Socio Political Thought Of Shah WaliAllah Rahmatullahi Alaihi

176 Selectiorls frnnl (fujjar Allah a/-Biilighah
modes of achieving this purpose. While some people followed the
mode of stoning and cutting off of the hand, others had recourse to
painful beating, rigorous imprisonment and heavy fines.
70. The violation of these principles of irrijiiqar by two groups must not
mislead the reader. The first of these is the group of thick-headed
psychopaths who are in close proximity to beasts. The majority
of people does not doubt that they are people of lower temperament
and deficient intelligence, as they can see it evidenced by their
non-observance of social and moral limits and restrictions that are
dictated by the requirements of irtijiiqit. The second is the group of
debauches who, on an examination of their minds, would appear to
believe in irtfBqdt. Overcome by carnal desires, however, they violate
them, bearing witness to their debauchery against themselves.
They commit adultery with the daughters and sisters of people, but
if adultery is committed with their own daughters and sisters, they
would almost burst into fury. They know for sure that people feel tormented
exactly as they themselves would feel tormented.They also
know that the commission of such acts interferes with the integrity
of the society, but they are blinded by their low desires. The same
explanation applies to acts of theft, usurpation, and other forms of
exploitation.
This should not be construed to mean that consensus among peoples
on these matters has taken place without any solid basis, or it
is like an agreement between the people of east and west to feed
themselves by one particular food. For there would not be a graver
sophism than this. In fact sound human nature demands that people
agree on these matters, notwithstanding the differences in their
temperaments and habitats and variations in belief, due to a natural
harmony emanating from the peculiar form of their species, and in
response to the recurring needs which confront all members of the
species alike. This harmony also stems from a morality prescribed
by the healthy formation of the species and is embedded in the temperaments
of its individuals. If a man were to grow in a desert far
from the society and does not learn any custom from anyone, he
would certainly feel the urges of hunger, thirst, and sex. Then he
would certainly also feel the desire for a woman. If they both are in a
healthy condition, they would naturally give birth to children. Then
all the members of the fhmily shall join together. This would give rise
to various dealings between them. Thus the primary level of irtifiiq