IEDC-2010 Conference Proceedings (Download ... - NED University

1.2 Efficiency of GIS for Policing and Analysis of Violence & Crime Pattern Over Space
GIS can be described as computer information systems, which enter, manipulate, analyze and display
geographically referenced data. Being a technological resource, GIS has a number of distinctive features
well suited to the manipulation and analysis of geographical data, especially when large volumes of data
or complicated calculations are involved. What distinguishes GIS from other computer information
systems is its ability to analyze data of a spatial as well as a non-spatial nature, either separately or in an
integrated manner (Zietsman, 1991). However, the value of GIS would eventually be measured according
to its usefulness in practice. In this regard, GIS has the ability to integrate large volumes of geographical
data from diverse sources, which facilitates multi-criteria decision-making. Berry (1993) summarizes the
role of GIS in decision-making which he reported as an understanding of the complex nature of spatial
problems, which, in turn, could lead to effective decisions".
2. Methodology
The methodology of the study comprises into two phases, the first phase determines the general
identification of hotspots developed through the periodic records of police data, by using the interpolation
technique in GIS environment. while the other segment do contain the survey, gathering of illustration in
order to bring out the relationship of the snatching activities with the land use of a study area as well as to
explore connection between criminal event in terms of snatching or robbery with the average number of
pedestrians and the existing urban design environment, especially the road network. The second phase of
the study determines the Geo spatial visualization of crime scene which explains the process of 3-
Dimensional visualization of crime scene for getting the better understanding of route design and help
to minimize the criminal events by stick down the easiest escape route for the offender.
2.1 Data collection:
The data is collected through field survey, while the development of base map is through image data
source of the sample area, the field survey includes information about the ethnic population residing in
the sample area and the spatial geographic details of the adjoining areas with route identification of
sample study zone, also containing street geometry and private / Govt security measures, While for the
perspective visualization estimated heights of the buildings are also recorded. If we broadly classify the
data it contains two major classes.
1. Image data
2. Collateral data
2.1.1 Image data
Image data source contains the information extracted from the high resolution satellite image (QuickBird)
is used in this study on which the base map is developed while the CDGK cadastral plan information is
also used for the verification of digitized vector layers. Image data source helps in extracting the ground
geographical information with proper spatial extent, contains the POI‘s (point of interest), road network,
land use based parcels etc. the structure of the study area is developed by the image data while most of the
tabulation is incorporate by the help of non image data sources.
2.1.2 Collateral data
The information that is directly collects from field by using different methods; three basic means of
obtaining such data are observation, surveys, and experiments. In this study mostly the survey recorded
result is formulated, the questionnaire contains the land use classification and the frequency of visit of
Proceedings of IEDC 2010, 1-3 July, 2010
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IEDC-5451-103