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3. The first university-wide mandate in Europe was implemented at the University of
Minho, Braga, Portugal, in 2005 by Professor António Guimarães Rodrigues, Rector of
the University.
These are followed by the open access mandates of (4) University of Tasmania, (5)
University of Southampton, UK, both institution-wide mandates. We then give the mandates
of three leading US institutions: (6) Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sc i-
ence, (7) Stanford University School of Education, (8) MIT. These are followed by three
funder mandates, viz. (9) National Institutes of Health mandate, which came into force on
7 April 2008, (10) Wellcome Trust, and (11) Research Councils UK. Then comes (12)
the Ukraine Open Access Law, probably the first legislation on mandatory open access
enacted by a Parliament, and (13) the open access mandate of ICRISAT, the first international
research centre to adopt a mandate.
These are not the only open access mandates. What we have given is a select list of
mandates that can serve as models. A summary of worldwide mandates distributed by
type and country is given in Tables 7 and 8.
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