Drivers of environmental innovation - Vinnova

Content
SAMMANFATTNING................................................................................................... 7
SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 11
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 13
1.1 Aim ................................................................................................................... 13
1.2 Method ............................................................................................................. 13
1.3 What is an environmental innovation? ............................................................ 14
2 ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATIONS IN FIRMS ............................................. 17
2.1 Distinguishing features of environmental innovations .................................... 17
2.2 Historical developments................................................................................... 17
2.3 Information and knowledge requirements ....................................................... 19
2.4 Organisational innovations ............................................................................. 20
3 EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT DRIVE ENVIRONMENTAL
INNOVATIONS............................................................................................................ 22
3.1 There are limits to the price mechanism as a driving force ............................ 23
3.2 A shift towards market drivers?....................................................................... 24
3.3 Sector and firm size influence response to drivers .......................................... 25
3.4 Inter-firm relations relay and transform environmental demands .................. 27
4 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY INSTRUMENTS AS DRIVERS ...................... 29
4.1 Types of policy instruments used ..................................................................... 29
4.2 Regulatory instruments .................................................................................... 30
4.3 Economic instruments...................................................................................... 34
4.4 Communicative instruments............................................................................. 40
4.5 Summary and comments .................................................................................. 44
5 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................... 46
5.1 Conclusions on drivers of environmental inovations ...................................... 46
5.2 Policy conclusions ........................................................................................... 47
5.3 Areas for further studies .................................................................................. 48
REFERENCES.............................................................................................................. 50
APPENDIX 1 THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO INNOVATIONS..................................... 54
APPENDIX 2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND COMPETITIVENESS .............................. 58