SPECIES PLANTARUM — FLORA OF THE WORLD (2003) Tree to 60 m tall; trunk buttressed up to 2 m. Branches densely appressed tomentellous when young, glabrescent, with small conspicuous lenticels. Leaves with stipules lanceolate, membranous, 3–7 mm long, pilose on exterior, early caducous; petioles 5–9 mm long, slender, terete, tomentellous when young, soon glabrous, usually eglandular or with 2 inconspicuous median glands; lamina coriaceous or rigidly chartaceous, elliptic, subovate-elliptic to oblong (leaf index 1.7–2.7), 5–10.5 × 1.8–4 cm, glabrous above when mature but with sparse lanate covering when very young, with stomatal cavities filled with grey lanate pubescence beneath, with acumen 3–5 mm long, round to subcuneate at base; midrib prominulous above, tomentellous towards base, prominent beneath; primary veins 10–16 pairs, arcuate, prominulous above, prominent beneath; secondary veins rounded or only slightly flattened. Inflorescences of predominantly axillary or terminal few-flowered lax panicles to 8 cm long; rachis and branches appressed grey to brown appressed tomentellous; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate, c. 2 mm long, caducous. Receptacle campanulate, slightly gibbous, grey-brown pubescent on exterior, 3–3.5 mm long; pedicels 0.5–1 mm long; calyx lobes ovate, acute, 1.5–2 mm long, grey tomentellous on exterior. Petals white, spathulate, 1.5–2 mm long, caducous, glabrous. Stamens 7 or 8, with small tooth-like staminodes opposite, slightly unequal. Style glabrous; stigma capitate. Fruit ellipsoid, to 3.5 × 4.5 cm; epicarp usually sparsely verrucose; mesocarp 2 mm thick, fleshy; endocarp hard, marbled, 3–5 mm thick, fibrous, densely lanate within. 1 Inflorescence and flowers densely ferrugineous-villous-pubescent; often at high altitudes 1: Inflorescence and flowers sparsely to densely grey- or brown-appressedpubescent; lowlands 2 Primary leaf veins 16–26 pairs; mature leaves 9–15.7 cm long, oblong (index 2.3–3.65); fruit exocarp usually densely verrucose 2: Primary leaf veins 10–16 pairs; mature leaves 5–10.5 cm long, elliptic (index 1.7–2.7), rarely oblong; fruit exocarp usually sparsely verrucose 39a. Parinari costata (Korth.) Blume subsp. costata 39b. subsp. rubiginosa 39c. subsp. polyneura 39a. subsp. costata Primary leaf veins 10–16 pairs; mature leaves 5–10.5 cm long, elliptic (index 1.7–2.7), rarely oblong. Fruit exocarp usually sparsely verrucose. Malay Peninsula, Sumatera, Borneo (Brunei and Sabah), Phillipines (Mindanao, Culion, Samar). 42. BOR, MLY, PHI, SUM. Lowland forest on hillsides and ridges up to 1000 m altitude. Map 296. 42. BORNEO: Brunei, Bukit Terajan, P.S.Ashton 7889 (K, L); Sabah, Beaufort, Bukit Siungan, Talip Ra SAN80631 (L); Sandakan, Leila F. R., Dewol & J.Chow SAN74260 (FHO, K, L, SAN). MALAYA: Penang, Penang Hill, M.R.Henderson SFN21431 (BO, K, SING); Johore, G. Ledang, Mount Ophir, T.C.Whitmore FRI12375 (K, L); Singapore, Mile 11.5 Mondai road, J.Sinclair 7984 (K, US). SUMATERA: Pakanbaru, Tenajan R., E.Soepadmo 206 (BISH, BO, K, L, UC); W Coast, Painan, Sjamsudin S.W.K. I-34 (A, BO, K, L). PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Distr. of Davao, V.Ceballos FB26600 (K, US); Samar, Mt. Sohoton, D.Madulid et al. PNH117999 (K, L). 39b. Parinari costata subsp. rubiginosa (Ridl.) Prance, Brittonia 39: 368 (1987) Parinari costata var. rubiginosa Ridl., J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 6: 143 (1915), as Parinarium costatum var. rubiginosum; Parinari rubiginosa (Ridl.) Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 75: 29 (1917), as Parinarium rubiginosum. T: Malaya: Peninsular Malaysia, Padang, across Teku, H.N.Ridley s.n.; holo: SING; iso: K. Parinari helferi Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 311 (1878), as Parinarium helferi. T: Myanmar: Tenasserim R., J.W.Helfer s.n.; holo: K. Parinari bicolor Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 10: 309 (1915), as Parinarium bicolor. T: Philippines: Mindanao, Surigao Prov., Genituan Is., M.S.Razon, For. Bureau 23022 [as 28022 in journal]; holo: K; iso: L. Illustration: A.J.G.H.Kostermans, Reinwardtia 7: 200, 203, 205 (1965). 234
CHRYSOBALANACEAE (Parinari) Leaf lamina 4–11.5 × 1.6–4.3 cm, oblong elliptic to oblong lanceolate; primary veins 11–19 pairs; petioles 4–8 mm long, thickly tomentose. Inflorescence dense to lax, ferrugineous villous pubescent. Fruit exocarp sparingly lenticellate. Myanmar, Malay Peninsula, Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan), Philippines (Mindanao, Bucas Grande Is.). 41: MYA. 42: BOR, MLY, PHI. Lower montane forest of Malay Peninsula and Borneo at 750–1500 m altitude, and lowland forest of the Philippines. Map 297. 41. MYANMAR: Salwkg, Saingyanethei, Maung Ba Pe 9414 (K); Amherst Distr., near Ason Lake, C.E.Parkinson 5249 (K). 42. BORNEO: Sarawak, Nanga Sepulau, Segan F.R., 4 th Division, E.Wright S27143 (K, L, SAN); Sabah, Penibukan, Ridge E of Dahobang R., J. & M.S.Clemens 50081 (BM, K, L, NY); E Kalimantan, Peak of Balikpapan, Beoul, A.J.G.H.Kostermans 7295 (BO, K, L). MALAYA: Pahang, Fraser Hill, M.R.Henderson FMSM11441 (L, UC); Gunong Tapis, P.F.Cockburn FRI10986 (K, L); NW Johore, Mt. Ophir, T.C.Whitmore FRI12381 (K, L). PHILIPPINES: Samar, Mt. Mahagua, Oquendo, M.D.Sulit PNH14577 (K, L, PNH); Bucas Grande Is., M.Ramos & J.Pascasio PBS35041 (BM, K, US). 39c. Parinari costata subsp. polyneura (Miq.) Prance, Brittonia 39: 368 (1987) Parinari polyneura Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijr. 115 (1860), as Parinarium polyneurum; Ferolia polyneura (Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 216 (1891). T: Sumatera: Lampong Distr., Gunung Batin, J.E.Teijsmann HB4537; holo: U; iso: BO, K. Illustration: A.J.G.H.Kostermans, Reinwardtia 7: 198, 199 (1965). Leaf lamina 9–15.7 × 3.7–6.3 cm, oblong (index 2.3–3.65); primary veins 16–26 pairs; petioles 3–7 mm long, thick, tomentose. Inflorescence lax; inflorescence and flowers with grey appressed tomentellous pubescence. Fruit exocarp usually densely verrucose. Malay Peninsula (Kelantan, Perak, Pahang, Malacca), Singapore, Sumatera, Borneo. 42: BOR, MLY, SUM. Lowland rainforest and occasionally in hills and seasonal swamps. Map 298. 42. BORNEO: E Kalimantan, Peak of Balikpapan, Beoul, A.J.G.H.Kostermans 7588 (BO, K, L, SING). MALAYA: Peninsular Malaysia, Perak, Gopeng, King’s Collector 4624 (K, L, P, SING, Z); Peninsular Malaysia, Pahang, Bk. Tersik, Taman Negara, E.Soepadmo 858 (K); Singapore, W end of Seletan Reservoir, Upper Mandai, J.Sinclair SF39700 (L, P). SUMATERA: Palembang, W.Grashoff 898 (BO, L); Lampong, Sehampong, Rantanel, M.S.Pieters bb 2505 (L). 235