Drivers of environmental innovation - Vinnova

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fungerar är att experimentera, och använda många olika styrmedel. Utvärderingar bör ta upp effekter på innovationer. Ännu så länge finns många brister i utbudet av litteratur och undersökningar vad gäller olika styrmedel och deras effekt på miljöinnovationer. Det finns ett stort behov av fler empiriska resultat på området. Viktiga teman är miljökommunikation mellan företag, kompetensfrågor, implicita miljökrav på företag, systeminnovationer och olika styrmedels effekter på innovationer. 10
Summary This study aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on how external demands drive environmental innovations within firms. This is done with a view to contribute to the knowledge of Swedish policy makers. Innovations hold a large potential to contribute to the greening of society. Firmexternal demands for sustainable development is a driving force of innovation within firms, and public policy may contribute to strengthing firm growth and capability to innovate based on this driving force. Environmental innovation can be defined as ”innovation that serves to prevent or reduce anthropogenic burdens on the environment, clean up damage already caused or diagnose and monitor environmental problems”. Environmental innovations involve many areas of knowledge and many industrial sectors and may therefore be systemic and complex. Chapter 2 describes more specifically the nature of environmental innovations, and includes the specific challenges imposed on firms engaged in environmental innovation efforts. The historical development of environmental work is presented, with the shift from end-of-pipe solutions to more integrated solutions to environmental problems being outlined. The shift is due partly to more comprehensive and stricter legislation, as well as to the increased attention being paid to more diffuse environmental problems. It appears that a broader range of competences is needed for environmental innovations than for other types of innovations, and that they require more organisational changes. Customers and suppliers are sources of information used in environmental innovation processes, but the public knowledge infrastructure, for example universities and technical colleges, may also be important. In chapter 3 the focus is on the different external factors that drive environmental innovation activities in firms. The most important drivers are regulations and market related drivers, such as competition and the hope of increased market shares.A shift is taking place away from regulation as the main driving force as market drivers become increasingly important. Government demands, however, remain a very important driver of environmental innovation. Business to business interaction can act to diffuse environmental demands from consumers good firms and large firms to other firms. This can potentially be a powerful driver of environmental work, especially in small firms. The combined action of regulation and social concern within the entire value chain, from raw material suppliers to intermediate manufacturers, final producers, 11
Page 1 and 2: Drivers of environmental innovation
Page 3 and 4: Drivers of environmental innovation
Page 5 and 6: Preface Innovations such as new pro
Page 7 and 8: Sammanfattning Denna rapport är en
Page 9: Övergången mot ett mer marknadsdr
Page 13 and 14: 1 Introduction ”7KH# RQO\# SDWK#
Page 15 and 16: But there are also problems with a
Page 17 and 18: 2 Environmental innovations in firm
Page 19 and 20: ”sustainable development is a key
Page 21 and 22: was in general no larger change in
Page 23 and 24: positive environmental effects alth
Page 25 and 26: That location also plays an importa
Page 27 and 28: adapted, with the latter indicating
Page 29 and 30: 4 Environmental policy instruments
Page 31 and 32: oth in the regulated industry and o
Page 33 and 34: Table 1 Summary of innovation effec
Page 35 and 36: marginal cost of abatement is lower
Page 37 and 38: according to Hemmelskamp (Forthcomi
Page 39 and 40: The Dutch studies looked for the pr
Page 41 and 42: Kemp claims that the effectiveness
Page 43 and 44: Table 5 Summary of innovation effec
Page 45 and 46: There is clearly a need for more em
Page 47 and 48: conditions. These perspectives are
Page 49 and 50: This study shows that the way envir
Page 51 and 52: Hemmelskamp, J. (Forthcoming) “En
Page 54 and 55: Appendix 1 Theoretical approaches t
Page 56: and their interaction. It opens up
Page 59 and 60: efficiency nor on optimising within
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on the theory of terms of trade. A
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egulation may lead to increases in
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average productivity increases. Thi
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VINNOVA, SE-101 58 Stockholm, Swede
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