Socio Political Thought Of Shah WaliAllah Rahmatullahi Alaihi

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37. Muslirn, Sahih, vol. I, pp. 184-86. 38. The term ifi. derived from the Qur'anic verses 24: 1 1-17, alludes to the false accusation levelled against Sayyidah 'A'ishah, the Mother of the Faithful (may God be pleased with her). The above verses were revealed to furnish Divine vindication of hcr character. aukhari has lecorded the incident in a detailed report narrated by hirn in his Sahih. See BukhBri, Sahih, vol. 4, pp. 1774-78. 39. Qur'Bn 58: 1-4 40. Qur'iin 5: 101. 41. Muslim, Sahih, vol. 2, p. 975 42. See n. 26 above. 43. Abii Ja'far Mul!animad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Jdrni' al-Baydn fl Tafsir al- Qur'nr:, ed. Mahmiid Muhammad Shiikir (Cairo: 1374), vol. 2, pp. 204-06. 44. Miilik ibn Anas, al-Muwaffa' (Beirut: 1951), vol. 2, p. 885. 45. Qur'Bn 5:38. 47. Ahrnad ibn Hanbal, Musnad, vol. 3, p. 476. 48. Ibn Majah, Sunan, vol. 2, p. 1 189. 49. Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, vol. 5, p. 257 50. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 38 1 . 5 1. Ibid., vol. 5, p. 266. 52. For further information on the pre-Islamic Arab culture, see 'Urnar Farriikh, Ta'rikh al-Jahiliyyah (Beirut: 1964), pp. 149-168. 53. See.Abit DBwiid, Sunan, vol. 2, pp. 268-69; see also Ahmad ibn 'AIT al- Ya'qiibi, Ta'rikh al-Yaiqubi(Najaf: 1358 A.H.), vol. l, pp. 213-14. 54, Qasdmah is the principle of collective liability in diyah if the actual murderer is not traceable. See Abii Dawiid, Sunan, vol. 2, pp. 265-66 and Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, vol. 5, p. 432. 55. Abii Diiwiid, Sunan, vol. 2, pp. 257 and 378-379. 56. For the bases of these injunctions in the Sunnah, see Ibn Miijah, Sunan, vol. 1, p. 586. For other details concerning the provisions of land revenue in Islam see a historical-cum-juridical work, ~ uf< Muhammad Shafi', Isldni ka Nizdrni-i Arddi (Karachi: 1383 A.H.), pp. 14-48. 57. Ho1.y Bible, Lev. 20 : 10, p. 153; Ex. 22 : 2, p. 98; Gen. 9 : 6, p. 14.
Votes rind References 313 58. Features of pre-Islamic religious culture have been an important subject of study from the earliest times. It was against this background that many Muslim scholars attempted to explain a number of social, psychological and anthropological dimensions of the injunctions of Islam. <strong>Shah</strong> Wali Allah is no exception to this. For further information on the religious life cf the Arabs before the advent of Islam, see Muhammad 'Izzah Darwazah, Ta'rikh al-Jins al-'Arabi(Beirut: l961), vol. 5, pp. 269-306. 59. Ibn Hanbal, Sunan, vol. 2, pp. 233 and 240 and vol. 5, pp. 92 and 99. 60. Ibid., vol. 5, p. 72. 61. Qur'an 2:279. See also Abii al-Fida' IsmZ'Tl ibn 'Umar ibn Kathir, Tafsir a/-Qur'cin a/- 'Azitrt (Cairo: 1956), commentary on the above verses of the Qur' Bn. 62. See 'Abd Allah ibn al-Muqaffa', Kalilah wa Dimnah (Cairo: 1936), p. 77. 63. See 11.58 above. See also Mahmiid Shukri al-Aliisi, Bulzigh al-Arab fl Ma'rifat Ahwdl al- 'Arab (Cairo: 1924), vol. 2, pp. 194-244. 64. Qur' Bn 3: 109 65. See Abii al-Fid2' Ism2'iI ibn 'Urnar ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah wa al-Nihciyah, (Cairo: 1932), vol. 7, pp. 18- 1 13. 66. See 'AIT ibn Husayn al-Mas'udi, Muroj al-Dhahab (Cairo: 1948), vol. 2, p. 33 1. See also ibid., pp. 87-88. 67. Abii Dawiid, Sunun, vol. 2, p. 236. 68. See n. 59 above. 69. Ibn Hanbal, Must~ad, vol. 3, pp. 129 and 183 7 1. This requirement of paying tribute, which represents a symbolic acknowledgement of Islam's ascendancy, is based on the verse 9:29 of the Qur'an. 73. For details see Jawwad 'AIT, Ta 'rikh al- 'Arab Qabi a/-Isldm (Beirut: 1980), vol. 4, pp. 14-15, 438; vol. 6, pp. 34,69,76-81. For further information on pagan and polytheistic practices in the pre-Islamic Arabian society, see al- ~liisi, Bulugh a/-Arabfi Ma'rifat Ahwdl al- 'Arab, vol. 2, pp. 286-300. 74. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 36. 75. AI-~l~si gives an elaborate and comprehensive survey of the religious concepts and rites prevalent among the Arabs which were nullified by Islam. See ibid., vol. 2, pp. 301-366. 76. For a discussion of irtifaqat, see supra, Sections I to VIII.
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SECTION VII The Conduct of Rulers 4
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discharge of duties on the part of
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(ii) Those who manage the civic pol
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THE SOCIO-POLITICAL THOUGHT OF SHAH
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THE SOCIO-POLITICAL THOUGHT OF SHAH
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SECTION X Universal Consensus on th
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THE SOCIO-POLITICAL 1 HOUGHT OF SHA
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theoretical and practical perfectio
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SECTION XI1 The Need for Guides of
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at the culminating point of argumen
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SECTION XI11 The Essence of Prophet
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(viii) If the Divine wisdom wills t
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93. God's argument against His serv
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found, possesses, on account of its
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SECTION XIV The Origin and Essence
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shari'ah of the Prophet Muss (peace
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looks after lands and their yields,
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SECTION XV Causes of the Revelation
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Prophet is like a physician whose a
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its mother's milk amounted, in the
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such change is warranted. Where mul
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SECTION XVI Causes for Impeachment
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and non-Arabs alike. And they all a
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SECTION XVII The Subtle Meanings of
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should be a combination of: (a) an
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148. Noticing exclusively the basic
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SECTION XVIII The Establishment of
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utilisation of opportunities for co
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so that if a notable among them wor
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ule by his. He also declared that "
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SECTION XIX Need for a Religion whi
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mankind to follow that shari'ah. Fo
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(al-khildfah al- 'dmmah), and that
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SECTION XX The Conditions of Jahili
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they render themselves unable to fu
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and transmit His revelations to him
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198. Moreover, this form of wudii'
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sinful acts and explained their ing
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(d) jihad. 209. There arose then th
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SECTION XXI 210. It should be known
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2 18. It is significant that no fur
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guides them toward it, he shall be
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SECTION XXII Judiciary 229. It shou
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237. It should be noted tha; in the
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ased on the Qur'Bnic verse: "And th
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(i) Concealment of evidence, as the
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to their connotations that are gene
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267. The Prophet (peace be upon him
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Page 99 and 100: e upon him) was asked: "Man sometim
Page 101 and 102: month is that since it is a task th
Page 103 and 104: 294. Among these wonderful things a
Page 105 and 106: 300. God says: "Now God has lighten
Page 107 and 108: and the glory of Muslims. It was fo
Page 109 and 110: 317. He should figlit the People of
Page 111 and 112: God, and for thz Messenger, and for
Page 113 and 114: 333. A11 those individuals who are
Page 115 and 116: for anyone before us. It was when G
Page 117 and 118: 345. Therefore, God appointed the p
Page 119 and 120: Notes and References PART ONE 1. Th
Page 121 and 122: Notes and References 285 19. See Ab
Page 123 and 124: Notes and References 287 48. Shah W
Page 125 and 126: Notes and References 289 of a revel
Page 127 and 128: Notes and References 90. Ibid. 91.
Page 129 and 130: Notes and References 293 123. Ibid.
Page 131 and 132: Nores and References 157. Ibid. 158
Page 133 and 134: Notes and References 297 195. In th
Page 135 and 136: Notes and References 237. Translati
Page 137 and 138: Notes and References 30 1 277. Ahma
Page 139 and 140: Notes and References 303 3 1 1. Sha
Page 141 and 142: Notes and References 337. Translati
Page 143 and 144: Nares and References PART TWO 376.
Page 145 and 146: Notes and References 309 416. Ibid.
Page 147: Notes and References 31 1 16. Qur'i
Page 151 and 152: Notes and References 315 94. See Th
Page 153 and 154: Notes and References 317 129. Ibn H
Page 155 and 156: Notes and References 172. Ibn Miija
Page 157 and 158: Notes and References 32 1 in living
Page 159 and 160: Bibliography Abdul Khaliq, M.A. Art
Page 161 and 162: Ibn al-Humam, Kamal al-Din Muhammad
Page 163 and 164: Al-Qalqashandi, Ahmad ibn 'Abd Alla
Page 165 and 166: Index 'Abbgs ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib,
Page 167 and 168: universal paradigm of, 67 Greek tra
Page 169 and 170: inundhir, 40 Muslim community, 85,
Page 171: a/-rajallial-a '?urn, 16, 19 taklll
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Socio Political Thought Of Shah WaliAllah Rahmatullahi Alaihi

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