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Missing Targets: An alternative MDG midterm report stakeholders; and enhancing adaptive capacity. The APF is said to be flexible enough to allow countries to use only one or two components, or even to follow components only in part since decisions about how to use this framework will depend on the country’s prior work, needs, goals, and resources. The IPCC (2001) describes the requirements that need to be met for a country to have a high adaptive capacity: a stable and prosperous economy, a high degree of access to technology at all levels, well-delineated roles and responsibilities for implementation of adaptation strategies, systems in place for the national, regional and local dissemination of climate change and adaptation information, and an equitable distribution of access to resources. Great! You can begin to wonder which non–Annex I countries would come up to that standard. Growing concern for adaptation has been boosted by decisions of the Conference of the Parties (COP). The Marrakesh Accords that came out of COP-7 delineated instruments and mechanisms for supporting adaptation. This agreement included the creation of three new funds: (a) The Special Climate Change Fund under the UNFCC for supporting the “implementation of adaptation activities where sufficient information is available”; (b) the Least Developing Countries (LDCs) Fund dedicated to the preparation and implementation of national adaptation programs of action (NAPAs), which “will communicate priority activities addressing the urgent and immediate needs and concerns of the LDCs relating to adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change”; and, (c) the Adaptation Fund set up under the Kyoto Protocol and getting advice from the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) on its operations. Although adaptation to climate change has emerged as a key policy question in negotiations on climate change we have yet to see it addressed forcefully in national policy discussions. This holds true for the MDGs in the sense that it’s not yet a central consideration in national development planning generally. Overall local development plans are still MDG-illiterate and climate-insensitive. To many local government units climate change comes across as esoteric, although they are no stranger to natural disasters. It would take a lot of dedicated efforts to build a desired level of MDG and climate awareness and get local governments to orient and align their development plans along adaptation. That is not to say, though, that development planning at any level cannot be so sensitized. Don’t be surprised if aspects of MDGs or climate change adaptation are already incorporated in development plans even if the LGUs haven’t got the hang of these buzzwords. When LGUs assist farmers to construct water catchments in anticipation of El Niño or La Niña, they are doing adaptation. Climate change is only starting to be fashionable even in NGO circles. In PRRM, people used to joke about it as ‘kinda weird’. But we do programs and projects in areas like coastal resources management, watershed protection and protected areas management, new and renewable energy (NRE), system of rice intensification (SRI) and sustainable agriculture and rural development (SARD), microfinance and local economy, primary health care, community organizing, good governance. These programs are in the territory of adaptation. The greater challenge is how to hew adaptation and MDGs into the mainstream of development planning at all levels, in different places. Building adaptive capacity, or meeting MDG targets, is way different from growing the economy and doing development as usual. It’s about delivering social and environmental justice—a necessary condition for securing our path to sustainability. • References 1. McKibben, Bill. Carbon’s New Math. National Geographic, October 2007. 2. Oxfam International. Oxfam Briefing Paper on Adapting to climate justice 20 March 2007 draft. 3. Philippines Midterm Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals 2007. 4. The Millennium Development Goals: Progress in Asia and the Pacific 2007. Asia-Pacific MDG Study Series. ESCAP/ADB/UNDP. Bangkok. 5. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2007. United Nations. New York. 6. Serrano, IR. Report on Participation in COP-9 in Milan as part of the Netherlands Climate Change Studies Assistance Project. December 2003. 7. Serrano, IR. ADB and Poverty in Asia in Bankwatch, publication of the NGO Forum on ADB (http://www.forum-adb.org) May 2006. Quezon City, Philippines. 8. UNDP/GEF Guidebook on Adaptation Policy Framework 2003. UNDP, New York, NY. 60 S O C I A L W A T C H P H I L I P P I N E S
Missing Targets: An alternative MDG midterm report Facing the continuing challenge of gender inequality and inequity By jessica dator-bercilla* Gender Trends in the Philippines The Philippines prides itself in having led in initiatives of integrating and mainstreaming gender into development planning and programs. Some measures for gender and development express an interesting story. For instance, a tool known as the Gender Equity Index (GEI) developed by Social Watch, which attempts “to position and classify countries according to a selection of indicators relevant to gender inequity and based on internationally available and comparable information,” is a case to point. “GEI classifies 154 countries and * Jessica Dator-Bercilla is a member of Social Watch Philippines-Vizayas. S O C I A L W A T C H P H I L I P P I N E S 61
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C O N T E N T S Key to Acronyms....
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FIES FIVIMS FLEMMS FNRI FP FPIC FRM
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F O R E W O R D The end is near. It
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Table A4: Annual Per Capita Poverty
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