INVESTING IN TREES AND LANDSCAPE ... - PROFOR

and coordinate investment in major watershed programs that encompass diverse economic and
social actors from the upper catchment to the lower wetlands, and in biological corridors through
major crop- and livestock-producing regions.
FIGURE 2.1. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LANDSCAPE INVESTMENTS
Source: EcoAgriculture Partners
Scoping for this report identified dozens of landscape-scale restoration initiatives in Africa. Examples
include the Lake Victoria Ecosystem Management Project (LAVEMP), supported by the World
Bank; landscapewide sustainable land management projects supported in several countries by the
Global Environment Facility (GEF) through the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)/
TerrAfrica; initiatives to engage farmers in wildlife and habitat conservation, such as African Wildlife
Foundation’s Heartlands conservation programs and International Union for Conservation of Nature
(IUCN)-supported Landscapes and Livelihoods; many large-scale integrated watershed management,
rehabilitation, and rainwater harvesting initiatives; transboundary wildlife conservation programs;
and dozens of initiatives that involve payment for ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes,
particularly for biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. International agencies such as
the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the World Food Programme (WFP), and
the World Bank are structuring more of their investments in a landscape framework. African leaders
have recommended a more complete inventory and assessment (Ayensu et al. 2010).
Some countries are going even further—incorporating landscape restoration strategies as a central part
of national development policy. In February 2011, Rwanda announced a program of border-to-border
landscape restoration. Ethiopia’s new agricultural investment program encompasses numerous large
landscape restoration initiatives. The Fadama program in Nigeria involves investment of over a billion
Chapter 2. WHERE DO PRIVATE MARKET INCENTIVES CONVERGE WITH LANDSCAPE RESTORATION GOALS?
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