Cyclone Giri - Two Years On - Burma Action Ireland
Cyclone Giri - Two Years On - Burma Action Ireland
Cyclone Giri - Two Years On - Burma Action Ireland
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PRELIMINARY REMARKS<br />
Arakan Human Rights and Development Organisation<br />
Arakanese and Burmese Spelling<br />
Arakanese Burmese Arakanese Burmese<br />
Ann Ann Pauktaw Pauktaw<br />
Irrawaddy Ayeyarwady Ponnagywan Ponnag/kyun<br />
Kyaukphru Kyaukphyu Rambray Ramree<br />
Laymro Lemro Rangoon Yangon<br />
Magway Magwe Rathaydaung Yathaydaung<br />
Manaung Manaung Roma Yoma<br />
Marmbra Minbya Sitetway Sittwe<br />
Mraybon Myebon Thandway Thandwe<br />
Amyotha Hluttaw Upper House<br />
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Union Parliament<br />
kyaing-phut government-backed USDA Pyithu Hluttaw Lower House<br />
kyat currency unit shi-kauk household registration<br />
system<br />
louq a pay forced labour State Hluttaw State Parliament<br />
pyi 2.13 Kg (4.69 lb) tatmadaw armed forces<br />
Ya Ya Ka<br />
VPDC<br />
Administrative Organisation<br />
After the 2008 Constitution came into force in 2011, the former 7 Divisions were designated as<br />
Regions (the 7 former States remain States) - Regions and States being of equal status. The Union<br />
is constituted as follows: villages are organised as village-tract; wards are organised as town or township;<br />
village-tracts and wards or towns are organised as township; townships are organised as district; districts<br />
are organised as Region or State. Since 1983 there was no national census, but the number of inhabitants<br />
of each administrative unit is registered in the shi-kauk, checked by police, military, Ya Ya Ka and<br />
USDA. Village/Township/ District Peace and Development Councils are the administrations running<br />
the respective units.<br />
Arakan – Rakhaing - Rakhine<br />
Rakhaing/Rakhaings represent Arakanese person/people and Rakhine (State) represents Arakan (State).<br />
Arracan/Arakan is first quoted in the Livro de Duarte Barbosa (1516). In this report Rakhine and<br />
Arakan are used interchangeably.<br />
Exchange Rate<br />
Due to the vast discrepancy between the official exchange rate of the kyat and the US dollar (1 US$ =<br />
6.5 kyats) and the black market rate (approx. 1US$ = 1,000 kyats at the time of <strong>Cyclone</strong> <strong>Giri</strong>), a rate of<br />
1US$ = 1,000 kyats has been used for monetary comparisons in this report.<br />
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