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Cyclone Giri - Two Years On - Burma Action Ireland

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PRELIMINARY REMARKS<br />

Arakan Human Rights and Development Organisation<br />

Arakanese and Burmese Spelling<br />

Arakanese Burmese Arakanese Burmese<br />

Ann Ann Pauktaw Pauktaw<br />

Irrawaddy Ayeyarwady Ponnagywan Ponnag/kyun<br />

Kyaukphru Kyaukphyu Rambray Ramree<br />

Laymro Lemro Rangoon Yangon<br />

Magway Magwe Rathaydaung Yathaydaung<br />

Manaung Manaung Roma Yoma<br />

Marmbra Minbya Sitetway Sittwe<br />

Mraybon Myebon Thandway Thandwe<br />

Amyotha Hluttaw Upper House<br />

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Union Parliament<br />

kyaing-phut government-backed USDA Pyithu Hluttaw Lower House<br />

kyat currency unit shi-kauk household registration<br />

system<br />

louq a pay forced labour State Hluttaw State Parliament<br />

pyi 2.13 Kg (4.69 lb) tatmadaw armed forces<br />

Ya Ya Ka<br />

VPDC<br />

Administrative Organisation<br />

After the 2008 Constitution came into force in 2011, the former 7 Divisions were designated as<br />

Regions (the 7 former States remain States) - Regions and States being of equal status. The Union<br />

is constituted as follows: villages are organised as village-tract; wards are organised as town or township;<br />

village-tracts and wards or towns are organised as township; townships are organised as district; districts<br />

are organised as Region or State. Since 1983 there was no national census, but the number of inhabitants<br />

of each administrative unit is registered in the shi-kauk, checked by police, military, Ya Ya Ka and<br />

USDA. Village/Township/ District Peace and Development Councils are the administrations running<br />

the respective units.<br />

Arakan – Rakhaing - Rakhine<br />

Rakhaing/Rakhaings represent Arakanese person/people and Rakhine (State) represents Arakan (State).<br />

Arracan/Arakan is first quoted in the Livro de Duarte Barbosa (1516). In this report Rakhine and<br />

Arakan are used interchangeably.<br />

Exchange Rate<br />

Due to the vast discrepancy between the official exchange rate of the kyat and the US dollar (1 US$ =<br />

6.5 kyats) and the black market rate (approx. 1US$ = 1,000 kyats at the time of <strong>Cyclone</strong> <strong>Giri</strong>), a rate of<br />

1US$ = 1,000 kyats has been used for monetary comparisons in this report.<br />

vii

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