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table 8 Education EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO EDUCATION QUALITY Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and older) Population with at least secondary education Primary Secondary Tertiary Primary school teachers trained to teach Performance of 15-year-old students Mean score Deviation from mean Satisfaction with education quality (% ages 25 and older) (%) (%) Reading a Mathematics b Science c Reading Mathematics Science (% satisfied) HDI rank 2005–2010 d 2010 2002–2011 d 2002–2011 d 2002–2011 d 2005–2011 d 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2011 2002–2011 d 114 Philippines 95.4 64.8 f 106.0 85.0 28.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 79.2 24.2 114 Uzbekistan 99.4 h .. 95.0 106.0 8.9 100.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 85.0 1.9 116 Syrian Arab Republic 83.4 h 32.8 118.0 72.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 59.1 e 5.4 117 Micronesia, Federated States of .. .. 110.0 83.0 14.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 118 Guyana .. 55.6 f 85.0 91.0 11.9 66.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.5 119 Botswana 84.5 75.5 f 108.0 80.0 7.4 97.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. 66.4 13.2 120 Honduras 84.8 19.8 116.0 73.0 18.8 36.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. 63.6 23.8 121 Indonesia 92.6 41.4 118.0 77.0 23.1 .. 402 371 383 66 70 69 80.1 20.0 121 Kiribati .. .. 113.0 86.0 .. 85.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21.1 121 South Africa 88.7 70.4 102.0 94.0 .. 87.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. 69.3 23.0 124 Vanuatu 82.6 .. 117.0 55.0 4.7 100.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28.5 125 Kyrgyzstan 99.2 81.1 f 100.0 84.0 48.8 68.4 314 331 330 99 81 91 47.7 2.4 125 Tajikistan 99.7 h 89.7 f 102.0 87.0 19.7 92.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. 76.4 1.1 127 Viet Nam 93.2 26.3 f 106.0 77.0 22.3 98.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. 80.4 7.9 128 Namibia 88.8 h 33.5 f 107.0 64.0 9.0 95.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17.4 129 Nicaragua 78.0 37.6 f 118.0 69.0 18.0 74.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. 81.0 51.6 130 Morocco 56.1 28.0 f 114.0 56.0 13.2 100.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 41.6 e 9.5 131 Iraq 78.2 h 32.4 f 105.0 53.0 16.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 38.0 33.3 132 Cape Verde 84.3 h .. 110.0 88.0 17.8 90.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14.3 133 Guatemala 75.2 h 14.8 116.0 59.0 17.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 71.8 35.2 134 Timor-Leste 58.3 .. 117.0 56.0 16.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33.4 135 Ghana 67.3 h 53.8 f 107.0 58.0 8.8 50.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. 57.2 27.8 136 Equatorial Guinea 93.9 h .. 87.0 27.0 3.3 45.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 38.1 136 India 62.8 38.7 f 118.0 60.0 16.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 74.8 34.2 138 Cambodia 77.6 15.7 f 127.0 46.0 7.8 99.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 94.1 45.5 138 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 72.7 29.7 f 121.0 45.0 13.4 96.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. 78.9 33.0 140 Bhutan 52.8 34.4 111.0 70.0 8.8 91.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.0 141 Swaziland 87.4 h 48.1 f 116.0 58.0 4.4 73.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 77.8 16.1 Low human development 142 Congo .. 46.2 f 115.0 45.0 5.5 86.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. 46.6 29.7 143 Solomon Islands .. .. 109.0 36.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 144 Sao Tome and Principe 89.2 h .. 134.0 59.0 4.5 40.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 32.0 145 Kenya 87.4 h 41.9 113.0 60.0 4.0 96.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. 59.6 27.2 146 Bangladesh 56.8 h 35.1 f .. .. 10.6 58.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. 81.6 33.8 146 Pakistan 54.9 31.2 95.0 34.0 5.4 84.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. 60.5 38.5 148 Angola 70.1 h .. 124.0 31.0 3.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 42.0 68.1 149 Myanmar 92.3 h 17.8 f 126.0 54.0 11.0 99.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25.2 150 Cameroon 70.7 27.9 f 120.0 42.0 11.5 57.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 62.1 33.8 151 Madagascar 64.5 .. 149.0 31.0 3.7 90.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. 45.8 65.4 152 Tanzania, United Republic of 73.2 h 7.4 f 102.0 .. 2.1 94.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. 44.8 18.6 153 Nigeria 61.3 h .. 83.0 44.0 10.3 66.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 47.4 20.1 154 Senegal 49.7 7.5 f 87.0 37.0 7.9 47.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. 38.0 40.4 155 Mauritania 58.0 h 14.2 f 102.0 24.0 4.4 100.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 39.2 e 29.3 156 Papua New Guinea 60.6 h 10.5 f 60.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 157 Nepal 60.3 h 28.3 f 115.0 44.0 5.6 80.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. 73.0 38.3 158 Lesotho 89.6 h 20.9 103.0 46.0 3.5 63.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. 43.2 30.7 159 Togo 57.1 29.8 f 140.0 46.0 5.9 76.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. 45.4 40.6 160 Yemen 63.9 16.0 f 87.0 44.0 10.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37.2 e 40.5 161 Haiti 48.7 29.1 f .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 39.9 .. 161 Uganda 73.2 23.4 121.0 28.0 4.2 89.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. 48.8 68.2 163 Zambia 71.2 35.0 f 115.0 .. 2.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 68.0 46.9 164 Djibouti .. .. 59.0 36.0 4.9 100.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 66.6 35.7 165 Gambia 50.0 h 24.0 f 83.0 54.0 4.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 38.9 166 Benin 42.4 h 18.4 f 126.0 37.0 6.0 42.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. 60.7 35.7 167 Rwanda 71.1 h 7.7 f 143.0 32.0 5.5 91.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. 83.9 63.0 168 Côte d’Ivoire 56.2 h 22.1 f 88.0 27.0 8.9 100.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 39.2 169 Comoros 74.9 h .. 104.0 46.0 7.9 57.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. 46.0 e 25.9 170 Malawi 74.8 h 15.3 f 135.0 32.0 0.7 95.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. 65.2 47.2 172 | HUMAN DevELoPMENt REPort 2013 Primary school dropout rate (% of primary school cohort)
Human Development Report 2013 The Rise of the South Human Progress in a Diverse World EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO EDUCATION QUALITY Adult literacy rate Population with at least secondary education Primary Secondary Tertiary Primary school teachers trained to teach Performance of 15-year-old students Mean score Deviation from mean Satisfaction with education quality Primary school dropout rate (% ages 15 and older) (% ages 25 and older) (%) (%) Reading a Mathematics b Science c Reading Mathematics Science (% satisfied) (% of primary school cohort) HDI rank 2005–2010 d 2010 2002–2011 d 2002–2011 d 2002–2011 d 2005–2011 d 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2011 2002–2011 d 171 Sudan 71.1 h 15.5 f 73.0 39.0 6.1 59.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. 43.0 9.1 172 Zimbabwe 92.2 h 55.4 f .. .. 6.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 66.4 .. 173 Ethiopia 39.0 .. 102.0 36.0 5.5 39.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 52.5 174 Liberia 60.8 i 27.3 f 96.0 .. 19.1 40.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. 49.6 54.4 175 Afghanistan .. 20.3 f 97.0 46.0 3.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 58.5 .. 176 Guinea-Bissau 54.2 h .. 123.0 36.0 2.7 38.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 177 Sierra Leone 42.1 14.8 125.0 .. 2.1 48.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 35.3 .. 178 Burundi 67.2 h 7.1 f 156.0 25.0 3.2 91.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. 70.9 43.8 178 Guinea 41.0 h .. 94.0 38.0 9.5 65.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. 39.0 34.3 180 Central African Republic 56.0 h 17.9 f 93.0 13.0 2.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40.7 53.1 181 Eritrea 67.8 h .. 45.0 32.0 2.0 93.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31.0 182 Mali 31.1 10.3 82.0 39.0 5.8 50.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 34.6 24.5 183 Burkina Faso 28.7 2.0 79.0 23.0 3.3 85.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. 53.0 36.4 184 Chad 34.5 h .. 90.0 26.0 2.2 45.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. 60.1 76.7 185 Mozambique 56.1 h 3.6 f 115.0 25.0 1.5 75.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. 63.2 64.6 186 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 66.8 h 23.2 f 94.0 38.0 6.2 91.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. 39.3 45.2 186 Niger 28.7 5.1 f 71.0 13.0 1.5 96.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. 55.3 30.7 Other countries or territories Korea, Democratic People’s Rep. of 100.0 .. .. .. .. .. 539 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Marshall Islands .. .. 102.0 99.0 16.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.5 Monaco .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Nauru .. .. 93.0 63.0 .. 74.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. San Marino .. .. 94.0 97.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Somalia .. .. 32.0 8.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Tuvalu .. .. 100.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Human Development Index groups Very high human development .. 85.9 104.2 100.4 75.8 .. — — — — — — 61.3 3.8 High human development 92.7 64.2 110.5 91.0 48.7 .. — — — — — — 58.0 7.3 Medium human development 82.3 50.5 113.4 70.7 22.1 .. — — — — — — 69.2 18.8 Low human development 60.8 25.2 98.2 37.4 6.8 73.8 — — — — — — 56.5 41.7 Regions Arab States 74.5 38.4 97.7 71.1 24.1 .. — — — — — — 50.0 9.9 East Asia and the Pacific 93.8 .. 111.0 78.8 26.1 .. — — — — — — .. .. Europe and Central Asia 98.1 83.5 99.9 91.2 57.5 .. — — — — — — 51.8 4.2 Latin America and the Caribbean 91.3 50.4 115.9 90.9 42.5 92.3 — — — — — — .. 14.3 South Asia 62.8 39.2 113.6 57.6 15.7 77.2 — — — — — — 73.3 21.4 Sub-Saharan Africa 63.0 29.7 100.3 40.3 6.2 73.9 — — — — — — 52.0 37.8 Least developed countries 60.7 .. 101.8 36.0 6.6 71.9 — — — — — — 58.2 40.9 Small island developing states .. .. 97.0 77.0 45.2 89.4 — — — — — — .. .. World 81.3 57.7 107.9 71.2 28.7 .. — — — — — — 64.2 18.0 NOTES a Average score in reading for Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries is 493. b Average score in mathematics for OECD countries is 495. c Average score in science for OECD countries is 501. d Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. e Average of two or more surveys during the period. f Barro and Lee (2011) estimates for 2010. g Refers to 2011. h United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics (UIS) estimate derived from its Global Age-specific Literacy Projections Model, which is based on national data since 2000. i UIS estimate derived from its Global Age-specific Literacy Projections Model, which is based on national data from before 2000. j Refers to Dubai only. k Refers to Shanghai only. DEFINITIONS Adult literacy rate: Percentage of the population ages 15 and older who can, with understanding, both read and write a short simple statement on their everyday life. Population with at least secondary education: Percentage of the population ages 25 and older that reached at least secondary education. Gross enrolment ratio: Total enrolment in a given level of education (primary, secondary or tertiary), regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the official school-age population for the same level of education. School teachers trained to teach: Percentage of primary school teachers that have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the primary level. Performance in reading, mathematics and science: Score obtained in testing of skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students in these subjects essential for participation in society. Deviation from mean: Spread of scores in reading, mathematics and science relative to the average scores. Satisfaction with education quality: Percentage of respondents who answered “satisfied” to the Gallup World Poll question, “Are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the education system?” Primary school dropout rate: Percentage of students from a given cohort that have enrolled in primary school but that drop out before reaching the last grade of primary education. It is calculated as 100 minus the survival rate to the last grade of primary education and assumes that observed flow rates remain unchanged throughout the cohort life and that dropouts do not re-enter school. MAIN DATA SOURCES Columns 1, 2–6 and 14: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2012). Columns 7–12: OECD (2010). Column 13: Gallup (2012). Table 8 Education | 173
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W N S E Human Development Report 20
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Human Development Report 2013 The R
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Human Development Report 2013 Team
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Finally, the Report also calls for
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Heather Simpson, Ben Slay, Mounir T
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3.6 India’s Supreme Court issues
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Overview One of the most heartening
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and sustainability are fully incorp
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Without investment in people, retur
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opportunity to reap the full benefi
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Woods institutions, the United Nati
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Introduction When developed economi
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leading economies—Brazil, China a
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comparable access to information, e
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mobile phones: cellular banking is
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“The political problem of mankind
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BOX 1.1 Fairness, macroeconomics an
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BOX 1.3 Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate
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FIGURE 1.1 Income per capita is ris
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BOX 1.4 Subjective indicators of we
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FIGURE 1.4 There is notable variati
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FIGURE 1.6 Most regions show declin
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Progress in human development achie
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BOX 1.7 Social competencies: human
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TABLE 1.3 Inequality and satisfacti
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Not all countries have the precondi
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“When the music changes, so does
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BOX 2.1 The South’s integration w
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FIGURE 2.1 As a share of world merc
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BOX 2.2 Acquisitions by the South o
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FIGURE 2.3 Between 2000 and 2010, I
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FIGURE 2.4 Export earnings per capi
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BOX 2.6 Final assembly is about mor
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Instead of having a centre of indus
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FIGURE 2.6 Emerging market economie
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Developing countries trade more amo
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“We cannot expect that all nation
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TABLE 3.1 Selected developing count
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A common feature of countries that
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More important than getting prices
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BOX 3.5 Eastern Europe and Central
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States have to be conscious that th
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As countries develop, they tend to
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Having weathered the Asian financia
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Providing public services that cont
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Advancing health requires more than
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Universal public health and educati
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• China. The Minimum Livelihood G
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“Each generation will reap what t
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concerns will make for a complex en
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A greater emphasis on education can
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FIGURE 4.1 Under the fast track sce
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Around the world people are calling
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FIGURE 4.4 Different environmental
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FIGURE 4.5 Education policies can a
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BOX 4.2 China and Ghana: who benefi
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FIGURE 4.8 countries thus converge
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“Let us join hands to try to crea
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Areas of global international conce
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Addressing climate change requires
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International governance is increas
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BOX 5.2 Jo Leinen, Member of the Eu
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facilitates reserve investments and
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Responsible sovereignty takes the l
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FIGURE 5.1 Under the accelerated pr
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Good policymaking requires greater
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