Cyclone Giri - Two Years On - Burma Action Ireland

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Cyclone Giri: Two Years On Forests and Trees (Bangkok: FAO, 2007), p. 38, ftp:// ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/ag127e/ag127e03.pdf accessed on 23 Nov. 2011. 7 “IRC respond s after Cyclone Giri batters Myanmar”, International Rescue Committee, 28 Oct. 2010, http:/ / www.rescue.org/news/irc-responds-after-cyclone-giri-batters-myanmar-9629 accessed on 23 Nov. 2011; the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) stated that: “At least 1.4 million people are located within the cyclone’s path, with 24,000 people living less than five metres above sea level.” “Myanmar state media mum on Cyclone Giri destruction”, 29 Oct. 2010, http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/news/350131,mum-cyclone-giridestruction.html accessed on 25 Oct. 2011; “DREF Operation Final Report – Myanmar: Cyclone Giri”, IFRC, 18 Mar. 2011, http://www.ifrc.org/appeals/10/MDRMM003.pdf accessed on 8 Dec. 2011. 8 At the time Cyclone Giri struck Mandalay and Sagaing were still “Divisions”, now they are “Regions”, see Preliminary Notes. “Administrative divisions of Burma”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_ divisions_of_Burma accessed on 25 Oct. 2011. 9 People depend on one crop of rice harvested in November – that crop was destroyed by Cyclone Giri in 2010 and again in 2011. “Army Uses Cyclone Victims for Forced Labor”, Narinjara, 16 Nov. 2010, http://www.narinjara.com/details.aspid=2803 accessed on 25 Nov. 2011. 10 The repression of ethnic minority activists in Myanmar, Amnesty International, 16 Feb. 2010, p. 40, http:// www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA16/001/2010/en/183ebaaa-6f76-4d61-952b-8555034d56fd/ asa160012010en.html accessed on 17 Oct. 2011. 11 “Climate Change Vulnerability Index 2011”, Maplecroft, http://maplecroft.com/about/news/ccvi.html accessed on 17 Oct. 2011. 12 See subsections “Socio-Economic Underdevelopment”, and “Healthcare and Education”. 13 “MYANMAR: NGOs cut smoother path in the delta, but challenges remain”, IRIN, 11 Feb. 2009, http:// www.irinnews.org/Report.aspxReportId=82865 accessed on 17 Oct. 2011. 14 “INGO Expenditures in Myanmar”, MIMU, http://www.themimu.info/docs/ MIMU288v02_financial%20tracking%20overview_A3_091116.pdf accessed on 1 Dec. 2011.15 Htet Aung, “Military Security Trumps Human Security in Burma’s Budget”, The Irrawaddy, 9 Mar. 2011, http:// www.irrawaddy.org/article.phpart_id=20901&page=2 accessed on 17 Oct. 2011. 16 A “loving kindness” discourse. 17 “[M]uch of the opposition to the country’s repressive government is actually a product of activists from ethnic minorities, living in areas where particular ethnic minorities form the predominant population.” The repression of ethnic minority activists in Myanmar, Amnesty International, 16 Feb. 2010, p. 8, http://www.amnesty.org/en/ library/asset/ASA16/001/2010/en/183ebaaa-6f76-4d61-952b-8555034d56fd/asa160012010en.html accessed on 17 Oct. 2011; see also Listening to Voices from Inside: Ethnic People Speak, Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, June 2010, p. 299, http://www.centrepeaceconflictstudies.org/fileadmin/downloads/pdfs/Ethnic_People_Speak.pdf accessed on 28 Nov. 2011. 18 “The first monks to march in the 2007 ‘Saffron Revolution’ were ethnic minority Rakhine”, Myanmar’s 2010 Elections: A Human Rights Perspective, Amnesty International, 11 May 2010, ASA 16/007/2010, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA16/007/2010/en/38ec32d1-d538-45df-8359-fd09cbe84373/ asa160072010en.html accessed on 17 Oct. 2011. 19 For instance, the Sitetway-Rangoon Highway, the Sitetway-Ann-Minbu Railway, the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Facility, the Shwe Gas Project, and numerous hydropower dams, see subsection “Socio-Economic Underdevelopment”. 20 2010 Myanmar General Elections: Learning and Sharing for Future, Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, Apr. 2011, p. 61. http://www.scribd.com/doc/59520646/2010-Myanmar-Elections-Learning-for-the-Future accessed on 17 Oct. 2011. 21 The repression of ethnic minority activists in Myanmar, Amnesty International, 16 Feb. 2010, p. 51, http:// www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA16/001/2010/en/183ebaaa-6f76-4d61-952b-8555034d56fd/ asa160012010en.html accessed on 17 Oct. 2011; Listening to Voices from Inside: Ethnic People Speak, Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, June 2010, p. 185. http://www.centrepeaceconflictstudies.org/fileadmin/downloads/ pdfs/Ethnic_People_Speak.pdf accessed on 28 Nov. 2010. 22 Of the 47 MPs in Rakhine State Hluttaw, 35 are elected (RNDP (18), USDP (14), National Democratic Party for Development (2), and National Unity Party (1)) and 12 are military appointees. “State Hluttaw”, Wikipedia, http:/ /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Hluttaw, accessed on 8 Nov. 2011. See also subsection “2010 General Election”. 23 For instance, the Arakanese monk U Ottama led the fight against the British colonial rule. From his monastery in Sitetway, Shwe Zedi Kyaung, the marches launching the 2007 Saffron Revolution started. “U Ottama”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ U_Ottama#cite_ref-by-28_1-0 accessed on 17 Oct. 2011. 24 http://www.bnionline.net/index.php/news/narinjara/11389-arakanese-observe-day-of-the-rice-massacre.html accessed on 26 Oct. 2011. 25 “Mitchell: UK emergency aid to forgotten disaster in Burma”, UK Department for International Development, 15 Nov. 2010, http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Media-Room/Press-releases/2010/Mitchell-UK-emergency-aid-to-forgottendisaster-in-Burma/ accessed on 5 Nov. 2011. 105
Arakan Human Rights and Development Organisation 26 Pamela Gutman, Ancient Arakan, with special reference to its cultural history between the 5th and 11th centuries, PhD thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, 1976, Vol. I, p. 63. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt- ANU20050901.112732/index.html accessed on 5 Nov. 2011. But see Tun Shwe Khine, A guide to Mrauk-U, an ancient city of Rakhine, Myanmar (Rangoon: U Tun Shwe, 1992), p. 21, who mentions the traditional claim that the city existed from BCE 580 to CE 326. 27 Pamela Gutman, Burma’s Lost Kingdoms: Splendours of Arakan (Bangkok: Orchid Press, 2001), p. 41. But see Oung Hla Thein, Rakaing suta-abhidhan (A Dictionary of Rakhine) (in Burmese) (Rangoon: Tak» Lam»º Cape, 1997, p. 29, who mentions CE 327-818. 28 Pamela Gutman et al., Rock art and artisans in the Lemro Valley, Arakan, Myanmar, 2007, http://www.timemap.net/~hudson/Gutman-Hudson2007-RockArtArakan.pdf accessed on 18 Oct. 2011. But see Tun Shwe Khine, A guide to Mrauk-U, an ancient city of Rakhine, Myanmar (Rangoon: U Tun Shwe, 1992) pp. 22-24, who mentions CE 818 -1430. 29 Pamela Gutman, Burma’s Lost Kingdoms: Splendours of Arakan (Bangkok: Orchid Press, 2001), p. 15; and Tun Shwe Khine, A guide to Mrauk-U, an ancient city of Rakhine, Myanmar (Rangoon: U Tun Shwe, 1992). 30 Maung Boon, “The First Burmese War”, Journal of the Burma Research Society, Vol. XIII, Part 3, 1923. 31 Art. 30, 1974 Constitution, proclaims that Arakan Division constitutes Arakan State. 1974 Constitution, Burma Lawyer’s Council, http://www.blc-burma.org/html/Constitution/1974.html#cpt1 accessed on 18 Oct. 2011. 32 U San damuni Bhikku, The Origin and Developmentof Arakanese (Rakhine) Script, PhD thesis, Calcutta, University of Calcutta, 2007, Part III, 50. 33 Ibid. 34 The remaining 40% are split between approximately 35% Muslim and 5% other religions. Mohammed Ashraf Alam, “Marginalisation of the Rohingya in Arakan State of Western Burma”, Kaladan Press, 30 Jan. 2011, http:// www.kaladanpress.org/v3/index.phpoption=com_content&view=article&id=3017:marginalization-of-the-rohingyain-arakan-state-of-western-burma&catid=36:rohingya&Itemid=36 accessed on 18 Nov. 2011. 35 “If we take into account the numerous chronicles, traditions and anecdotes relating to Buddha’s sojourn in Rakhine (Arakan) during his lifetime, it would then appear that Buddhism gained an acceptance in Rakhine (Arakan) during the 6 th -5 th century B.C. But as there is no cogent ground to support this tradition based hypothesis, it would be prudent to infer that the religion had became a dominant creed sometimes during the 2 nd -1 st century B.C.” U San damuni Bhikku, The Origin and Developmentof Arakanese (Rakhine) Script, PhD thesis, Calcutta, University of Calcutta, 2007, 50. 36 U Shwe Zan, The Golden Mrauk-U: An Ancient Capital of Rakhine (Rangoon: Rakhine Thahaya Association, 1997). 37 Maurice Collis and San Shwe Bu, “Arakan’s Place in the Civilization of the Bay”, Journal of the Burma Research Society, Vol. XV, Part 2, 1925. 38 Pamela Gutman, Ancient Arakan, with special reference to its cultural history between the 5th and 11th centuries, PhD thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, 1976, Vol. II, p. 131, https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/ bitstream/1885/.../04chapter3.pdf accesssed on 5 Nov. 2011. 39 Maurice Collis and San Shwe Bu, “Arakan’s Place in the Civilization of the Bay”, Journal of the Burma Research Society, Vol. XV, Part 2, 1925. 40 Maung Boon, “The First Burmese War”, Journal of the Burma Research Society, Vol. XIII, Part 3, 1923. 41 Art. 3, Treaty of Yandaboo, 24 February 1826. “Treaty of Yandabo”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Treaty_of_Yandabo accessed on 25 Nov. 2011. 42 “Second Anglo-Burmese War”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Anglo-Burmese_War accessed on 25 Nov. 2011. 43 “There shall be a Special Division of the Chins comprising such areas in the Chin Hills District and the Arakan Hill Tracks as may be determined by the President.” Art. 196, The Constitution of the Union of Burma (1947), http://www.blc-burma.org/html/Constitution/1947.html accessed on 25 Nov. 2011. 44 “Rakhine State”, Encyclopedia.com, http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-3403702466/rakhine-state.html accessed on 25 Nov. 2011. 45 “Rakhine State”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine_State accessed on 17 Nov. 2011. 46 Other population groups are the Anoo, Bamars, Chakma, Chin, Daingnet, Khami, Khaungso, Linke, Maramagri, Mro, Shandoo, and Thet; not counted as citizens by the government are the Rohingya who numbered about 723,571 (UNHCR Statistical Yearbook, 2009). Precise population figures are not available as Burma has not conducted a nationwide census since 1983. At least 2,000 Chin families from Asho, Sungtu, Laitu, Kawngtu, Hmyo and Mro- Khami sub-tribes were among the cyclone victims. “Hundreds of Chin Families among Cyclone Giri-hit Victims”, Rhododendron News, Vol. XIII. No.V, Sept.-Oct. 2010, 28 Oct. 2010, http://www.pdfdownload.org/ pdf2html/ view_online.phpurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chro.ca%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Ffiles%2FRho dodendron_September_ October_2010.pdf accessed on 18 Oct. 2011. 47 Mohammed Ashraf Alam, “Marginalization of the Rohingya in Arakan State of Western Burma”, Kaladan Press, 30 Jan. 2011, http://www.kaladanpress.org/v3/index.phpoption=com_content& 106
Page 1 and 2:
Arakan Human Rights and Development
Page 3 and 4:
Page 5 and 6:
[ P A R T I ] Arakan Human Rights a
Page 7 and 8:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Arakan Human Righ
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
PRELIMINARY REMARKS Arakan Human Ri
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Giri affected futureless children A
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Table 2.2: 2010 Health Indicators o
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Table 6.5: Relief Effort 1 Month Af
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66: Arakan Human Rights and Development
Page 83 and 84: U Aung Shwe Members of National Lea
Page 85 and 86: s/ [U San Aung Kyaw] National ID Ca
Page 91 and 92: Head of people from the West Stream
Page 93 and 94: 19. [Official Stamp] Arakan Human R
Page 115: Arakan Human Rights and Development
Page 141: Arakan Human Rights and Development
show all

Cyclone Giri - Two Years On - Burma Action Ireland

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?