INVESTING IN TREES AND LANDSCAPE ... - PROFOR

COUNTRY PUBLIC PRIVATE
(by descending area
of forest cover as
identified by FAO 2006a)
Areas in millions of
hectares (Mha)
Governmentadministered
Reserved for
communities and
indigenous groups
Owned by
communities and
indigenous groups
Owned by
individuals and firms
2002 2008 2002 2008 2002 2008 2002 2008
Côte d’Ivoire 10.33 10.31 0 0 0 0 0 0.12
DRC 109.20 133.61 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gabon 21.00 21.76 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gambia 0.41 0.02 0.02 0.03 0 0
Mali 15.90 0.71 0 0
Niger 4.74 4.13 0.63 0.87 0 0 0 0.01
Nigeria 13.14 11.09 0 0 0 0 0 0
Senegal 12.77 0.99 0 0.06
Sudan 40.60 64.68 0.80 2.82 0 0 0 0.05
Suriname 14.70 14.70 0.51 0.51 0 0 0.03 0.03
Tanzania 38.50 31.79 0.40 1.58 0 2.05 0 0.06
Zambia 44.68 42.44 0 0.10 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 481.35 505.14 2.46 9.57 .02 2.08 .03 16.24
Source: Adapted from Sunderlin, Hatcher, and Liddle 2008.
BOX 2.6. SOUTHERN SAVANNAS, NIGER: FARMER-MANAGED NATURAL REGENERATION AND
SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
The southern savannas of Niger were long considered to be a hot spot of dryland degradation. Farmermanaged
natural regeneration (FMNR) and soil and water conservation have led to what has been called
a “regreening” in Niger (WRI 2008). FMNR involves simple, low-cost techniques for native tree and shrub
management to produce continuous harvests of trees for fuel, building materials, food, medicine, and
fodder. In Niger, farmers incorporated the approach into agricultural landscapes; it is estimated that 5
million hectares and 4.5 million people are affected. Restoration has been especially strong in the Maradi
and Zinder regions: FMNR has been adopted almost universally by farmers in Zinder, and even Maradi’s
smallest district has 4 million regenerated trees.
Benefits to ecosystems and people have been significant: 200 million trees are protected and managed,
amounting to a 10- to 20-fold increase over 30 years (1975–2005). The associated reduced erosion,
increased soil fertility, and better water availability have supported higher yields; for example, sorghum
yields have improved by 20–85 percent and millet yields by 15–50 percent in participating areas. With
improved yields, people eat better and have more food security in drought years, and families and
communities have been able to diversify their livelihoods. Not only are fuelwood and fodder more readily
available, but households are able to sell surplus products in the local market. For example, regeneration
on a 1 ha field can earn the farmer an additional $140 per year from selling firewood, which is half the
(continued)
Chapter 2. WHERE DO PRIVATE MARKET INCENTIVES CONVERGE WITH LANDSCAPE RESTORATION GOALS?
65