RADIOCARBON DATES OF PEAT IN UPPER THREE RUNS AND TINKER CREEK ALLUVIAL SEDIMENTS 69
PAUL G. NYSTROM, JR. GMP-13 Description This hole (figure 3) w<strong>as</strong> drilled on Hickson Mill Road in the floodplain of Tinker Creek approximately 1.5 miles west of Kennedy’s Pond. The collar elevation w<strong>as</strong> 205 ft. The Qal w<strong>as</strong> is only 12 ft thick at this site. The interval from 0 to 7 ft is black, wet, gooey ooze with bits of wood and other plant matter. From 7 to 11.5 ft there is brown peat. Sample GMP- 13 w<strong>as</strong> collected from the 7 to 10 ft interval. From 11.5 to 12 ft there is a pebbly grit which marks the b<strong>as</strong>e of the Qal. Interpretation There is only one fining upward sequence in this alluvial section. The radiocarbon date of 11,110+50 yr. B.P. is the age for deposition of the b<strong>as</strong>al part of the floodplain sequence intersected in this hole. Sediments in the upper few feet of the floodplain are, of course, younger since some plant matter is added to the surface each year. The radiocarbon date indicates that this part of the Tinker Creek valle h<strong>as</strong> been relatively stable with virtually no floodplain incision and very little deposition in the l<strong>as</strong>t 11,110 years. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The middle Wisconsinan radiocarbon dates for terrace sediments adjacent to Upper Three Runs (GMP-3; table 1) and Tinker Creek (GMP-12-1, GMP-12-2 and GMP-12-3; table 1) pre-date by 16,000 to 20,000 years the glacial maximum and corresponding low sea level stand approximately 18,000 years ago. The late Wisconsinan date of 11,110+50 yr. B.P. for sediments in the floodplain of Tinker Creek is considerable older than Stevenson’s (1982) oldest date of 4,010+130 yr. B.P. from the Savannah River floodplain. This suggests active deposition in the Savannah River floodplain h<strong>as</strong> occurred more recently than in the headwater area of Tinker Creek. Therefore, aggradation of the valley floor similar to that suggested for the Savannah during the Holocene sea level rise (Stevenson, 1982) did not extend to upper Tinker Creek. Brooks and Colquhoun (1991) concluded the age of the youngest terrace adjacent to the active Savannah River floodplain is approximately 10,000 years b<strong>as</strong>ed on artifacts. Where<strong>as</strong> Hanson and Bullard (1992) proposed an age of 200,000 to 350,000 years for the same terrace b<strong>as</strong>ed on characteristics of the soil profile. Neither of these views correlate well with the middle Wisconsinan radiocarbon dates for terrace sediments along Upper Three Runs and Tinker Creek. This points to the need for more work on the geomorphology of the SRS. Additional dating of terrace and floodplain sediments will lead to a more complete understanding of the evolution of the landscape. Also, pollen analyses of peat will contribute to a sharper <strong>as</strong>sessment of the climatic variations which occurred during the late Cenozoic. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank Kathryn Hanson and Tom Bullard of Geomatrix, Inc., for sharing the radiocarbon dates of the peat. Also, Tom Bullard and S.A. Schumm generously provided literature unfamiliar to me for which I express my appreciation. REFERENCES CITED Brooks, M.J. and D.J. Colquhoun. 1991. Late Pleistocene Holocene depositional change in the Co<strong>as</strong>tal Plain of the Savannah River Valley: A geoarchaeological perspective: Early Georgia v. 19, no. 2, pp. 1-20. Colquhoun, D.J. 1981. Variation in sea level on the South <strong>Carolina</strong> Co<strong>as</strong>tal Plain In Colquhoun, D.J. ed. Variation in sea level on the South <strong>Carolina</strong> Co<strong>as</strong>tal Plain. I.G. C.P. #61. Pp. 1-44. Dowsett, H.J., and T.M. Cronin. 1990. High eustatic sea level during the middle Pliocene: Evidence from the U.S. Atlantic Co<strong>as</strong>tal Plain: Geology v. 18, pp.435-438. Hanson, K.L. and T.E. Bullard. 1992. Quaternary and neotectonic program field trip guidebook. ESAC Meeting. Augusta, Georgia. Newell, W.L., M.J. Pavich, D.C. Prowell, and H.W. Markewich. 1980. Surficial deposits, weathering processes, and evolution of an inner Co<strong>as</strong>tal Plain landscape, Augusta, Georgia. In Frey, R.W. ed., Excursions in Southe<strong>as</strong>tern Geology, v.2, <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> of America 1980 Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia: Falls Church, Virginia, American <strong>Geological</strong> Institute, pp. 527- 524. Nystrom, P.G., Jr. 1990. The original course of the Savannah River, South <strong>Carolina</strong> Upper Co<strong>as</strong>tal Plain: <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 22, no. 4, p. 53. Nystrom, P.G., Jr. and R.H. Willoughby. 1992. The upland unit in the Savannah River Site: distribution, lithology, depositional environment and age: <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, no. 2, p. 56. Nystrom, P.G., Jr., R.H. Willoughby, and L.E. Kite. 1986. Cretaceous Tertiary stratigraphy of the upper edge of the Co<strong>as</strong>tal Plain between North Augusta and Lexington, South <strong>Carolina</strong>: <strong>Carolina</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> Field Trip <strong>Guidebook</strong> 1986, Columbia, South <strong>Carolina</strong>, 82 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. Prowell, D.C. and S.F. Obermeier. 1991. Evidence of Cenozoic tectonism, In. J.W. Horton, Jr. and V.A. Zullo, eds., The Geology of the Carolin<strong>as</strong>, <strong>Carolina</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> Fiftieth Anniversary Volume: Knoxville, University of Tennessee Press, pp. 309-318. Stevenson, A.E. 1982. Geomorphic History of a Portion of the Savannah River Floodplain, Barnwell County, South <strong>Carolina</strong>. M.S. Thesis, Department of <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences, University of South <strong>Carolina</strong>, Columbia, S.C. Stone, P.A. and J.G. Brown. 1981. The pollen record of Pleistocene and Holocene paleoenvironmental conditions in southe<strong>as</strong>tern United States, In Colquhoun, D.J., ed., Variation in sea level on the South <strong>Carolina</strong> Co<strong>as</strong>tal Plain. I.G.C.P. #61 PP. 156-181. 70
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