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W.C. FALLAW, David S. Snipes, and Van Pric
48). As a result of his exploration for limestone, Ruffin published
one of the early reports on geology of South Carolina
(Ruffin, 1843) and was referred to by Hammond as South
Carolina’s greatest benefactor (Mitchell, 1981, p. 48).
The Virginian was an ardent secessionist. He is reported
to have fired one of the first shots a Fort Sumter, perhaps the
one that narrowly missed Abner Doubleday, who is said by
some to have fired the first return shot (Halsey, 1963, p. 29).
Ruffin then traveled north to take part in the first battle of
Bull Run as an infantryman. At the time, he was 67 years
old. A few months after Lee’s surrender, Ruffin, deciding
that he was unable to live under the rule of the “perfidious,
malignant, & vile Yankee race”, shot himself (Mitchell,
1981, p. 256).
Upon the election of Lincoln, Hammond resigned from
the U.S. Senate. His term as governor had also ended on an
unpleasant not when it became known that he had been
indulging in improper behavior with four teenage sisters of
Wade Hampton III (Faust, 1982, p. 241 – 245), Civil War
general, governor of South Carolina from 1877 to 1879, and
U.S. senator, 1879 to 1891.
Silver Bluff is now deserted.
York, 401 p.
REFERENCES CITED
Bartram, William, 1791, Travels through North & South Carolina,
Georgia, East & West Florida, the Cherokee country, the extensive
territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and
the county of the Chactaws; containing an account of the soil
and natural productions of those regions, together with observations
on the manner of the Indians: Philadelphia, 522 p. (not
seen by the authors)
Faust, D.G., 1982, James Henry Hammond and the old South, a
design for mastery: Louisiana State University Press, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana, 407 p.
Halsey, A.H., 1963, Who fired the first shot: Hawthorn Books,
Inc., New York, 223 p.
Harper, Francis (ed.), 1958, The travels of William Bartram, naturalist’s
edition: Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut,
727 p.
Lyell, Charles, 1845, Travels in North America; with geological
observations on the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia:
John Murray, London, v. I, 316 p.
Mitchell, B.L., 1981. Edmund Ruffin a biography: Indiana University
Press, Bloomington, Indiana, 306 p.
Newell, B.W., Pavich, M.J., Prowell, D.C., and Markewich, H.W.,
1980, Surficial deposits, weathering processes, and evolution of
an inner Coastal Plain landscape. Augusta, Georgia: Geological
Society of America field trip guidebook, 1980 annual meeting,
p. 527 – 544.
Ruffin, Edmund, 1843, Report on the commencement and progress
of the agricultural survey of South Carolina: A.H. Pemberton,
Columbia, South Carolina, 120 p.
_____1972, The diary of Edmund Ruffin, v. 1. Edited by W.K.
Scarborough: Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge,
Louisiana, 664 p.
Stokes, T.L., 1951, The Savannah: Rinehart and Co., Inc., New
88