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Bibliography National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(9), 3410–5. Retrieved from http://www.pnas.org/content/105/9/3410.short Thomson, A. M., Calvin, K. V., Smith, S. J., Kyle, G. P., Volke, A., Patel, P., Delgado-Arias, S., et al. (2011). RCP4.5: a pathway for stabilization of radiative forcing by 2100. Climatic Change, 109(1–2), 77–94. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/ article/10.1007/s10584-011-0151-4/fulltext.html Thornton, P. K., Jones, P. G., Ericksen, P. J., & Challinor, A. J. (2011). Agriculture and food systems in sub-Saharan Africa in a 4°C+ world. Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 369(1934), 117–36. doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0246 Tilman, D., Balzer, C., Hill, J., & Befort, B. L. (2011). Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(50), 20260–4. doi:10.1073/ pnas.1116437108 Tilman, D, Reich, P. B., Knops, J., Wedin, D., Mielke, T., & Lehman, C. (2001). Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5543), 843–5. Retrieved from http://www.sciencemag.org/content/294/5543/843.abstract Tilman, David, Wedin, D., & Knops, J. (1996). Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. Nature, 379(6567), 718–720. Retrieved from http:// dx.doi.org/10.1038/379718a0 Trenberth, K. E. (2010). Changes in precipitation with climate change. Climate Research, 47, 123–138. Trigo, R. M., Gouveia, C. M., & Barriopedro, D. (2010). The intense 2007–2009 drought in the Fertile Crescent: Impacts and associated atmospheric circulation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 150(9), 1245–1257. Tripati, A. K., Roberts, C. D., & Eagle, R. A. (2009). Coupling of CO 2 and ice sheet stability over major climate transitions of the last 20 million years. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5958), 1394–7. Retrieved from http://www.sciencemag.org/content/326/5958/1394.abstract Tyndall, J. (1861). XXIII. On the absorption and radiation of heat by gases and vapours, and on the physical connexion of radiation, absorption, and conduction.—The bakerian lecture. Philosophical Magazine Series 4, 22(146), 169–194. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/ abs/10.1080/14786446108643138 U.S. Drought Monitor. (2012). Retrieved from http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/ UN Habitat. (2011). Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements 2011. New York: UN Habitat. UNISDR. (2011). Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2011. Revealing Risk, Redefining Development. Geneva: UNISDR. Ummenhofer, C., England, M., McIntosh, P., Meyers, G., Pook, M., Risbey, J., Gupta, A., et al. (2009). What causes southeast Australia’s worst droughts? Geoph Res Lett, 36(L04706), 1–5. Van den Broeke, M., Bamber, J., Ettema, J., Rignot, E., Schrama, E., van de Berg, W. J., van Meijgaard, E., et al. (2009). Partitioning recent Greenland mass loss. Science, 326(5955), 984–986. doi:10.1126/science.1178176 Van Groenigen, K. J., van Kessel, C., & Hungate, B. A. (2012). Increased greenhouse-gas intensity of rice production under future atmospheric conditions. Nature Climate Change. Retrieved from http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/ fig_tab/nclimate1712_ft.html Velicogna, I. (2009). Increasing rates of ice mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets revealed by GRACE. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(19), L19503. doi:10.1029/2009GL040222 Veron, J. E. N., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Lenton, T. M., Lough, J. M., Obura, D. O., Pearce-Kelly, P., Sheppard, C. R. C., et al. (2009). The coral reef crisis: the critical importance of
Turn Down the <strong>Heat</strong>: Why a 4°C Warmer World Must Be Avoided Willett, K. M., & Sherwood, S. (2012). Exceedance of heat index thresholds for 15 regions under a warming climate using the wet-bulb globe temperature. International Journal of Climatology, 32(2), 161–177. Retrieved from http://doi.wiley. com/10.1002/joc.2257 Williams, J. W., Jackson, S. T., & Kutzbach, J. E. (2007). Projected distributions of novel and disappearing climates by 2100 AD. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(14). World Bank Group. (2010). Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change. Washington: World Bank. World Bank Group. (2009). World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change. Washington: World Bank. World Health Organization. (2009). Protecting health from climate change: connecting science, policy and people. Geneva: WHO. World Health Organization. (2012). Malaria Fact Sheet. Geneva: WHO. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs094/en/ Yin, J., Griffies, S. M., & Stouffer, R. J. (2010). Spatial Variability of Sea Level Rise in Twenty-First Century Projections. Journal of Climate, 23(17), 4585–4607. doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3533.1 Yin, J., Schlesinger, M. E., & Stouffer, R. J. (2009). Model projections of rapid sea-level rise on the northeast coast of the United States. Nature Geoscience, 2(4), 262–266. doi:10.1038/ ngeo462 You, L., Rosegrant, M. W., Wood, S., & Sun, D. (2009). Impact of growing season temperature on wheat productivity in China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149(6–7), 1009–1014. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.12.004 Zeebe, R. E. (2012). History of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry, Atmospheric CO 2 , and Ocean Acidification. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 40(1), 141–165. Retrieved from http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/ annurev-earth-042711–105521 Zelazowski, P., Malhi, Y., Huntingford, C., Sitch, S., & Fisher, J. B. (2011). Changes in the potential distribution of humid tropical forests on a warmer planet. Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 369(1934), 137–60. doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0238 Zhang, X., & Cai, X. (2011). Climate change impacts on global agricultural land availability. Environmental Research Letters, 6(1), 014014. doi:10.1088/1748–9326/6/1/014014 Zivin, J. G., & Neidell, M. J. (2010). Temperature and the Allocation of Time: Implications for Climate Change. Cambridge, MA. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w15717 Zwiers, F. W., & Kharin, V. V. (1998). Changes in the Extremes of the Climate Simulated by CCC GCM2 under CO 2 Doubling. Journal of Climate, 11(1993), 2200–2222. doi:10.1175/1520–0442(1998)0112.0.CO;2 84
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Turn Down the Heat Why a 4°C Warme
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© 2012 International Bank for Reco
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Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4°C Warm
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Foreword It is my hope that this re
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Executive Summary
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Chapter 1
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Observed Climate Changes and Impact
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21st Century Projections This secti
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21st Century Projections technologi
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21st Century Projections Figure 23:
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21st Century Projections A differen
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Focus: Sea-level Rise Projections P
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Focus: Sea-level Rise Projections (
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