Socio Political Thought Of Shah WaliAllah Rahmatullahi Alaihi

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112. On the occasion of the conquest of Makkah, instead of handing over the keys of the House of God to his uncle, 'AbbBs ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib, the Prophet (peace be upon him) retained the privilege of having them with their erstwhile keepers. This gesture, according to Shah WalT Allah, was meant to emphasize the egalitarian message of Islam which recognized no exclusive privilege of any family. See, for the details of this event, Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, vol. 2, p. 103. 113. On the installation of the early caliphs, their legitimacy, and the mode of their election see Shah Wall Allah, Izalah, vol. 1, pp. 2-18. See also AbCi DBwCid, Sunan, vol. 2, p. 52 and Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, vol. 2, pp. 185- 188. 1 14. Muslim, Sahih, vol. 3, p. 1481. 115. Ibid., vol. 3, p. 1470. 1 16. Ibid., vol. 3, p. 1569. 117. Amic in this context, is a general term, which stands for any authority validly established within the religio-political order of Islam. 118. Muslim, Sahih, vol. 3, p. 1466. 1 19. Ibid., vol. 3, p. 147 1. 120. Ibid., vol. 3, p. 1477. 121. The termjcihiliyyah has been inaccurately translated by some contemporary writers as ignorance. It has, in fact, been used in the classical literature as the way of life that is an anti-thesis to Islam. The root J-H-L, apart from ignorance, also carries a sense of violence. If the root of Islam is S-L- M (i.e. peace), its anti-thesis should naturally be peacelessness or violence. Jcihiliyyah is thus, an ethos devoid of the compassion and clemency that is characteristic of Islam. For a further exploration of the signification of this term see Farriikh, Ta'rikh al-Jcihiliyyah, passim. 122. Bukh%ri, Sahih, vol. 6, p. 2614. 123. 'Ushr (lit. one tenth part of something) is the 10% compulsory religious tax deducted from the agricultural produce, subject to certain conditions. See n. 23 above. 124. Bukh%ri, Sahih, vol. 2, p. 729. 125. Ibid., vol. 3, p. 1 135. 126. Abii DBwiid, Sunan, vol. 2, p. 52. 127. Ibn Majah, Sunan, vol. 2, p. 775. 128. BukhBri, Sahih, vol. 2, p. 789; see also another tradition pertaining to self candidature in Abii Dawiid, Sunan, vol. 2, p. 50 and BukhBrT, Sahih, vol. 6, p. 2613.
Notes and References 317 129. Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, vol. 4, p. 360. The text of this tradition, as we have been able to locate, contains the word mu~addiq, collector, rather than 'amil (governor), which occurs in the version cited by Shah Wali Alliih. However, this variation in text does not significantly affect the implication in the context of the present discussion. 130. Abii Driwiid, Sunan, vol. 2, pp. 52-53. 13 1. Ibn Mrijah, Sunan, vol. 2, p. 774. For a detailed juridical discussion of the relevant provisions of Islamic law of judicature, see Muhammad ibn . Idris al-Shiifi'i, Kitdb al-Umm (Cairo: 1324 A.H.), vol. 6, pp. 201-79, vol. 7, pp. 2-87 and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-ShaybBni, al-Jdmi' al-Saghir (Karachi: n.d.), pp. 313-31. 132. Ibn Mrijah, Sunan, vol. 2, p. 774. 133. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 776. 134. Bukhiiri, Sahih, vol. 6, p. 2616. 135. Ibn Miijah, Sunan, vol. 2, p. 776. 136. Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, vol. 1, pp. 143 and 150. 137. BukhBri, Sahih, vol. 2, p. 960 138. Ibn Miijah, Sunan, vol. 2, p. 778. 139. Qur'iin 2:282. 140. Ibn Mrijah, Sunan, vol. 2, p. 792. 141. Qur'rin 24:4-5. 142. Qur'iin 24:4-5. 143. Abii Bakr 'Abd AllIh ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Shaybah, al-Musannaf, (Karachi: 1986), vol. 10, p. 58; 'Abd al-Razziiq AbG Bakr ibn Humrim al- San'iini, al-Mu~annaf (Beirut: 1972), vol. 8, pp. 329-32. 144. Qur'rin 2:282. 145. Qur'rin 2:282. 146. Ibn Mrijah, Sunan, vol. 2, p. 793. 147. Tirmidhi, al-Jdmi', vol. 2, pp. 106-10. 148. AbG Bakr al-Jassiis, a leading authority on the legal study of the Qur'iin, while commenting on the verse 2: 282, has discussed at length the provisions of the laws of evidence in the Qur'rin. See Abii Bakr Ahmad ibn 'Ali al-Jassiis, Ahkdnl al-Qur'dn (Lahore: 1980), vol. 1, pp. 494-522; see also Tirmidhi, al-Jdmi', vol. 2, p. 1 10. 149. Qur'rin 7: 106.
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SECTION VII The Conduct of Rulers 4
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discharge of duties on the part of
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(ii) Those who manage the civic pol
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THE SOCIO-POLITICAL THOUGHT OF SHAH
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SECTION X Universal Consensus on th
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THE SOCIO-POLITICAL 1 HOUGHT OF SHA
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theoretical and practical perfectio
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SECTION XI1 The Need for Guides of
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at the culminating point of argumen
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SECTION XI11 The Essence of Prophet
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(viii) If the Divine wisdom wills t
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93. God's argument against His serv
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found, possesses, on account of its
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SECTION XIV The Origin and Essence
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shari'ah of the Prophet Muss (peace
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looks after lands and their yields,
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SECTION XV Causes of the Revelation
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Prophet is like a physician whose a
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its mother's milk amounted, in the
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such change is warranted. Where mul
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SECTION XVI Causes for Impeachment
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and non-Arabs alike. And they all a
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SECTION XVII The Subtle Meanings of
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should be a combination of: (a) an
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148. Noticing exclusively the basic
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SECTION XVIII The Establishment of
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utilisation of opportunities for co
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so that if a notable among them wor
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ule by his. He also declared that "
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SECTION XIX Need for a Religion whi
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mankind to follow that shari'ah. Fo
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(al-khildfah al- 'dmmah), and that
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SECTION XX The Conditions of Jahili
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they render themselves unable to fu
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and transmit His revelations to him
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198. Moreover, this form of wudii'
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sinful acts and explained their ing
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(d) jihad. 209. There arose then th
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SECTION XXI 210. It should be known
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2 18. It is significant that no fur
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guides them toward it, he shall be
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SECTION XXII Judiciary 229. It shou
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237. It should be noted tha; in the
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ased on the Qur'Bnic verse: "And th
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(i) Concealment of evidence, as the
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to their connotations that are gene
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267. The Prophet (peace be upon him
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e upon him) was asked: "Man sometim
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Page 103 and 104: 294. Among these wonderful things a
Page 105 and 106: 300. God says: "Now God has lighten
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Page 109 and 110: 317. He should figlit the People of
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Page 117 and 118: 345. Therefore, God appointed the p
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Page 123 and 124: Notes and References 287 48. Shah W
Page 125 and 126: Notes and References 289 of a revel
Page 127 and 128: Notes and References 90. Ibid. 91.
Page 129 and 130: Notes and References 293 123. Ibid.
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Page 135 and 136: Notes and References 237. Translati
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Page 139 and 140: Notes and References 303 3 1 1. Sha
Page 141 and 142: Notes and References 337. Translati
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Page 145 and 146: Notes and References 309 416. Ibid.
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Page 155 and 156: Notes and References 172. Ibn Miija
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Page 159 and 160: Bibliography Abdul Khaliq, M.A. Art
Page 161 and 162: Ibn al-Humam, Kamal al-Din Muhammad
Page 163 and 164: Al-Qalqashandi, Ahmad ibn 'Abd Alla
Page 165 and 166: Index 'Abbgs ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib,
Page 167 and 168: universal paradigm of, 67 Greek tra
Page 169 and 170: inundhir, 40 Muslim community, 85,
Page 171: a/-rajallial-a '?urn, 16, 19 taklll
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Socio Political Thought Of Shah WaliAllah Rahmatullahi Alaihi

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