Socio Political Thought Of Shah WaliAllah Rahmatullahi Alaihi

SECTION IX
The Fourth Stage of irtviq
62. This section contains the science which discusses the political and
administrative patterns of governors and rulers of states, and the
ways and means of maintaining the relationship between the peoples
of different areas.
63. When every ruler becomes independent in his domain, controls the
collection of taxes, and secures the services of fighting men, the
varying temperaments and different capabilities of the various rulers,
lead to injustice and renunciation of civilised conventions in their
mutual dealings. They start entertaining ambitious desires toward
each other's domain and tend to feel jealous of each other. They
even go to war against one another, being driven to it by immediate
personal interests such as greed for wealth or land, or merely
on account of jealousy and rancour. When such tendencies become
common, people are compelled to instal a khalqah.
64. Khalvah is someone who secures the services of sufficient forces
and commands the support of such large numbers of people that
it is almost impossible for anyone to dispossess him of his office.
Because any thought to do so would involve widespread troubles,
hardships, mobilisation of people on large scale and expenditure of
huge amounts of wealth. Such measures are generally beyond human
capacity and are practically almost impossible. Once a khallJfah is installed
in office, and he sets virtuous patterns of conduct in the land,
subjugates all contenders for power and is obeyed by different rulers,
life is endued with prosperity and contentment. The khallJfah is also
compelled to make preparations for war to protect his people from
the harm which may be inflicted by individuals possessed of brutish