/29
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Original Questions • What factors
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Next steps? • Continue paired-res
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DY III Media Stock Addtions Nutrien
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Kill your enemies and eat them: the
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5 µm Killed salmons in aquaculture
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When will the first dead bathing gu
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Toxicity in Chrysochromulina polyle
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HE 50 (10 6 cells ml -1 ) Prymnesiu
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Effect of increasing P-deficent P.
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Ichthyotoxic species Prymnesin-2 H
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☺ Before PWD RP T3200-1203
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Effect of Prymnesium parvum filtrat
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Skovgaard and Hansen, 2003, L & O,
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Ciliates Flagellates Diatoms cell l
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Low Prymnesium parvum cell numbers
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6 Bacterivory in P. parvum Ingested
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P. parvum phagotrophy (prey ingesti
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% P. parvum feeding cells and lysed
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Skovgaard and Hansen, 2003, L & O,
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Oxyrrhis marina cell lysis in the p
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Ingestion of Oxyrrhis after 2 and 6
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P-deficient P. parvum ingesting blo
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Conclusions •Toxicity is the key
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C. helgolandicus pellets •Picture
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Laboratory Studies on Prymnesium -
Page 185 and 186:
News Release • May 28, 2002 - mas
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Fish Kill at Prewitt Reservoir PWD
Page 189 and 190:
Pelicans putative of transport agen
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Objectives of this Presentation •
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Prymnesium Strains in Culture • U
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Structure of Prymnesium PWD RP T320
Page 197 and 198:
PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 199 and 200:
Scales Haptonema PWD RP T3200-1203
Page 201 and 202:
Cyst Formation • A variety of con
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Growth Observations 0n Prymnesium s
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Prymnesium Twin Buttes Lake, Wyomin
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Hemolytic Bioassay Procedures • 5
Page 209 and 210:
Hemolysis Bioassay • Alga Medium
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Mixotrophy Studies • Several phyt
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Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum N
Page 215 and 216:
Adaptive Advantage of Chloroplast E
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10 µm Kathablepharis sp. Courtesy
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Chrysochromulina parva Long, uncoil
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Ingested Chrysochromulina & some ba
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Return to Prewitt • Prymnesium pa
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Prewitt Reservoir Fact • Five day
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Prewitt Reservoir Explanation • P
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Prewitt Mystery Solved? • Campylo
Page 231 and 232:
Future Prymnesium Problems in Wyomi
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Rapid Tests for the Detection of Pr
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Why rRNA probes? * universally foun
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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EUK 1209R CHLO 02 PRYM 02 PELA 01 P
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Change from PFA to ETOH Saline Chan
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Analysis of Alexandrium strains fro
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PWD RP T3200-1203
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Harmful Algal Blooms Noctiluca Kare
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Coccolithus pelag
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Application & detection methods for
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Conclusions • Specific probes cou
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1. ChemScanRDI, a laser based syste
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ChemScanRDI combines fluorescent ce
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Electrochemical detection of toxic
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Electrochemical Detection of rRNA f
Page 263 and 264:
Comparison of cell counts with elec
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Long term stability of treated sens
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Development of DNA-microarrays for
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Scheme of a DNA-Chip Experiment Flu
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Monitoring Phytoplankton compositio
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EUK 1209 CHLO01 Localization of the
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Identification of Phytoplankton on
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DNA CHIP Clone librairy Dec 2000 1
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Research Needs • Monitoring of to
Page 281 and 282:
Rapid Tests for the Detection of Ha
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abs. units 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 y =
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Prymnesium parvumRL10 % lysis 100 8
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PWD RP T3200-1203 Allelochemical ef
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Controlling Harmful Algal Blooms Do
Page 291 and 292:
Management of harmful algae • Pre
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Chemical control of freshwater alga
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•This (small) reservoir had a lon
Page 297 and 298:
Chemical flocculants - Phosphorus C
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PWD RP T3200-1203 from: River Scien
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Biological Control - Viruses Aureoc
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Viruses for HAB species Target spec
Page 305 and 306:
Biological Control - Bacterial path
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Biological Control - Grazers Target
Page 309 and 310:
Clay control of HAB species clay mi
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Variable removal ability of domesti
Page 313 and 314:
PWD RP T3200-1203 Source: Sengco et
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Flume studies, WHOI PWD RP T3200-12
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Brevetoxin analysis cell concentrat
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Impacts - Benthic fauna Archambault
Page 321 and 322:
Future directions: Cell removal, se
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When the cells reached exponential
Page 325 and 326:
Conclusions Kalmar Experiments Phos
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Experiments at Woods Hole (in colla
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Recent work in Kalmar (data from J.
Page 331 and 332:
Conclusions - control of Prymnesium
Page 333 and 334:
A review of fish-killing microalgae
Page 335 and 336:
Toxic/harmful microalgae • dinofl
Page 337 and 338:
PWD RP T3200-1203 Fish kills
Page 339 and 340:
Ichthyotoxic species • Karenia br
Page 341 and 342:
FMRI,FWC Exposure routes • gills
Page 343 and 344:
Gymnodinium pulchellum (brevetoxins
Page 345 and 346:
Reef fish disease - Caribbean, Flor
Page 347 and 348:
Diatoms • physical damage to gill
Page 349 and 350:
Aquaculture in Israel and Prymnesiu
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Prymnesium parvum from Israel PWD R
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Prymnesium parvum blooms in Israel
Page 355 and 356:
From Sarig 1971 Prymnesium parvum t
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From Sarig 1971 Mode of toxin actio
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Fish bioassay • dependence of tox
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Relationship # toxin concentration
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From Sarig 1971 Management of Prymn
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Management strategies • prevent b
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How to Use the Past to Plan for the
Page 369 and 370:
How can studies on other harmful al
Page 371 and 372:
Task Force report identified 7 HAB
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A 5-year federal, state, academic,
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ECONOMIC IMPACT In the 1970s, two r
Page 377 and 378:
What is Needed Based on What is Kno
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Golden Alga Workshop Notes: Present
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facilities was a problem in North C
Page 387 and 388:
Korean fisheries are a $1 billion i
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Friday October 24, 2003 Panel Discu
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• Design a sampling program with
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What are your recommendations for i
Page 395 and 396:
• Rapid progress is made where th
Page 397 and 398:
• Maintain a Golden Alga web site
Page 399 and 400:
ChemScanRDI (a laser based system t
Page 401 and 402:
• DNA-microarrays for monitoring
Page 403 and 404:
• Reliable economic statistics fo
Page 405 and 406:
• Be proactive; get messages out
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Golden Alga Workshop Attendees Firs
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Golden Alga Workshop Attendees, con
Page 411 and 412:
Literature Review of the Microalga
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Oued Mellah Reservoir in Morocco oc
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the metal ions Fe, Zn, Mo, Cu or Co
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with the ability to utilize organic
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Figure 1. Prymnesin-1 (1) and Prymn
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Temperature Shilo and Ashner (1953)
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Glycerol Glycerol was found to incr
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since it seems that nitrogen and ph
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(Haptophyta) in semi-continuous cul
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Ulitzer, S. and M. Shilo. 1966. Mod
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