Cyclone Giri - Two Years On - Burma Action Ireland

Cyclone Giri: Two Years On
97 The List of Meteorology and Hydrology Stations under the DMH, Ministry of Transport, contains 115 full time
(Meteorology, Meteorology/Hydrology) stations, 110 rainfall part time stations (Upper Burma 65, Lower – 45),
but 0 rainfall intensity stations. In Arakan State these are the stations’ location (L:latitude; LO: longitude; A:
altitude in m): Maungdaw L 20° 50' LO 92° 21' A 6; Sitetway L 20° 08' LO 92° 53' A 5; Kyaukphru L 19° 26'
LO 93° 34' A 5; Thandway L 18° 28' LO 94° 21' A 9; Gwa L 17° 35' LO 94° 35' A 3; Kyauktaw L20° 51' LO 92°
38' A 3; and Ann L 19° 46' LO 94° 00' A 15. Tin Maung Shwe and Thida Chaw Hlaing, Scoping
Study on Food Security and Nutrition Information in Myanmar, 2011, http://www.foodsec.org/fileadmin/user_upload/
eufao-fsi4dm/docs/Shwe%20TM%20and%20TC%20Hlaing%20%28May%202011%29%20Myanmar%20Food
%20Security%20and%20Nutrition% 20Information%20Scoping%20Study.pdf accessed on 25 Nov. 2011.
98 The DMH receives satellite imageries from geostationary meteorological satellites, US polar orbiting satellites
(NOAA) and less regularly from USSR METEOR satellites. Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Bay of
Bengal and the Arabian Sea, WMO, Technical Document WMO/TDNo. 84, Tropical Cyclone Programme, Report
No. TCP21, 2010, http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/TCP-21.pdf accessed on 27 Oct. 2011.
99 Myanmar provides warnings for the Bay of Bengal area east of 92° E and north of 10° N. Warnings are broadcast
through the Rangoon radio station (call sign XYR). Ibid.
100 Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, WMO, Technical Document
WMO/TDNo. 84, Tropical Cyclone Programme, Report No. TCP21, 2010, http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/
dynamic/TCP-21.pdf accessed on 27 Oct. 2011.
101. The NDPCC and sector wise Sub Committees have to develop preparedness plans for prevention and
emergency response based on the type of disaster. Its primary role is to prepare activities that deal with preventive
measures, early warning, and rehabilitation in the event of a disaster. Tin Maung Shwe and Thida Chaw Hlaing,
Scoping Study on Food Security and Nutrition Information in Myanmar, 2011, http://www.foodsec.org/fileadmin/
user_upload/eufao-fsi4dm/docs/Shwe%20TM%20and%20TC%20Hlaing%20%28May%202011%29%20
Myanmar%20Food%20 Security%20and% 20Nutrition%20Information%20Scoping%20Study.pdf
accessed on 27 Oct. 2011.
102 Messages through radio stations abroad added to the disaster warnings’ effectiveness: BBC Burmese Service, DVB
and Radio Free Asia.
103 NLM, 20;21;22; and 23 Oct. 2010, http://myanmargeneva.org/newseng2010.htm accessed on 21 Oct. 2011. Neither
on 19,20 or 21 was the cyclone mentioned in the “Outlook for the subsequent 2 days”. The NDPCC “Warnings for
preparedness measures against storm” were published on 22 Oct..
104 Hermann M. Fritz, et al., “Observations and Modeling of Cyclone Nargis Storm Surge in Myanmar”, American
Society of Civil Engineers, Conf. Proc. doi:10.1061/41185(417)1, abstract, http://ascelibrary.org/proceedings/
resource/2/ascecp/417/41185/1_1isAuthorized=no accessed on 27 Oct. 2011.
105 “Hurricane Damage Potential”, National Weather Service, http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tropics/
tc_potential_max.htm accessed on 21 Oct. 2011.
106 See subsection “Torrential Rains and Flooding”.
107 “Strong cyclone rumbles into Myanmar”, Cable News Network (CNN), 22 Oct. 2010, http://edition.cnn.com/2010/
WORLD/asiapcf/10/22/myanmar.cyclone/index.htmliref=allsearch accessed on 21 Oct. 2011; “Cyclone hits western
Myanmar”, Indian Broadcasting Network (IBN), 22 Oct. 2010, http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/cyclonehits-western-myanmar/437311.html
accessed on 21 Oct. 2011; NLM, 22 Oct. 2010, http://myanmargeneva.org/
newseng2010.htm accessed on 21 Oct. 2011.
108 “Burma battered by several severe storms”, BNI, 6 May 2011, http://www.bnionline.net/index.php/feature/nmg/
10695-burma-battered-by-several-severe-storms.html accessed on 16 Nov. 2011.
109 U Tun Lwin, “Myanmar Climate Change Watch”, www.tunlwin.com accessed on 16 Nov. 2011.
110 Aye Chan Myate, “Blowing in the Wind”, The Irrawaddy, 25 Mar. 2011, http://www.irrawaddy.org/
article.phpart_id=21010 accessed on 26 Oct. 2011.
111 “Arakan’s Woes”, The Irrawaddy, 25 Oct. 2010, http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.phpart_id=19815 accessed on
12 Nov. 2011.
112 Tin Zar Aung and Ko Ko Gyi, “Delta early warning project almost complete”, MMT, 1-7 Nov. 2010, http://
www.mmtimes.com/2010/news/547/news54724.html accessed on 25 Oct. 2011.
113 Aye Chan Myate, “Blowing in the Wind”, The Irrawaddy, 25 Mar. 2011, http://www.irrawaddy.org/
article.phpart_id=21010 accessed on 26 Oct. 2011. Since 1979 Burma’s only weather radar is located in
Kyaukphru (Station 48071, 19° 23' N 93° 33' E), it is a 10 cm type radar. Although it is not clear, Tun Lwin
probably refers to a Doppler weather surveillance radar, which provides information on the radial velocity and
spectral width of cyclones along with various meteorological, hydrological and aviation data (useful for forecasters
in estimating the cyclone’s center, its intensity and its future movement), whereas conventional radars provide
information only on reflectivity and range data. Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Bay of Bengal and the
Arabian Sea, WMO, Technical Document WMO/TDNo. 84, Tropical Cyclone Programme, Report No.
TCP21, 2010, http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/TCP-21.pdf accessed on 27 Oct. 2011.
114Chan Myate, “Blowing in the Wind”, The Irrawaddy, 25 Mar. 2011, http://www.irrawaddy.org/
article.phpart_id=21010 accessed on 26 Oct. 2011.
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