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78 • Appendix 1 between the forest department staff and the local communities is not cordial, which limits the desired levels of co-operation between them. 1.3.4. Lack of habitat assessments and improvement initiatives: Most of the high altitude habitats are used by people. There is poor understanding of the impacts of such resource use on wildlife, and for information needed to develop effective management programmes to improve the status of wildlife and their habitats. 1.3.5. Need for socio-economic monitoring, in particular of migratory graziers: In most of the area, local people are almost entirely dependent on local natural resources for their sustenance. Wildlife management, especially in the PAs, needs to be sensitive to the genuine needs of this dependent population. A good understanding of the local society, traditional customs of resource management and economics will greatly help decision making. Such information is largely lacking for the region. 1.3.6. Need for better conflict management, including ways of effectively off-setting economic losses: Conflicts with wildlife are related with livestock depredation, crop depredation and rare cases of mauling by bears. The only officially available means of resolution is providing monetary compensation. The process for this is usually too complicated for the affected people, and the amount payable (usually
Towards Project Snow Leopard • 79 in lot of migratory labourers. In areas such as Pangi, Lahul and Spiti they are known to be involved in detrimental activities such as poaching, medicinal plant and other NTFP collection. Due to the large numbers and spread of these people it is difficult to keep track of their activities by the handful of staff in the Department. 1.4.3. Need for education of migratory herders: In numerous places, migratory herders are increasing their stock to unsustainable limits. This is detrimental for pastoral production in the long term, as well as for wildlife conservation. 1.4.4. Need to reduce livestock populations and encourage better herding practices. In many areas, there are opportunities to work with the local people to establish livestock free areas by providing them suitable incentives. Furthermore, better animal husbandry practices need to be facilitated to safeguard the interests of both the people and wildlife. 2. Limitations/shortcomings of Present High Altitude Protected Area Network and Management 2.1. Present PA network in high altitudes ad-hoc in many cases: Many existing high altitude PAs include large tracts with glaciers, areas with high military presence, and in general areas of low wildlife value. While this may inflate area under PA coverage, onground conservation remains poor. 2.2. Wildlife presence and movement not restricted to within PA boundaries: In spite of a relatively large PA coverage, some populations of endangered species such as the Tibetan argali, Tibetan gazelle and <strong>snow</strong> <strong>leopard</strong> primarily occur outside existing PAs. Thus having an approach that primarily deals with PAs for biodiversity conservation does not fulfill goals of conservation in the region, and a landscape-level approach is desirable. 2.3. Enforcement not coupled with participation, and vice-versa: While participatory approaches are imperative in the region, recognition of the role of enforcement is also important. A balance of both approaches is necessary for effective conservation. 2.4. Multiplicity of directives for PA management from different bodies (WL Act, Supreme Court) that has led to confusion amongst PA managers: 2.5. Few desired activities undertaken in PAs: There are only a few PA management activities that are being undertaken in the PAs today. These relate to revenue collection from tourists and herders, and at times some ‘habitat development’ activities such as water hole construction and plantations/pasture development. A vision and strategy for working on scientifically sound habitat improvement, revenue generation and importantly, involving community participation in PA management is largely absent. 2.6. Continued resource use within PAs: As mentioned earlier, the region has sparse natural resources and pervasive human use. Because of these limitations, human use of PAs is
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TOWARDS PROJECT SNOW LEOPARD Report
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PSL 2006. Towards Project Snow Leop
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The immensely succ
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ix Colleagues at NCF provided const
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xii states. It is for the first tim
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY India’s high al
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operationalized at the earliest. Fo
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Chapter 1: PROJECT SNOW LEOPARD-A C
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Towards Project Snow Leopard • 7
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Towards Project Snow Leopard • 5
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12 • Workshop Process along with
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14 • Workshop Process welfare alo
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16 • Addresses Zoological Park, D
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18 • Addresses despite his very b
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20 • Addresses 1972. The species
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22 • Addresses Shri Rigzin Jora,
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24 • Addresses Shri Tsering Dorje
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26 • Addresses Shri Najamus Saqib
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