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Real time PCR - European Pharmaceutical Review

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q<strong>PCR</strong> ISSUE 2009<br />

Figure 11: Chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP). In this technique, intact cells are fixed using formaldehyde, which cross-links and<br />

preserves protein/DNA interactions. The DNA is then sheared into small, uniform fragments using sonication and specific<br />

protein/DNA complexes are immunoprecipitated using an antibody directed against the DNA-binding protein of interest.<br />

Following immunoprecipitation, cross-linking is reversed, the proteins are removed by treatment with Proteinase K and the DNA is<br />

purified. The DNA is then analysed to determine which DNA fragments were bound by the protein of interest.<br />

(Adapted from Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Kits, Active Motif North America)<br />

A. Hackelsberger, H. Lippert, and A.<br />

Roessner, Mdm2 gene amplification<br />

in gastric cancer correlation with<br />

xpression of mdm2 protein and<br />

p53 alterations. Mod. Pathol., 2000;<br />

13: 621-626.<br />

5. Ponchel, F., C. Toomes, K. Bransfield,<br />

F. Leong, S. Field, S. Douglas, S. Bell,<br />

V. Combaret, A. Puisieux, A.<br />

Mighell, P. Robinson, C. Inglehearn, J.<br />

Isaacs, and A. Markham, <strong>Real</strong>-<strong>time</strong><br />

<strong>PCR</strong> based on SYBR-green<br />

fluorescence: An alternative to the<br />

TaqMan assay for a relative<br />

quantification of gene<br />

rearrangements, gene amplifications<br />

and micro gene deletions. BMC<br />

Biotechnology, 2003; 3: 18.<br />

6. Yeh, S., Tsai, J. Kao, C. Liu, T. Kuo, M.<br />

Lin, W. Huang, S. Lu, J. Jih, and D.<br />

Chen, Quantification and genotyping<br />

of hepatitis B virus in a single<br />

reaction by real-<strong>time</strong> <strong>PCR</strong> and<br />

melting curve analysis. J Hepatol<br />

2004; 41: 659-666.<br />

7. Bernard, P.S. and C.T. Wittwer, <strong>Real</strong>-<br />

Time <strong>PCR</strong> Technology for Cancer<br />

Diagnostics. Clin Chem 2002. 48:<br />

1178-1185.<br />

8. Stromqvist Meuzelaar, L.,<br />

K. Hopkins, E. Liebana and A.J.<br />

Brookes, DNA Diagnostics by<br />

Surface-Bound Melt-Curve<br />

Reactions. Mol Diag 2007. 9. 30-41.<br />

9. De Preter, K., F. Speleman, V.<br />

Combaret, J. Lunec, G. Laureys,<br />

B. Eusson, N. Francotte,<br />

A. Pearson, A. De Paepe, N. van<br />

Roy, and J. vandersompele,<br />

Quantification of MYC-N, DDX1 and<br />

NAG gene copy number in<br />

neuroblastoma using real <strong>time</strong><br />

quatitative <strong>PCR</strong> assay. Mod. Pathol.<br />

2002; 15: 150-166.<br />

10. Marchbank, N., J. Craig, P. Leek,<br />

M. Toohey, A. Churchill, A.<br />

Markham, D. mackey, C. Toomes,<br />

and C. Inglehearn, Deletion inthe<br />

OPA1 gene in a dominant optic<br />

atrophy family: evidence that<br />

haploinsufficiency is the cause of<br />

disease. J Med Genet 2002; 39: 0-3.<br />

Dr. Frédérique Ponchel<br />

Dr. Frédérique Ponchel currently works as<br />

a RCUK Senior Academic Research Fellow<br />

at the Leeds Institute of Molecular<br />

Medicine at Leeds University. Prior to this<br />

Frédérique has worked at The University of<br />

York as a postdoctoral fellow. Originally<br />

from France, Frédérique studied<br />

Biochemistry and Genetics in Paris.<br />

@<br />

email the author<br />

14<br />

www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com

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