Sau Sakhi - Global Sikh Studies

;" ;kyh

fgnkok f;zzx gdw ouBktbh L
;zy/g f;Zy fJfsjk;, ;qh r[o{ rzqE gqekÙ, d;w rqzE doÙB, r[o{
BkBe ;kro, r'fpzd ;kro, r[o{ xo, r'fpzd f;zx d/ dopkoh
osB, r[o{ ehnK ;kyhnK, gouh gksÙkjh d;th eh, s/r
pjkdo f;wohn, ofjsBkw/, ebkw GkJh Bzd bkb, gqkuhB ;"
;kyh, uko ;kfjp˜kd/, ;kv/ r[od/t, gzi dfonk, gzikph
tkoK, gzikph pkoKwkj/, gzikph wkMK s/ nk;ktohnK, gzikph
izRK, gzikph MrV/, tko;Ùkj, pkpk ;kX{ iB, fjzd[;skBh
ebk, fjzd[;skBh eth, fjzd[;skBh eftsk, gzikph p'bh dk
fJfsjk;, gzikph ;kfjs dh o{g o/yk, r[ow[yh fbgh dk
fJfsjk;, ıbhb fipokB d/ puB fpbk;, ebw d/ uwseko,
ebw d/ XBh (d' Gkr), ;{ch-ekftXkok, jkÙw ouBktbh,
gqf;ZX gzikph, puB ;kJhA b'eK d/, g[ÙgKibh, gzikph
wjkokik, ;kX{ JhÙo dk;, fwo˜/ dhnK ;ZdK, p'b Ù/y ¯ohd,
pkpk tihd, doÙB Grs, gqkuhB gzikph rZd .

gqkuhB
;" ;kyh
;zgkde L
gq'a fgnkok f;zx gdw
f;zx pqdo˜
nzfwqs;o

fgnkok f;zx gdw
ISBN 81-7205-155-7
gfjbh tko 1983
shih tko wJh 1995
u"Eh tko ;szpo 1997
w[Zb L 60-00
gqekÙe L
f;zx pqdo˜, p˜ko wkJh ;/tK, nzfwqs;o
NkJhg;ZNo L
e/a iha rqkf¯e;, 98, f;Nh ;ANo, nzfwqs;o
fgqzNo L
fgqzNtZb, 146, fJzva ¯'eb g[nkfJzN, nzfwqs;o

;wogD
;toki d/ w[ZdJh ;zrqkwhJ/ ;odkoK d/ BK
fiBQK d/
BDK ftu f;Zy oki d/ ;[gB/ bNed/ oj/

sseok
G{fwek
s[oeK dh T[sgsh
eVkj gq;kfd dh ;kiBk
f;ZyK dk egN
fBow'jh Bzd f;zx
itkbk sgZ;h
eg's eg'sDh dh ;kyh
bkj"o f;zx, wkbk f;zx
w[esBkwk
tDiko/ f;Zy dh f;ZyDh
okrh s/ tko r'gh uzd
okrh s/ gkmh
;[ZX gkm
d/th s/ ykb;k
f¯ozrhnK dh T[sgsh
Gftys tke
b/gBh f;Zy B{z ;˜k
d/th dk gq;zr
b'Gh bKroh
dr/pk˜ gjkVhJ/
;dkp/r ÙoD nkfJnk
gjkVh okfinK Bkb i[ZX
u"Xoh dh ejh
bzro nNek ;qkg ;Nek
Ùjhd e"D j <
gfjb f;zx ;[fBnkok
wz;dK dh wzd tos'A
;d/ ıK s/ w/w{ ıK
d:k f;zx, n"ozr˜/p
fJe s[e dk gkmh
epho dh wfjwk
soD dk ;[ykbk wkor
f;Zy dh Ù[ZXh
nBzdg[o dk j'bk
okfJg[o dh ;[nkDh
epho Grs s/ b'Jh
gAd/ ıK gmkD
g{ik dk XkB
bheK eZYhnK w/NhnK
gzwk t˜ho
otkb;o
wkbth gops
ek˜h ;bko[dhB
wod dh dkVQh
tDikok f;Zy
r[ow[y s/ g/Ngkb
GkJh vZbk
skg dk fJbki

ÙoXkb{ wkJh
e[oy/so, wdB BkE
Nfjb-ftj{Dk rZGo{
pdB f;zx
;kyh wjbK eh
gjkVh oki/
uwe"o dh izr
eKrV, GkJh Ùwho
BKd/V, pzdk pjkdo
b'j/ d/ eV/
Gftys tke
Gftys tke
ofjsBkwk
eth r'ÙfN
:Zr dk fBT[Adk
Gftys tke
Ù;sq oZyD dh B;hns
w{osh g{ik
wksk ihs' ih B{z T[gd/Ù
gkoXh (fÙekoh) dh ;kyh
¯eho r[o{ dopko u
uwe"o, ekpbh ;zrs
ÙokXK pko/ uouk
T[iBh f;Zy jfor'gkb
jfor'gkb, fXnkB f;zx
fpÙzGodk;
;" nodk;K
;" nodk;K
;" nodk;K
Bhsh puB
fXnkB f;zx wkiohnk
fJÙBkB dk cb
G{gBkwk (GftZystke)
fpÙpGodk; dhnK BkoK
eth r'ÙfN
eth r'ÙfN
Gftys tke
efbBkwk
efb:[r B{{z f;fynk
ig[ wfjwk
ig[ wfjwk
i[g wfjwk
szpke{ dh fBy/Xh
szpke{ dh fBy/Xh
szpke{ dh fBy/Xh
e/;K dh wfjwk
dkd{ d[nkok
pjkdoÙkj d/ ;tkb
gmkD dk jwbk
r[o{ dh i'sh i'fs ;wkJ/
Grs BDk s/ osBd/T[
nfzsek-ftÙ/Ù Bkwktbh

d' Ùpd
“ıkb;k” noph dk Ùpd j, fi; dk noE j - “pkdÙkj dh
˜whB” T[j G'A, fi;B{z e'Jh wkwbk iK brkB BjhA bK ;edk -Gkt
fJ;dk fJj fe jo soQK dh gokXhBsk s'A nk˜kd j;sh - ıkb;k j,
fJ;B{z ;fsr[oK pkDh dk ftXkB s/ ftbZyD pkD/ dh gSkD fdZsh .
fJj e/;kXkoh s/ d;skoXkoh ıkb;k Ù;sqXkoh th j'fJnk ns/ fJ;B{z
Mzvk s/ Broki th pyÙ/ rJ/, i' gqG{-;Zsk d/ gqshe ;B . whoh s/ ghoh
d/ ;zrw dk Gkt fJj' ;h fe Xow s/ okiBhsh, uVQdh ebk s/ ;opZs
d/ Gb/ bJh fwb e/ uZbD . Xow nzdo{Bh wo:kdk dk ;zukbe j s/
okiBhsh pkjobh wo:kdk dh gfjo/dko, Xow Gko{ j't/ sK okiBhsh
;jh ubdh j s/ i/ e/tb okiBhsh Gko{ j't/ sK Xow B{z th ıokp
eodh j . fJ;kJhnK B/ :{og ftZu Xow d/ BK s/ i' nfsnkuko ehs/
ns/ w[;bwkBK J/Ùhnk ftZu w˜Qp d/ BK s/ i' ˜[bw Ykj/, fJ; s'A
gZSwh ftukotkB fJT[A ;'uD bJh wip{o j' rJ/ fe Xow s/ okiBhsh
tZy tZy jB s/ Xow fJe gqkJht/N uh˜ j, jkbKfe f;tkfJ BhAd d/ j'o
e[M th gqkJht/N BjhA . wB[Zy ;wkie gqkDh j s/ Xow sK Ù[o{ jh fJE'A
j[zdk j fe s[jkvk d{finK gqsh fezBk e[ ;[uZik otZJhnk j . Gkosh
Xow t/; jh ng;kotkdh ;B, i' fsnkr s/ nfjz;k B{z w[Zy eosZt
wzBd/ ;B . Bshik fJj j'fJnk fe fJBQK jZE'A oki-;Zsk y[Z; rJh s/
fJj ;dhnK bJh r[bkw pD e/ ofj rJ/ .
r[o{ ;kfjpkB B{z fJj nt;Ek g;zd BjhA ;h fe pfxnkV, rT{nK
B[z gkV gkV yKd/ ofjD, T[BQK ykb;/ B{z Ù;sqXkoh pDk e/ ftd/Ùh
iotkfDnK Bkb bVkfJnk s/ d/Ù B{z nk˜kd eotkfJnk . ıkb;k
nekb g[oy dh w"i ftZu'A gdk j'Jh, Xowkswk b'eK dh c"i ;h, fi;B/
Xow s/ Bhsh dk ;zrw ou e/ Gkosh ;fGnkuko dh okyh ehsh s/
gzikp ftZu ;[szso oki ;EkgB ehsk . ;wK pdfbnk, fcozrh e{N-
Bhsh B/ f;zxK dk fBÙkB ;kfjp s/ Brkok y'j fbnk, Ù;sq th y'j bJ/
ns/ gzikp fBjZEk j' frnk, gozs{ f;Zy ÙswJh Yzr Bkb ;zrqkw eod/
oj/, E'V/ fuo ftZu jh T[BQK ;fsnkrqfj okjhA nkgD/ Xow n;EkB
nk˜kd eok bJ/ . wjkswk rKXh ih B/ sko G/ih - ““ykb;k ih !

tXkJhnK ! s[;hA r[od[nko/ nk˜kd eok bJ/, fjzd[;skB fJe tZvk
r[od[nkok j, fJ:B{z th s[;K jh nk˜kd eokT[Dk j .”” T[d'A d/Ù d/
B/sktK B{z f;ZyK dk Xow s/ okiBhsh dk ;zrw uzrk brdk ;h . fJBQK
gk;'A jh ;fsnkrqfj dk ;pe f;Zy e/ fJBQK b'eK d/Ù nk˜kd
eotkfJnk s/ f;ZyK fJ; ftZu ;G s'A tZX fjZ;k gkfJnk . nZi id
pj[-;zwsh dh fpnkB ”s/ fJj fpfynkgkBh p/Xow/ b'e oki-;Zsk
;zGkb pm/ sK ;kB{z wZsK d/D bZr rJ/ - Xow s/ okiBhsh tZy tZy
jB, Ù;sq oZyDk mhe BjhA, ps"o f;Zy ;'uDk mhe BjhA, “oki eo/rk
ykb;k” dk gkm fcoe{ rZb j nkfde . u{zfe ıkb;k Ù;sqXkoh j, fJ;
eoe/ fJj nfstkdh j, u{fe fJ;dk pkDk ;G s'A tZyok j, fJ; eoe/
fJj tZytkdh j. fJ; soQK w"i{dk fpgqtkd, b'eszsq s/ e"wgq;sh dk
u/bk gk e/ ;opZstkdh ;[szso ıkb;/ B{z s[fNnkD s dp/b pDkT[D ”s/
s[b fgnk . fJj sK n;h rZb j' rJh, fit/A e'Jh rrBK ftZu T[ZvD
tkb/ pk˜K B{z ej/ fe s[;hA ˜ok G[zM/ jh jZE go w'be/ eo fbnk eo .
fÙek:s j w[M/ :k oZp, y[dktzdkfB wesp ;/ .
;pe Ùkjh pZu'A e', d/ oj/ yA ıkepk˜h ek .
(fJepkb)
fcoekgq;sh ;kvk cb;ck BjhA, ÙoJh b'eK tKC Bk n;hA eZNV
jK s/ BK eZu/ fgZfbnK tK dpV{-x[;V{ . ;kvk fJÙN, Xow-r[o{, Xow
rqzE, Xow-wzdo, ;zrs gzrs, bzro ;G e[M ;KMk j, fJ;/ ;KMhtkbsk
;de/ - eh g{op s/ eh gZSw - d[BhnK d/ e'D/ e'D/ ftzu f;Zy nkgDh
ftbZyDsk dk Mzvk M[bk fojk j . T[j uVQdh ebk ftZu fJ; eoe/ j
fe ;opZs dk Gbk, T[;dk f;XKs s/ Ù"e j . n;K J/; X[o/ s'A T[ZyVBk
BjhA , go Bkb jh nkgDh ;[zsso j;sh s'A th w[eoBk BjhA . ykb;k
gzE fsnkrhnK, tokrhnK s/ ;kXK dk gzE BjhA. fJj ;opb'jh ;zsf;gkjhnK
dh ;Bk j, fi;dk fwÙB ;opZs dk Gbk j, wB[Zy wkso dh
;/tk j s/ okiBhfse Ùesh gqkgs eo e/ th n;K fJ; ;/tk d/ fwÙB
B{z jo soQK ;g{zoD eoBk j .
nmkoQthA ;dh d/ ;zeN-ekb ftZu ıkb;/ B/ iZd'-ifjd Bkb
nkgD/ Xow s/ okiBhsh B{z ;[oZfyns ehsk ;h s/ “;" ;kyh” e[M jZd

sZe T[BQK d/ nkdoÙK dh ftnkfynk eodh ojh ;h . nZi fco f;ZyK dh
nk˜kd j;sh B{z tzrkfonk ik fojk j s/ fJBQK s'A fBokb/ ;fGnkuko
B{z fsq;ekfonk ik fojk j . go n;K fto'Xh gqkg/rzv/ dk fÙeko j' e/
d/Ù-Grsh, e"wgq;sh, ;op-;KMhtkbsk s/ goT[gekoh gozgok s'A
Bkpo BjhA j'Dk, ;r'A fJBQK dh gkbDk eofdnK nkgDh ;twkB g{oB
j;sh B{z poeoko oZyDk j . “;" ;kyh” ftZ T[j ihtB-sZs w"i{d j, i'
f;zxK B{z ÙeshwkB eo ;edk j . ˜o{oh BjhA fe n;hA jo ;kyh Bkb
;fjws j'JhJ/, go fJ; ;kyh-;o'to ftZu n;hnK nzfwqs-p{zdK th jB
i' ıkb;/ d/ nwosk dh ;kyh GodhnK s/ gzEe j;sh dh okyh eodhnK
jB . nkU, fJ; g[okDh g'Eh ftu'A BthA gq/oBk b e/ Bt/A :[Zr tZb
XkJh eohJ/, feT[Afe bkfJe ;zskB jh nkgDh r"ot-rkEk B[z u/s/ eo
e/ nZr/ tXdh j .
pkpkDhnK ejkDhnK g[s ;g[s eo/fB ..
;szpo 1983 fgnkok f;zx gdw
d{ih Skg
gqekÙs eoB ;w/A j'o tX/o/ ;[XkJh eoB dk T[gokbk ehsk
frnk j . gkmeK dk XzBtkd, fiBQK pkeh nÙ[ZX nvhÙBK SZv e/ fJ;
B{z ngDkfJnk .
r[o{ gzE dk dk; -
iBtoh 1986 fgnkok f;zx gdw
G{fwek

“;" ;kyh” fJe n;h tfusq g'Eh j, fi;B/ ;zrqkwhJ/ ;zs-f;gkjh
fBjzr f;zxK B{z T[sÙkjh s/ irkJh oZfynk, BkwXkoh f;ZyK B{z
BfÙnkJh oZfynk ns/ fcozrhnK B{z tys gkJh ofynk . fJj fJe
fe;w dk fwZ;k gqÙkdk j fi;B{z G{s GftZys dk b{D w;kbk gk e/,
fjzdh gzikph dk t/;D obk e/ tkose s/ Szdkpzdh d/ sth T[s/
gekfJnk frnk j, fJ; ftZu ;dkukoe f;Zfynk dhnK johnK GohnK
fenkohnK th jB s/ uwsekoh g/ÙhBr'JhnK dhnK uzfrnkVhnK th
jB, i' edh th i[nkbkw[yh pDB dh ;zGktBK oZydhnK jB . GkÙkJh
gZy s'A fJj fjzdh gzikph dk ;zw/bB j, ;kfjse gZy s'A rZd gd dk
fwÙqD ns/ fJfsjk;e gZy s'A fJ; B/ G{s d/ Bkb Bkb GftZys B{z th
nkgD/ gfjb{ ftZu ofynk j'fJnk j . fJj fJe nB'yh s/ ndG[s
feskp j, fi; ftZu fbyhnK, phs/ dhnK xNBktK fisBhnK
fdbu;g jB, T[;s'A fes/ tZX o'ue GftÙs tke jB . wB[Zy dh,
nkT[D tkb/ eZbQ ;dk tX/o/ fdbu;gh ojh j, ukj/ T[j wzdjkbh
tkbk j't/, ukj/ y[Ùjkbh tkbk, go i/ e'Jh T[; dh gfjb/ ;{uBk d/t/
sK ;q's/ B{z fJj GftÙs-rkEk nfjbkd-g{oD ikgdh j . i'fsÙ Ùk;sq
dk ;kok dko'-wdko wB[Zy dh fJ;/ gqftosh s/ nkXkfos j .
ıkb;k gzE 1699 Jh;th s'A 1799 Jh;th sZe brGr ;" toQK
;[szsosk-;zrqkw bJh i{Mdk nkfJnk j . ;zrqkwhJ/ bJh jo gb fuzsk
dk j[zdk j fe eZbQ eh j't/rk . i' jkb gzikp dk nmkoQthA ;dh ftZu
;h, T[j fJfsjk;d/ gzfBnK s'A ˜kjo j . fJe gk;/ w[rb fJ;B{z
;zGkbD s'A n;woE ;B s/ d{i/ gk;/ fdZbh dh ew˜'oh nt;Ek t/y e/
ncrkB iotkD/ T[s'fVsh jwb/ eo e/ fJ; B{z spkj eoh ik oj/ jB .
d/Ù B{z fJ; d[odÙk ftu'A eZYD bJh f;zx ;{ofwnK ikB dh pk˜h bkJh
s/ T[j fJj' ;dk ;'ud/ fe i' n;hA fJj ;kro wzEB eo oj/ jK, fJ; s'A
Gkr dk nzfwqs ˜o{o Mo/rk s/ fJe fdB dAsK dk ;otBkÙ eo e/,
ykb;k d/Ù dh tkrv'o ;zGkb/rk . f;ZyK dh fJ; wkBf;esk dh
s;tho “;" ;kyh” g/Ù eodh j, i' ;Ekgs ;oeko B{z fNZu ;wMdh s/
nkgDk jo nkjo ;cb ;wMdh j s/ T[BQK B{z r[o{ tkeK dhnK n;h;K
Bkb gogZe eodh j fe T[j nkıo fti jk;b eoBr/ . fJ;/ fJe

Zb B/ “;" ;kyh” i/jh ouBk B{z fJe r˜p Bke s/ ısoBke feskp pD
fdZsk, fi; eoe/ fJ; d/ gq/whnK sK fJ;B{z gVQBk ftukoBk jh ;h s/
fJ;d/ d[ÙwBK B/ th fJ;B{z x'yDk ˜o{oh ;wfMnk . nzro/i ;oeko B/
sK fJ; B[z fje soQK ro-ekB{zBh feskp efj e/ ips th ehsk s/
Bkb Bkb fJ; dk nzro/ih nBtkd eok e/ fJ;dh w{b GktBk B{z
;wMD dk isB th ehsk s/ Bkb fJj th gquko ehsk fe n;b ;"
;kyh sK n;K ep˜/ ftZu eo bJh j s/ b'eK gk; i/ fes/ e'Jh j sK
T[j iknbh iK Bebh g'Eh j, n;b BjhA . T[ZBhthA ;dh d/ nzs ftZu
fJj gquko d' T[u/u/ gqukoe oZy e/ ehsk iKdk fojk . ni/j/ ;oekoh
gqkg/rzvk d/ pkti{d b'eK ftZu “;" ;kyh” gVQB dh o{uh xN BjhA j'Jh,
;r' jo e'Jh fJ;B{z fJXo'A-T[Xo'A b e/ gVQB dk isB eodk s/ fJ;d/
;ztkdK ftZu'A nkgDh wkBf;e ;zs[ÙNsk bZGdk . go J/; gqf;ZXh,
gqkg/rzv/ s/ gZygksh otZJhJ/ ekoB fJj g'Eh dk jkb wzdk j'fJnk s/
ˆbs wbs oZd'-pdb j'D eoe/ fJ; dk ;jh ;o{g bZGDk n"yk j'
frnk .
;kyh-;kfjs
f;ZyK dk ;kyh-;kfjs ;G s'A tZX nwho j . fJj fiE/ gqkuhB
gzikph tkose dk uzrk B{wBk g/Ù eodk j, T[E/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB dhnK
ihtB-xNBktK s/ f;fynktK B{z th o'ue pDk e/ g/Ù eodk j . fJ;
ftu tosh g[okDe Ùbh ns/ eokwksh feqÙw/ fJ;B{z tX/o/ nkeÙe
pDkT[Ad/ jB.
r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp pko/ gzi iBw ;kyhnK pj[s gqf;ZX jBg[oksB
iBw ;kyh, pkpk fwjopkB tkbh r';fN, GkJh pkb/ tkbh
iBw ;kyh, gouhnK GkJh ;/tkdk; s/ GkJh wBh f;zx tkbh iBw
;kyh . r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dhnK ;kyhnK tkbh ouBk “;' ;kyh” jh j i'
tX/o/ gqf;ZX ojh j . B" r[o{ ;kfjpkB pko/ i' ;kyhnK dh tZvh g'Eh
fwbdh j, T[j “gzi ;" ;kyh” j, fJ; ftu ;ko/ r[o{nK d/ ihtB gq;zr
jB s/ GkJh ;zs'y f;zx ih B/ fJ;/ rqzE d/ nkXko ”s/ nkgDh g[;se
“r[ogqskg ;{o:” dh ouBk ehsh ;h .

pj[s/ b'eK dk fınkb j fe fJ;/ “gzi ;" ;kyh” Bkwh tZv/ rqzE dk
fJe Gkr “;" ;kyh” j . “;" ;kyh” g'Eh dh ;kyh Bzpo 95 ftu th fJj
fbfynk j L
;[B' eEk np dZyDh ;kyh tosh ntfo .
;kyh gzi ;" r[o{ eEh, sp j˜{o efj e[zto .
;" ;kyh jw e" j[ew , ;" ekpbh wZb.
w[bskBh ;{o/ dJh, oshJ/ g{op GZb.
;" nkrohJ/ ;{os f;zx, dJh pyÙ efo nkg.aaaa15.
eJh fJ;B{z ;[szso ouBk th s;Zto eod/ jB, eJh d'jK rZbK
dk fwbr'Gk, go fJj ;koh rZb dk g{ok fBoDk sK jh ;zGt j i/ T[j
“gzi ;" ;kyh” tkbk tZvk g'Ek gqkgs j't/, go ikgdk j fe “;" ;kyh dk
w"i{dk o{g TZBhQthA ;dh, f;Zy okiekb dh gdktko j feTAfe fJj
wjkokik oDihs f;zx ;w/A dhnK nB/eK j' phshnK xNBktK B{z
GftZys eEk d/ o{g ftu nzfes eodh j. ;', fJj ;koh g'Eh fJsBh
g[okDh BjhA fe fJ;B{z r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ ;w/A Bkb i'fVnk ik ;e/
s/ Bk jh fJj rZb j fe fJ; ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ w"i{dk yoV/ B{z GkJh okw
e[fJo (1672-1761JhL) d/ BK Bkb ;zpzfXs ehsk ik ;e/ . jK, us[o
fbykoh B/ fJj ˜o{o ehsk fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih T[sw g[oÙ d/ o{g
ftu p'bd/ s/ GkJh okw e[fJo d/ gqÙBK d/ T[Zso fdzd/ eJh GftZys
tke th efjzd/ jB. fJj ;ztkd tkbh rZb e'Jh nDj'Dh th BjhA go
jo gq;zr Bkb fJ;B{z BjhA i'fVnk ik ;edk.
Gkosh gozgok dh fJj wzBh-gqwzBh ohs j fe fe;/ wjKg[oÙ dh
eEk gqwkfDesk bJh fe;/ Bk fe;/ p˜[or d/ w{zj'A nytkJh iKdh j,
fit/ wjKGkos dh ejkDh t/d ftnk; nkgD/ g[Zso ;[ed/t B{z ;[Dk
fojk j, rhsk dk ;ztkd fJ;/ soQK ubdk j fe ;zi:, fXqsokÙNo B{z
fJj tkosk dZ; fojk j . okwkfJD th fJ;/ sohe/ Bkb fbyh rJh j .
f;Zy rqzEK ftu th fJ; ftXh B{z ngDkfJnk frnk j . GkJh ;zs'y f;zx
ih B/ i' r[o{ eEk fbyh j, T[; ftu ;qh BkBe gqekÙ dk gq;zr GkJh
pkb/ d/ w{zj' nytk e/ gqwkfDe pDkfJnk frnk j feTAfe fJj pkb/
tkbh iBw ;kyh s/ nkXkfos j . EK EK f;ob/y -pkbk ;zX[o[ tku .

fJt/A fit/A id'A T[BQK pkeh B" r[o{nK d/ gq;zr SzdpX eo e/ g/Ù ehs/
sK fJ; gq;zrktbh dk nkXko“gzi ;" ;kyh” ;h, fJ; eoe/ fJ; ;ko/ B{z
GkJh okw e[fJo d/ w{zj'A nytkfJnk j . “r[ogqskg ;{o:” dh ;wkgsh s/
eth ih fbyd/ jB fe GkJh okw e[fJo dh Ùy;hns wjkB gops
;wkB j fi; ftu'A fJj r[o{ eEk dh rzrk tfj fBebh j L
;hq r[o eh rkEk ;[G rzrk. Szd T[wzrk T[szr sozrk .
eokwks poBB ifjz ejK . fJj rzGhosk XkoB wjk.
okw e[fJo froto s/ fBe;h . f;yB fpy irs wfj fpr;h. 22.
fJ;/ “gzi ;" ;kyh” dk ndfbnk pdfbnk fJe Gkr “;" ;kyh” j,
fJ; eoe/ gfjb/ fJ; eEk s/ eEsk tesk GkJh okw e[fJo pko/ e[M Bk
e[M ikDBk ˜o{oh j .
“;" ;kyh” d/ eEsk tesk
f;Zy fJfsjk; ftu fJj wzBh-dzBh otkfJs j fe id'A r[o{
r'fpzd f;zx ih gzikp s'A d{o, dZyD ftu BKd/V fty/ i'sh i'fs ;wk
rJ/ sK f;ZyK d/ wBK T[s/ rfjoh T[dk;h Sk rJh . T[dk; f;Zy ;zrsK
d/ Xotk; bJh , GkJh okw e[fJo ih nkgD/ fgzv okwdk; (f˜bQk
nzfwqs;o ) fty/ r[o{-xo dhnK ;kyhnK ;[DkfJnk eod/ ;B s/ nkg
dk ;/te GkJh ;kfjp f;zx fbykoh fJBQK B{z fit/A fet/A Bkb' Bkb
fbydk th iKdk ;h . j'bh j"bh tfoQnK dh xkb pkd fJj ;kyh ;zrqfj
“gzi ;" ;kyh” r[zE fsnko j' frnk . fJj rqzE GkJh ;zs'y f;zx gk; ;h
s/ fJ;d/ nkXko “s/ jh T[BQK ;koh r[o{-eEk fbyh. fra frnkB f;zzx s/
GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk B/ th fJ; rqzE d/ T[sko/ fes/ fes/ d/y/ ;B, go
j[D fJj d[obZG j .
GkJh okw e[fJo, pkpk p[ZYk ih ( 1506-1631JhL) dh pz; ftu'A
;B . pkpk p[ZYk ih d/ g[Zso GkBk ih d/ gZso ibkb ns/ ;otD
;B, ;otD dk g[Zso Mzvk ;h s/ Mzv/ dk gZ[so r[ofdsk . nr'A GkJh
r[ofds/ d/ g[Zso okw e[fJo ih ;B, fiBQK dk iBw 1729 fpL B{z
jfJnk s/ d/jKs 1919 fpL . fJj th otkfJs j fe id'A B"t/A r[o{ dh
Ùjhdh pkd ;qh r'fpzdokfJ ih r[orZdh T[s/ pmD br/ sK r[fonkJh

dk fNZek fBe/ pkbe GkJh okw e[fJo ih d/ fBe/ jZE' jh btkfJnk
frnk . tv/ j' e/ fJj ebrhXo gk; nBzdg[o jh fBtk; oyd/ oj/,
nzfwqs SeD T[gozs nkg dk BK r[opıÙ f;zx j'fJnk . nkg ;dk
nksw no{VQ nt;Ek ftu w;s nbw;s ofjzd/ . fJe tko wksk
r[ioh ih d/ g[ZSD s/ fe ;[ywBh ;kfjp ftu i;/ pqjw frnkBh dk
fusq fdsk frnk j-t;k e'Jh f;Zy j< sK d;w r[o{ ih B/ GkJh
r[opıÙ f;zx tb jh fJÙkok ehsk ;h . r[o{ ;kfjp id edh fÙeko
iKd/ sK nkg B{z Bkb b e/ iKd/ ns/ nkg j/wÙk bZsK fJe gk;/ eo d/
x'V/ dh ;tkoh eod/ . ;fsr[oK d/ dZyD tb i'sh i'fs ;wk ikD pkd
nkg nkgD/ Bro-okwdk; ofjzd/ oj/ s/ f;Zy ;zrsK nkg gk;
nkT[AdhnK ofjzdhnK s/ nkg ;dk r[o{-xo d/ gq;zr ;[Dk e/ ;G B{z
Xhoi fdzd/ . nkg dk ;/te GkJh okwk ;h, nkg pj[sk T[;/ “s/ fBoGo
eod/, fJE'A se eJh tko gqÙkd SeD T[gozs g/N B{z jZE bk e/ jZ;d/
jZ;d/ efjzd/-@d/y GkJh okfwnk! eh okwdk; e/ oZi rJ/ jB fe BjhA

fJ; s'A pkd f;ZyK T[s/ Gkoh dwB-uZeq ufbnk, ıkB pjkdo
˜eohnk ıK s/ who wzB{ B/ pj[s sÙZdd ehs/ . fco nfjwdÙkj
npdkbh d/ jwb/ Ù[o{ j' rJ/ s/ gzikp T[s/ eJh w[;hpsK nkJhnK .
nkg fJj ;G e[M nZyhA t/yd/ oj/ iK nZyh t/yD tkfbnK gk;'A ;[Dd/
oj/ . id edh th T[j fJj ;ke/ ;[Dd/ sK ¯ehoh ozr ftu fJj' puB
eod/ fe ıkb;k fJe fdB ˜o{o fti gkt/rk . eJh tko T[j r[o{
;kfjp d/ nky/ puBk B{z d[jokT[Ad/ s/ f;Zy ;zrsK B{z Xotk; pzBQkTAd/ .
T[j sqekb do;h ;B s/ T[j fJj d/y oj/ ;B L
oki eo/rk ykb;k nkeh ojfj B e'fJ .
ı[nko j'fJ ;G fwbAr/, pu/ ÙoD i[ j'fJ .
okwdk; Bro d/ br/ BD/ dk e'N j, fiE/ fe 1761 Jh;th ftu
nkg B/ ;oho fsnkfrnk, T[E/ ;[zdo ;wkX pDh j'Jh j s/ nkgd/ nzsw
gq;zr B{z “;" ;kyh” dh nkıoh ;kyh ftu nzfes ehsk frnk j.
GkJh okw e[fJo d/ ;g[Zso GkJh w'jo f;zx ;B, fiBQK B{z pkp/
nkb/ dh bVeh phph goXkB ftnkjh j'Jh ;h.
“;" ;kyh” dk fbykoh
J/; ;kyh dk fbykoh i;k fe jo ;kyh ftu fdsh ;{uBk s'A gqrN
j, GkJh ;kfjp f;zx j . fJj e[M no;k ÙkfJd r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih
gk; nBzdg[o th fojk ;h s/ fgS'A fJ; B/ GkJh okw e[fJo ih d/ ;/tk
ftu ;wK r[˜kfonk. fJBQK d'jK rZbK dk f˜eo w[ZYb/ d'jfonK ftu
nzfes brdk j L
;kfjp f;zx gd ;oB s[fj, fby/ fbykoh rqzE .
r[o nB[uo p[ZY/ e[bB, okw e[zto ;[y gzE. 2 .
oj j˜{o d;t/A r[o{, eo/ T[efs i[ tke.
r[o osB wkb g'Eh fby'A, fiT[A r[o ehB' tke . 4 .
don;b “gzi ;" ;kyh” dh g'Eh fbyD tkbk GkJh ;kfjp f;zx
jh j, fit/A fe pkpk fwjotkB dh fBrkBh ftu e/;'dk; B/ “;" ;kyh”
Bkw dh g'Eh fJ;/ ftu'A tZy pDkJh rJh, go T[; dh ftbZyDsk fJj
;h fe T[; ftu 15-20 ;kyhnK BthnK gkJhnK rJhnK, ık; eoe/

Szdkpzdh tkbhnK s/ e[M tkose tkbhnK th, fit/A fe 96 Bzpo ;kyh
.
fJ; nvhÙB dh fsnkoh eoB tkbk fbykoh ÙkfJd wEok
dk; pqkjwD ;h feTAfe gfjbh ;kyh s'A th gfjbK w[ZY ftu G{fwek
ti'A i' d'jo/ jB, T[BQK ftu fJ; dk Bkw j L
r[o j˜{o wEok fpgq, jkfE i'fV efj:' J/j[.
;fsr[o GkDk ;wM efo, g{Sh eoBh e/j[ .9 .
17thA ;kyh ftu fco fJj Bkw nkfJnk j L
wEok fw;o fwb fiT[A f;y . d/y jw r[o{ fYr jh fby .
99thA ;kyh ftu th fJj Bkw fwbdk j L
;[nk; mfjokt BkfG xfo, T[m s[ozrh Ui .
Bkw GiB eh i[rfs fJj, wEok pyÙh w"i .
gfjbhnK 50 ;kyhnK ftu'A 15 s/ 17 Bzpo ;kyh fJ;/ wEok dk;
dh feos j s/ fgSb/ Gkr ftu fJ; tX/o/ ;kyhnK obkJhnK jB .
nkıoh ;"th ;kyh ftu fJj fbfynk j fe fJj BkokfJD dk; B/ gkJh
;h . fJj rZb n;hA fJE/ sK nkyh j fe e'Jh gkme ;koh “;" ;kyh” B{z
;kfjp f;zzx dh fbys jh Bk wzB/, ;r'A fJ; ftu tkX/ xkN/ eoB tkbk
EkB/;o tk;h fJj wD d[nkphnk wEok dk; pqkjwD th j .
“;" ;kyh” dk ouBk-ekb
“;" ;kyh” dh gfjbh ;kyh, gzikjthA s/ nzsbh ;"thA ;kyh ftu
1791 fpL ft;ky, 1791 fpL 3 i/m s/ fJeh; fpL ;zws fdsk j'fJnk
j, fJ; s'A eJh nB[wkB eod/ jB fe fJj ouBk ÙkfJd fJBQK ;kbK dh
feos j . ;zGt j, “gzi ;" ;kyh” ;zg{oB j'Dk dk fJj' ;kb j't/ b/feB
“;" ;kyh” d/ w"i{dk o{g Bz{ fJ; ekb dk wzB ;eDk ;zGt BjhA . gfjb/
sK fJj e'Jh fotki BjhA fe fbykoh fszB EK ;zws doi eo/, nkfd iK
nzs ftu fJe/ EK ouBk-ekb fdsk iKdk j . Bkb/ “;" ;kyh” e/tb
“gzi ;" ;kyh” ftu'A eZfYnk fJe Gkr th BjhA, pbfe fJj sK fJe soQK
tXkJh xNkJh fJe BthA g'Eh j . ÙkfJd 14-20 iK fJ; s'A tZX
GftZys tkeK tkbhnK ;kyhnK tXk e/ f;Zy oki ;w/A fJ; B{z “;" ;kyh”

dk w"i{dk o{g s/ Bkw d/ e/ gqubs ehsk frnk j't/ . ;"thA ;kyh ftu
;k¯ fbfynk j fe fJj BkokfJD dk; fwÙo B/ gkJh j, 99thA ;kyh
ftu fJj ;ze/s j fe n;K fJsBhnK ;kyhnK (99) jh fbyDhnK ;B s/
j[D fJe ;kyh Xow e'N tkb/ BD/ ykso oyh j i' fe okw e[fJo dk
Grs ;h .
;kyh ;" fJe T{B eh, ejh f;Zy ;[o frnkB .
;kyh J/e ;fsr[o oyh, BD/ j/s[ ;[ikB . 19.
id n;hA fgS/ gzikjthA ;kyh dh ;wkgsh s/ B˜o wkod/ jK sK
T[E/ fbfynk j fr nr/ j'o 49 ;kyhnK ejhnK ikDrhnk .
gzuk; ;kyh ofttko fdB, j[D fÙeko eh p/o .
J/e sq gzi d; sh;,Gbe/ ejA ;t/o .4.
fJ; s'A ˜kjo j fe fJj rZb BjhA fe nzs ftu BkokfJD dk;
fwÙo B/ fJe ;kyh tkX{ gk fdsh, ;r' xkVs fJe/ us[o fbykoh dh j
. fJ; xkVs dk gVdk fJe otkfJs s'A th Gbh-GKs T[m iKdk j .
otkfJs fJj j fe fe;/ ;w/A r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih wfjbK ;w/s EkB/;o
gzv/ okwdZs d/ g[Zso wBhokw d/ xo mfjo/ ;B s/ T[BQK gq;zB j' e/ fJj
g'Eh s/ gzi rqzEh T[; dh GD B{z gqdkB ehsh ;h . fJj ;koh ebgBk
nkgD/ nkg fBokoEe j; iKdh j id'A fe g'Eh ftu fdsk ;zws 1791
iK 1791 fpL j . i/ r[o{ ;kfjp EkB/;o nkJ/ th j'Dr/ sK fJj rZb
1760 fpL s'A gfjbK dh jh j' ;edh j . ;', fJj rZb pDdh BjhA .
bzwh uouk ftu gD s'A gfjbK n;hA fJE/ e[M f;Zy ftdtkBK dh okfJ
nzfes eoBk ˜o{oh ;wMd/ jK .
“;" ;kyh” s/ f;Zy ftdtkB
1a frL frnkB f;zx
frL frnkB f;zx ih B/ otkfJs fJT[A doi ehsh j L
J/; wBhokw gzv/ (;g[Zso okw dZs) d/ xo, r[o{ e/ wjb fi;
irQk oj/ ;h, T[E/ Gh r[o{ n;EkB j . J/; dh GD pkb ftXtk B/ wksk
ih dh pj[s ;/t/ ehsh . T[BQK ı[Ù j' e/ gzi rqzEh g'Eh T[; B{z fdsh .

fJe ;kyhnK dh, i' dbhg f;zx tkbh T[xh j . i' T[j woB brh,
nkgDh mke[o g{ik ;w/s fJe nkb/ ftu pzd eo rJh . ;' 1972 fpL B{z
wBhokw d/ g'so/ ;"bh fwÙo B/ wekB w[[V e/ pDktD bJh ezX YkJh sK
ftu'A mke[o g{ik s/ g'EhnK fBeb gJhnK . UB ;odko nwo f;zx
f;zxkg[ohJ/ B{z fdykJh, T[; B/ “;" ;kyh” dh g'Eh fbyD tk;s/ p{VhJ/
BZEk f;zx fbykoh gk; G/i fdsh sK fszB T[sko/ j' rJ/ fiBQK ftu'A
fJe wjkoki/ oDihs f;zx gk; g[ih . T[E/ okw f;zx eZe/ B/ noE
;[DkJ/ s/ fejk fe ;zws p[oi ftu nzro/˜h sw{o ti/rk . wjkoki/
pjkdo B/ T[;/ ;kb ebeZs/ s'A nzro/˜h tkik wzzrtk e/ ;zwB p[oi
T[s/ titk fdsk. Gkt/A UB, ÙrB s/ r[o{ ek j[ew g{ok eo fdsk, go
J/j eh ıpo ;h fe i' J/E/ r'o/ jh fBtk; eoBr/ . ;r'A ;kyhnK ftu
dbhg f;zx dh pjkÙkjh ekfJw j'Dh ;[D e/ wjkoki/ B/ nkgD/ nZmt/A
g[Zso dk Bkw jh dbhg f;zx oZy bhsk fi;dk cb T[bNk j':k .
dbhg f;zx pkdÙkj j't/rk, J/j' noE eoB pdb/ okw f;zx eZe/ B{z
wjkokik Ù/o f;zzx B/ r'fpzdrVQ d/ feb/Q ftu ed eo fdZsk ;h s/ okDh
fizdK B/ ;tk bZy dh ikrho d/Dh fby fdsh ;h . j[D wBhokw gzfvs
dh ;zskB ftu'A pk;d/t i'sÙh EkB/o; ftu j.
stkohy r[o{ ykb;k, gzBk 942
GkÙk ftGkr , d{ih nvhÙB (1970 JhL)
fJe g[okDh jZE fbys “;" ;kyh” d/ nzs ftu fJT[A fbfynk j L
G{s Gftys r:kBtkB, ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx.
i' tosrh ;' fbyh, gVQA gzE e/ f;zx .11.
;kyh r[gs r[o{ Xoh, e[oy/so e/ wkfj.
fJe ;" nmZsh po; br, ikBh feBj{z Bkfj . 12.
j[ew r[o{ ek gkfJ g[B, EkB/;o e/ wkfj.
fJe pqkjwD e/ xo j[sh, gqrN eoh g[B sKfj .13.
2a ;o nso f;zx
;o nso f;zx Gd"V tkb/ uzr/ ftdtkB y'ih ;B, T[BQK ;o
bgb frqcB, ;eZso gzikp ;oeko dh gq/oBk s/ ;zB 1976 JhL ftu “;"

;kyh” dk nzro/˜h soiwk eo e/ pBko; s'A SgtkfJnk ;h . T[j fJ;
g'Eh dh n;bhns d;d/ jBL
““w[M/ :/j feskp ;zws1793 eh fbyh j{Jh fwbh fi; e' v/Y ;"
;kb j[nk j aaaaaa wD d[nkp e/ f;Zy'A e' :/j feskp cbh, T[;h w"e/
;zws 1892 e/ brGr GkJh GrtkB f;zx Ùfj˜kdg[ohJ/ rqzEh B/ J/e
chb wkdk, J/e pk˜ n"o :/j feskp ;kyh eh s'jck wjkokik oDihs
f;zx e' G/ih ip fe tj dhBk Bro fÙeko w/A EK, tjK jh T[;e' g/Ù
j{Jh .””
““wB/ ;kyhUA eh gVskb eoBh Ù[o{ eh . n"o nZtb y'i fJB e/
ikoh j'B/ ek ;zws 1894 (1837 JhL) ;wMk r:k, feT[Afe f:j ;kyh
J/e pqkjwD e/ xo ;/ EkB/;o w/A, fi;ek Bkw BokfJBdk; Ek,
BkokfJBdk; eh n"bkd EkB/;o w/A j n"o nzÙ ;qh okw eh efjbks/ jA -
T[;eh n"bkd ;/ ˜kjo j{Jh . n"o T[;B/ nkgB/ ck:d/ e' f;y'A w/A cbkJh
. fi; tes nwo f;zx f;zxkg[ohnk ek:w Ek, T[;B/ fJ; g[;se eh
fJt˜ T[B pqkjwD'A e' ikrho dh n"o nkgBh w˜Qph feskp ;wM eo
fJ; e' cbk:k . pV/ Ù"e ;/ f;y'A B/ f:j fbyh ””.
(stkohy f;ZX{ p/okVK t ykBdkB c{b)
3 GkJh tho f;zx
fJ; g'Eh dh w[skfbnk d;dh j fe fJ; ftZu nB/eK ;kyhnK d/
n;bh j'D dh Mbe j . e[M eZN e/ pBktNh gkJhnK jB, e[M fBohnK
pBktNh jB. aaa ;kvk Gkt e/tb fJzBk j fe j[D tkb/ B[;y/ ftZu
nky/g j' ikD ekoB ;koh B{z ;Kr' gKr n;bh s/ ;kv/ GftZys tkeK
B{z, i' fJ; ftZu nkJ/ jB, ;fsr[oK d/ T[ukfos ;wM e/ G[ZbK ftZu g
ikJhdk j, feTAfe n;b s/ nky/g fJ; ftZu fJTA[ obrZv j' rJ/ jB
fe fBy/VB/ nfs efmB jB .
;kB{z y'i eofdnK fJj th gsk brk j fe ;uw[u “;" ;kyh” i'
gfjbK ;h, T[;B{z s'V GzB e/ BthA ;kiBk ;kih rJh ;h, fi; dk
t/otk fJj j .

““;ojzd d/ cs/rVQ ;kfjp d/ rzqEh f;zx GkJh feÙB f;zx ih “;"
;kyh” d/ ;[bMkT[ eoB ftu nkgD/ ;w/A ftu uzr/ f;nkD ;wM/ iKd/
;B . Ù'e j fe nkg e[M wjhB/ j'J/,85 e[ po; dh T[wo ftu ubkDk
eo rJ/ . nkg B/ e[M po; j'J/ “;" ;kyh” pkps jkb df;nk ;h, fi;B{z
;[DB tkfbnK ftu gfNnkbk jkJhe'oN d/ fJe iZi th ;B . nkg B/
df;nk fe wA “;" ;kyh” d/ noE 1964 fpL ftu GkJh jofds f;zx ih
s'A npub Bro ftu gVQ/ ;B , i' T[; t/b/ yk;/ fpoX ;B . nkg B/
fJj th df;nk fe GkJh jofds f;zx ih B/ T[BQK B{z df;nk ;h fe T[j
itkB ;B, T[; t/b/ fJe wzvbh fijh pDh ;h fi; ftu fJe ;ZiD sK
f;Zy ;B- r[owy[ f;zx Bkw eoe/ , fJe fBjzr th ;B-nbp/b f;zx
Bkw ;h. d' pqkjwD s/ fJe d/tk f;zx eoe/ ;ZiD ;h . pqkjwD fJe
tv/ok, fJe S[N/ok ;h . T[; t/b/ T[es ;ZiDK B/ pj[s ;kohnK ;kyhnK
fgSbh “;" ;kyh” ftu'A eZYhnK s/ BthnK gkJhnK . tv/o/ gzfvs ih B/
pj[s e[M pqkjwDh ws dhnK rZbK g[nkJhnK ;B . GkJh feÙB f;zx
ih B/ df;nk fe i' “;" ;kyh” j[D Sgh j'Jh j , T[;dk T[; g'Eh Bkb'A
th, i' T[go fby/ nky/g s/ wro'A pDh ;h s/ i' T[BQK B/ GkJh jofds
f;zx s'A gVQh ;h-u'yk ¯oe j.””
fJj fbysh fpnkB ;L wkB f;zx iZi gfNnkbk jkJhe'oN B/ 25
nes{po 1931 JhL B{z foekov ehsk ;h s/ GkJh tho f;zx ih
nzfwqs;o gk; ;h .
(gq;sktBk, r[ogqskg ;{oi rqzE)
4a GkJh ekBQa f;zx BkGk
“;" ;kyh” fJj fJe gqf;ZX g'Eh j fi; ftu gfjbK ;" ;kyhnK ;B
go j[D tXhe d/yhnK iKdhnK jB no ebwh g'EhnK d/ nkg' ftuh
gkm BjhA fwbd/ . fesfBnK dk fınkb j fe fJj ;kyh ebrhXo dh
ouBk j go fJ;dh eftsk gqrN eodh j fe fJj fe;/, ;kXkoD
ftd:k ns/ ;wM tkb/ f;Zy dh ebw s'A fbyh rJh j .
;kyh s'A gkfJnk iKdk j fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ i' eEk
gq;zr GkJh r[opıÙ f;zx ih (okw e[zto) B{z ;[DkJ/ , T[jh T[BQK B/
fbykoh ;kfjp f;zx s'A fbytkJ/ . GkJh ;zs'y f;zx B/ Gh r[ogqskg

;{o: dh eEk fJ;/ d/ nXko s/ fbyh j ns/ GkJh ;zs'y f;zx B/ ;" ;kyh
d/ nB/e gq;zr nkgDh eftsk ftu pdb e/ fiTA[ e/ fsT[A fby fds/
jB. e{e/ f;Zy, ;" ;kyh B{z T[jh doik fdzd/ jB i' fjzd{ ;wki ftu
GftÙ:s g[okD B{z fdsk iKdk j no nkgDh p[fX nB[;ko gj/bh tKC
ej/ rJ/ tKeK d/ nB/e noE bk e/ fdb goukfJnk eod jB .
;odko ;o nso f;zx oJh; Gd"V dh okfJ j fe fi; t/b/
eÙwho dk fJbkek wjkokik izw{ B{z nzro/˜ ;oeko B/ o[g:/ pdb/
fdsk j, T[; ;w/A fJj g'Eh fbyh rJh j . fJ;/ bJh T[; ftu tke j L
d;/ p/u efo ikfjz fcozrh. rki ˆ' sp w'o G[izrh . (;kyh 85)
(wjkB e'Ù, d{ih nvhÙB, gzBk 176)
T[go'es fpnkBK ftu gqubs otkfJs s/ fJfsjk;e sZE d'jK
dk uouk j go fJBQK ftu Y/o nzso j, Gkt/A b/yeK B/ nkgD/ ftuko
d/ fds/ jB, gozs{ fJ;dk ouBk-ekb fco th ;gZÙN BjhA . n;hA
ikDd/ jK fe GkJh okw e[fJo ih dk 1761 Jh;thA ftu d/jKs j'
frnk ;h . ;', fJj ;kyhnK T[BQK nkgD/ ÙoXb{nK B{z gfjbK jh
;[DkJhnk j'DrhnK s/ T[BQK d/ fbykoh GkJh ;kfjp f;zx B/ th fby
bJhnK j'DrhnK , go u{zfe “;" ;kyh” fty nB/eK n;hnK xNBktK
nzfes jB i' fJ;B{z nZr/ b iKdhnK jB, fJsBk g[oksB BjhA ofjD
fdzdhbK . fJ;dk ;gZÙN jZb fJj' j fe n;hA fJj wzBhJ/ fe “;" ;kyh”
dh pj[sh ;kwZroh sK “gzi ;" ;kyh” tkbh j noEks 75-80 ;kyhnK
g[okDhnK jB, go i' 15-20 ık; eoe/ Gftys tkeK tkbhnK
;kyhnK fgS'A gkJhnK rJhnK jB, T[BQK dk ouBk-ekb f;Zy oki dk
˜wkBk j s/ w"i{dk “;" ;kyh” tkbk o{g T[ZBhthA ;dh d/ wZX ekb d/
bkr/-ukr/ pfDnk f;ZX j[zdk j .
nzdobhnK rtkJhnK
(1) ;kyh Bzpo 57 ftu Bkdo Ùkj d/ jwb/ s'A w[ˆbK d/ G-Ghs
j'D dk uouk j, fJj uouk j, fJj jwbk 1796 fpL (1739 JhL )
ftu j'fJnk ;h, fJ;B{z 1797 fpL ftu fetA nzfes ehsk ik ;edk j L
wkoA wo pj[s fdB phs/ . nktk Bkdo w[rb'A Ghs/ .

sK ghS/ ;[ZRh G{ j'Jh . wkbe jw e' fdy Bk e'Jh .14.
(2) ;kyh BzL 15 ftu gmkDh jwfbnK tb ;zze/s jL
itB ezXkoh nktfj iKfj. :k fpfX d/; T{io ;G rKfJ .
;kyh BzL 100 ftu sK nfjwdÙkj npdkbh d/ nkT[D dk
;gZÙN T[b/y j L
nfjwd nk:k ekpbh, rJ/ b'r ;G ;b .aaaa. 3. :k
frbik vo j{nk gzikp . Xow e'N b/ rJ/ ;wki .
;kyh BzL 99 ftu nzfes j L
nfjwdÙkj nkt ip jw p[bkt d/t .aaaa.16.
(3) 57thA ;kyh ftu f;ZyK dk gzikp B{z fti eoB dk ;ze/s j L
p'b/ f;Zy ihsA gzikpk . ghS/ i/jbw Bkek pkrk .
d[nkpk ;sb[dq eh gkok . wkbt ihs izrb gr Xkok .
fJ; soQK 59 BzL ;kyh ftu f;Zy oki dh uVQdh ebk dk uouk j l
ykdo bkdo ;kro/ phu eoAr/ oki .
fdZbh fNe Bk oki f;Zy r[o BkBe pyÙh ;ki .7.
aaaawkbt eot iKrbh wkMk gops nNe .
eÙwhoh Ujz;g[o, wbe g[o wA ;Ne .13.
fgÙ"o ibkbk ekpbh b/t/Ar/ iT[ e/; .
sp ykb;k ;zfX d[o fdZbh e/ ;G G/; .14.
57 Bzpo ;kyh ftu nzfes j L
J/e nekb uj{z fd; M{b . gÙuw[ nNe gko bV e{b .24.
82 thA ;kyh ftu th fJj' rZb nkyh j L
aaaa ekj{z d/; dkw b G/N . ekj{z fbnkT{A oki ;w/fN.41.
r[o BkBe ih ijK t rJ/ . eoh cehoh d/;B tJ//.
;' ;' d/; oki Xo ihs'A . tX ykb;k b'r gqshs'A .42.
64 Bzpo ;kyh ftu wjkokik oDihs f;zx tb ;k¯ fJÙkok j L
f;Zy jwko/ j'fJAr/, xfo xfo j'fJrk oki .

sK ghS fJe f;Zy ww[ Xo gzE eh bki.9.
wo/rk e[; Bro[ e' fJzd/qfis pv s˜ .
sKe/ ghS/ i[X j'fJ, xfo xfo bV Bo/Ù .10.
pj[ fdB phs/ poy fos, T[B f;ZyB xo G{g .
s//itkB okik nfXe, j't ykb;k o{g .11.
fco ghS pj[ fdBK s/ oki ykb;k mfjo .
gÙuw ihs/ gopsh, g[B eÙwhoh Ùfjo .12.
(4) 17thA ;kyh ftu fJj nkfJnk j fe id'A e/;tdk; :Zr
jtB eodk eodk d"V frnk sK f;ZyK g[ZfSnk, ih\ T[j feXo frnk
<
r[o{ ;kfjp B/ itkp fdZsk fe fJj ;kvk f;Zy j' e/ iBw/rk s/
oD f;zx Bkw oy e/ oki eo/rka
fpgq ejK fJj[ r:' gbkJh < p'b/ r[o{ fJB d/jh gkjh .
jwo' f;Zy j'fJ ntso . oD f;zx Bkw G{fw go Xo .
˜kjo j fe u[so pqkjwD B/ nkgD/ tvko{ gzvs e/;tdk; B{z
wjkokik oDihs f;zx f;ZX ehsk j . ns/ fJj ;koh rZb Ù/fo-gzikp
d/ s/˜ gqskg B{z t/y e/ jh ejh rJh j .
(5) fJE/ jh p; BjhA, ;rA' ;kyh Bzpo 83 ftu df;nk j fe
fpÙzGodk; T[iBh dhnK d' gsBhnK wsBtzsh s/ w'dBh nBzdg[o
nkJhnK . r[o{ ;kfjp B/ wdBtzsh B{z fJj to fdsk fe T[j r[opıÙ
f;zzx d/ wjbhA t;/rh . fJfsjk; d/ gkme ikDd/ jB fe ;L i f;zx
eBQJhJ/ dk g[Zso r[opıÙ f;zx ;h s/ fJ; r[opıÙ f;zx dh xotkbh
okDh ;dk e"o ;h ns/ fJ;/ ;dk e"o dh Xh wfjskp e"o wjkokik
oDihs f;zx B{z ftnkj rJh ;h . u[so b/ye fJj efj fojk j fe
okDh ;dk e"o th r[oP ;kfjp d/ todkB Bkb fJ; gdth ”s/ gj[zuh ;h .
(6) fJ;/ 93 Bzpo ;kyh ftu fJj th nkfJnk j fe T[go'es
d'jK ;[nkDhnK s'A fJbktk fe j'o oi;tbk fJ;soh B/ th r[o{ ih d/
uoB S'j/ sK ;fsr[oK fejk, “fJj w[;bwkBh t/;t/ j't/rh go nkgD/

f;de eoe/ fJj wkD gkt/rh ns/ e/;'dk; oD f;zx fJ;B{z nzrheko
eo/rk .”
fJj fJÙkok w'oK ezioh B{z oDihs f;zx tb'A wjbh gkT[D pko/ j
. wjkoki/ B/ 1802 ftu w'oK fbnKdh ;h s/ 1830 ftu p/rw
r[bpjko . fJ; xkVs s'A gkme nB[wkB eo ;ed/ jB fe fe; soQK
fJj oki-Grs pqkjwD fbykoh, wjkokik oDihs f;zx dh tfvnkJh
d/ pukT[ bJh ;G e[M efj fojk j . toBk r[o{ ;kfjp B{z n;/ todkB
d/D dh fejVh b'V ;h .
(7) ¯eho n˜h˜[dhB wjkoki/ dk t˜ho/-nk˜d, pVk dkBk
g[oÙ ;h, fJ;B/ 1822 JhL ftu s/ fco 1834 JhL ftu fgÙkto s/
;ojZdh fJbke/ tb d';s w[jzwd yK Bkb rZbpks eoB frnk s/
;cb j' e/ nkfJnk ;h . ;kyh 92 ftu ;ze/s j L
s[oe ukeok w/ok pkbk . ihs gÙuw ww j'fJ ukbk .
(9) ;"thA ;kyh i' BkokfD dk; fwÙo feos dZ;h rJh j . fJ;
ftu v'rfonK d/ tvko{nK B{z ;qh d;w/Ù tb'A todkB fwbD dk gq;zr
j . osB d/T[ B{z efjb{ohnK dk d'jswkB dZ; e/ r[o{ ;kfjp d/ doÙB
eodk s/ ;Zs ;kb uoD ÙoD ofjzdk df;nk j, ;fsr[o{ T[;B{z Ù;sq
p;sq gfjBkT[Ad. s/ to fdzd/ jB fe wA s/o/ pz; ftu nktKrk s/ s/oh
;jkfJsk eoKrk L
osB ejk r[o ih ej'A s'fj. ;fsr[o r'd pmk:' w'fj .
p'b-n;k ;wK fJe nkt. jw s[w ;G fwb eko ewkt .
id n;hA fJfsjk; dh c'bk-ckbh eod/ jK sK gsk brdk j fe
oDihs d/T[ izw{ dk gqGktÙkbh okik ;h, i' 1730 JhL s'A 1794 JhL
se fojk . w[ˆb fJj podkÙs BjhA ;h eod/ fe e'Jh fjzd{ okig{s
fJsBk ;[szso s/ pbtkB j't/, fJ; eoe/ ıkB pjkdo ;{pk bkj"o B{z
j[ew j'fJnk fe izw{ s/ ¯"ieÙh ehsh ikt/ . u[BKfu T[;B/ seVh ¯"i
ukVQ e/ okik oDihs d/T[ B{z ed eo e/ bkj"o fbnKdk . fco ndhBk
p/r jkew ibzXo d/ efjD s/ d' bZy bDk eoe/ T[;B{z SZfvnk frnk
. ¯eho n˜h˜[dhB dk tvko{ jehw ı[dk pıÙ fJ; B{z izw{ SvD

nkfJnk s/ fJe bZy Bed b e w[fVnk . ;"thA ;kyh ftu fJ;/ dk
f˜eo j L
izp{ G{gfs pKXk bkj"o . ;'Jh S[vktk BD/ G'o .
fJ;/ ;w/A nfjwdÙkj npdkbh jwbkto nk j'fJnk, w[V T[j
oDihs d/T[ B{z ed eo e/ bkj"o b frnk . fJ; w"e/ osB d/T[ Bkwh
fJe ¯"idko B/ oDihs d/T[ d/ S'N/ GkJh xBk d/T[ B{z rZdh fpmk
fdZsk, fJj ikD e/ npdkbh pj[s n"yk j'fJnk . T[; Bhsh tos e/
oDihs d/T[ B{z w[V nkgD/ tb'A fıbns d/ e/ izw{ dh rZdh T[s/
fpmkfJnk s/ T[;dk t˜ho Ùkj tbh ıK, fszB bZy B˜okBk b e/
frnk, j[D osB d/T[ oDihs d/T[ dk ;Bkgsh pD frnk s/ fJj okik
;z;ko uzd d/ dkdk okik eow uzd eN'uhJ/ T[s/ ik jwbkto j'fJnk,
eN'uhJ/ jko rJ/ .
B{og[o oki nkfrnk dhBh . ;p eN'uB wkoB uhBh .
bJh T[mkfJ poSh r[o dks . ;B eN'uh ubh w[jks . (;kyh
100)
fJ; ;w/A izw{ d/ bkr/-ukr Gzrh ;odko seV/ j' oj/ ;B s/ T[j
th oDihs d/T[ s'A B˜okBk b iKd/ ;B .
aaaaaaizpe Bro G{g fJe j'Jh . w/o/ f;Zy ;wkb ;'Jh .36.
dkw d/; b/tfjAr/ ;ro/ . gops wk fj ykb;k wro/ .aa.37. (;kyh 82)
eJh frnkBh T[go'es ;soK dk ;zpzX okik r[bkp f;zx Bkb
i'Vd/ jB, i' eÙwho dk fJZemk ehsk wkwbk bkj"o dopko B{z BjhA ;h
G/i fojk s/ nkıo f;Zy ¯"iK T[;B{z ed eo e/ bkj"o fbnkJhnK ;B .
go ;kv/ fınkb ftu fJj jtkb/ okik oDihs d/T[ Bkb tX/o/ Y[ed/
jB s/ T[;/ dk ¯"idko osB d/T[ ;h . v'rfonK dk fJj ;kyh xV e/
gkT[D dk wB'oE fJsBk jh ;h fe f;ZyK B{z fJj df;nk ikt/ fe ;kv/
tZv/, r[o{ xo'A to';kJ/ j'J/ ;B,.
(9) B"thA ;kyh ftu ;zrs f;zx dk f˜eo j . f;Zy fw;bK d/
˜wkB/ fJe ;zrs f;zx wD d[nkp dk w'joh ;odko ;h, fi; dh
okiXkBh nzpkbk ;h . d{ik okik ;zrs f;zx 1810-1834 JhL csfj

f;zx dk g[Zso s/ okik Gkr f;zx tkbhJ/ (ihAd) dk g'sk ;h . fJj
;'jDk ;[BZyk s/ ÙehB okik ;h, fi; d' fszB ÙkdhnK ehshnK ns/
fJe tko bkj"o s'A ezuBh th b nkfJnk . ;kyheko efjzdk j fe i[zwD
y/V/ dh fJe sqhws B{z r[o{ ;kfjp efj oj/ jB fe “s{z ;zrs f;zx eh
wjb p;e/ T[XoArh” . ÙkfJd fJj fJ;/ tb ;ze/s j't/ . i[zwD y/Vk
Bro (j[D fdT[Day/Vk) wb'N bkr/ j .
(10) “;" ;kyh” g'Eh ftu dbhg f;zx dk eJh EK f˜eo j .
eJh fJj efjzd/ jB fe fJj gqf;ZX okik dbhg f;zx tb ;ze/s j .
eJhnK dk fJj th ftuko j fe “;" ;kyh” ftu'A ;[D e/ jh wjkoki/ B/
nkgD/ nkıoh Ùfj˜kd/ dk Bkw dbhg f;zx (1837-1885 JhL) oZfynk
;h .
f;zx p/r j'fJ ;'Bk ;kEh . fdbhg f;zx ri g/b/ jkEh .
iK
wX ykb;k uwe/ dhg . fdbhg f;zx okiB f;oohg (;kyh 15)
dhg f;zx j'fJ ntsoA, e{V eo;h okb .
f;Zy jwko/ nwo ;d, fsB eh eoBh ;kb .1. (;kyh64)
fJe EK okik s/˜ f;zx dk th f˜eo j i' fe T[;dk t˜ho'-
nk˜w ;h . fJj th ;zGt j fe fJ; d Gkt j'o j't/ L
s[w w/ok ;G ykb;k, fBgifj sfjz ;zi'r .
s/˜ f;zx ;w T[m/ no, fdbhg f;zx ww b'r .19. (;kyh 57)
fJe d' EK ;zws gk e/ th dbhg f;zx dk uouk ehsk frnk j
fit/A feL
ik fdbhg f;zx j'fJrk fteqwh toy 1899 tosrk . (;kyh 37)
fJt/A fit/A ekpb T[s/ f;Zy ¯"iK dh uVQs dk ;kb fJ; gqeko
fdsk j L
BfVZBt j'fJrk sK wA rzXqp d/; s'VKrk . (;kyh 41)
g[okD/ b'e “;" ;kyh” B{z “dbhg f;zx tkbh ;kyh” th fejk eod/
;B . gfNnkbk ;N/N nkoekJht˜ bkfJp/qoh ftu gJ/ yoV/ (BzL683)
T[s/ fJj' BK fbfynk j'fJnk j .

(11) dhtkB w{boki w[bskB dk jkew ;h, id'A nzro/˜K B/
gzikp ”s/ ep˜k ehsk sK fJj f;Zy ;odkoK dh gq/oBk Bkb nkeh j'
frnk. ngqb 1848 s'A iBtoh 1849 JhL se bVdk fojk, nıho
p/ukok jfEnko ;[ND s/ wip{o j'fJnk . nzro/˜K fJ;B{z d/Ù fBekb/
dh ;˜k fdsh s/ fJj ebeZs/ 1851JhL ftu d/jKs gk frnk . 57 BzL
;kyh ftu ÙkfJd fJ;/ tb ;ze/s j a
J/e ;jkJh s{bPDk w{bk r[o ek f;Zy
G/; fjzd{ f;Zy r[o{ ek d/;B ihs fgy .25.
(12) g[okD/ frnkBh d'';d/ ;B fe fJBQPK ;soK ftu okik
fXnkB f;zx d/ g[Zso okik jhok f;zzx dk f˜eo fdqÙNe{N d/ Yzr Bkb
r[gs ehsk frnk jL
fiT[A jhok B{sB w[es, b; dhg eh eKs .
e{N noE f;ZyB tofi, nkg nkg wA ÙKs .14. (;kyh 64)
j; efo gqG[ ih sp ejk, ;kfjp f;zx ;[B pks .
f;zzx b;B jhok w[es, ewh mT[o ekj{z iks . (;kyh 80)
(13) “;" ;kyh” ftZu nB/e EkJh nzro/˜K dk uouk-r'o/, r[fozv,
fcozrh ik w'B efj e/ ehsk frnk j . ;kB{z gsk j fe 1809 Jha ftZu
nzro/iK B/ b[fXnkD/ SkT[Dh gkJh s/ 1849 JhL ftu bkj"o T[s/
ep˜k eoB ftZu ekw:kp j' rJ/ . fJ; Bkb gzikphnK B{z pj[s eÙN
j'fJnk s/ f;Zy yk; eoe/ d[yh j'J/ . nzro/iK B/ v'ro/ r[bkp f;zx B{z,
75 bZy Bed b e/ izw{ fonk;s fdZsh . fJ; pko/ ;kyheko efjzdk j
fe fcozrh pkDhJ/, fJbkek t/u e/ gk;/ j' rJ/ .
aaaaaa w/oh ;zrfs f;Zy d[y gktk . sp fcozrh gqik d[yktk .25.
oki ohfs ww gze fBtko . sK fdB n;h ebk ;tko .aaaa.26.
p/u d/; eo iKfj fcozrh . rkiAr/ sp w'o G[izrh .aaa.27. (;kyh
82)
xfo xfo T[m/ T[d/ ˆ˜p, T[ZBh ;T[ e/ ;kb .
wko r[fozvh eoAr/, sp ykb;k ukb .20.
aaa aaa aaa aaa

xfo xfo T[io/ xfo xfo t;, xfo xfo o't Bkfo.
xfo xfo g{ik xfo xfo wzvg, xfo xfo j'fJ wo;ko.22. (;kyh 80)
wko e{N g{ot s/ nkt . ;B fgnkdh Jh;/ gkt .
fcoA fcozrh f;zxB gzE . X;A nkfJ gqik f;T[A ;zX .
“shthnK f;ZyK dhnK ;"AgKrk Jh;/ dh T[bkd B{z” . (;kyh 230
id'A fcozrhnK dk ˜'o tX frnk sK T[j jkew pD rJ/ s/ gzikph c"ih fJT[A
;'uD br/ fe n;hA w[V skes pDktKr/ s/ fJBQK dhnK fcozrDK wjbhA gktKr/L
Bkfo fcozrD G'rA f;Zy J/e . sK fdB f;zx roi e/ ;/e .30. (;kyh 82)
go d{i/ gk;/ Xowh ftukoK tkb/ f;Zy fJj ;'ud/ ;B fe n;k
eoBk s[oe-ohfs j s/ fJ; Bkb Xow dh jkBh j't/rh L
Bkfo fcozrD f;Zy ww, xo w b/tA oky .
Xow wb/Sh tXAr', s[oe gmkDh ;ky .5. (;kyh 86)
fJ; ;koh uouk okjh n;hA fJj soe g/Ù eo oj/ jK fe fisB/
jtkb/ fcozrhnK d/ nkT[Ad/ jB, T[j f;ZX eod/ jB fe fJj g'Eh
nzro/˜K d/ gzikp-gqt/Ù s'A pkd jh ti{d ftZu nkJh .
(14) ;kyh Bzpo 72 ftZu “p'sb” Ùpd nkfJnk j i' fe fJ;
rZb dh g[ÙNh eodk j fe nzro/iK d/ nkT[D Bkb jh p'sb nkJh,
BjhA sK ;kv/ sK Ùokp d/ posBK bJh ;[okjh, ikw, fgnkbk nkfd gd
jh tos/ iKd/ ;B .
fJj iK ni/jhnK rtkjhnK s'A f;X j fe “;" ;kyh” dk ouBkekb
mhe T[ZBhthA ;dh jh j feT[Afe T[go'es ;ze/s fJ; rZb dh
s;Zbh bJh ek¯h jB fe fJj Bkw iK jtkb/ nt/A BjhA nk rJ/ j ,
G{s dhnK rZbK B{z Gftys tkeK ftu gq' e/ jokBh ˜o{o gdk ehsh
rJh j, go n;bhns nkgD/ nkg T[ZxV nkT[Adh j . T[s/ n;K d'
fszB jtkb/ n;/ th fds/ jB i' 1840 JhL s'A pkd d/ jB . j' ;edk j
fJj fJÙko/ fe;/ j'o ftnesh tb j'D s/ ;kB{z T[BQK dh ;jh gSkD Bk
nkJh j't/ .
“;kyh g'Eh” 1840 JhL s'A gfjbK fbyh ik u[eh ;h, fJ;dk ;p{s
1893, 1894s/ 1895 fpL d/ fby/ yofVnK s'A th fwbdk j i' 1836-

37 JhL dk ;wK pDdk j . jK, ni/jk wzBD ftu ;kB{z e'Jh fJsok˜
BjhA fe fJ; s'A pkd d/ ;kbK ftu th “;" ;kyh” nzdo e[M gfotosB
j[zd/ oj/ s/ BkwXkoh bfjo ;w/A sK eJh fe;w dh ndbk-pdbh j'Jh .
“;" ;kyh” dh jehes
;koh ftuko s'A n;hA fJ; f;N/ T[s/ gj[zud/ jK fe “;" ;kyh” r[o{
r'fpzd f;zx feos BjhA s/ Bk jh fJj j[D tkbk o{g GkJh ;kfjp f;zx
fbys j . fJj sK “gzi ;" ;kyh” Bkwh tv/ rzqE ftu'A 70-80 ;kyhnK
b e/ s/ fco fJ; ftu 15-20 j'o Gftys tkeK tkbhnK ;kyhnK obk
e/ fJ; dh frDsh ;" ehsh rJh j . “gzi ;" ;kyh” pko/ n;hA fJj efj
;ed/ jK fe fJ; d/ pj[s/ gq;zr GkJh okw e[fJo ih B/ f;ZyK B{z ;[DkJ/
;B s/ fJj fbykoh B/ tX/o/ tkose ftu ebwpzd ehs/ ;B . b/feB
w"i{dk “;" ;kyh” dk i' o{g j, T[j wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/
˜wkB/,ÙkfJd wD d[nkp d/ fe;/ pqkjwD f;Zy B/, fi;dk BK wEok
dk; j-Gftys tkeK dh Szdkpzdh ou e/ pDkfJnk j . n;hA nB[wkB
Bkb efj ;ed/ jK fe 1830-40 JhL d/ dofwnkB fJj BtK yoVk
fsnko ehsk frnk . fJ; ftu us[okJh fJj tosh rJh fe nB/eK j'
phshnK xNBktK B{z Gftys tke-Ùbh ftu go'fJnk frnk .
f¯ozrhnK dk uouk th fJ; rZb dh g[ÙNh eodk j fe id'A T[j
;sb[i s/ iwBk ftueko fcod/ s[od/, fJsB/ ikD/-gSkD/ j' rJ/, sK
jh T[BQK pko/ e'Jh rZb ejh ik ;edh ;h . n;k wzBD d/ pkti{d fJ;
jehes s'A n;hA fJBekoh BjhA fe “;" ;kyh” dh pj[s ;kwZroh “gzi ;"
;kyh” ftu'A bJh j'Jh j s/ g[okDh j, go fJj th wzBD tkbh rZb j
fe fJ; ;kyh g'Eh dh gqf;Xh T[sBh r[o{ ;kfjp dh gq;zrktbh eoe/
BjhA fisBh fe fgS'A fby/ Gftys tkeK eoe/ j'Jh j . s/ fJBQK B/ jh
“;" ;kyh” B{z pj[sh Ù[jos s/ tfvnkJh gqdkB ehsh . fw;kb bJh, i/
fJ; d/ d' Gkr eo bJhJ/ sK g{opkoX tkbhnK gzikj ;kyhnK ftu 15
s/ 17 Bzpo ;kyh fgS'A xV e/ gkJh rJh j s/ T[sokoX tkb/ Gkr ftu
10-15 ;kyhnK j'o fwbkJhnK rJhnK jB s n;k wzBD ftu th e'Jh
;ze'u BjhA fe fJ; s'A fgS'A th E'VQh pj[sh ndbk-pdbh j[zdh ojh .

nkyoh ;kyh ftu sK ;k¯ fbfynk j fe fJj BkokfJD dk; B/
;zws fJZeh ftu Ùkwb ehsh . fJj 1822 dh EK 1921 fpL tX/o/ mhe
iudk j, i' fe 1864 Jh;th w[skfpe j. nzdob/ tkfenks fJj
d;d/ jB fe ÙkfJd fJ; nkyoh o{g 1864 Jha ftZu jh fwfbnk j't/ .
fJ; ;zGktBk d/ fto[ZX ikD tkbh ;G s'A tZvh soe 1836-37 Jha
fbys yoV/ jB, fiBQK d/ n;bh j'D pko/ ;zd/j ehsk ik ;edk j . go
i/ n;h fJBQK pko/ ÙZe Bk th eohJ/ sK “;" ;kyh” B{z wjkokik oDihs
f;zx ekb s'A fet/A th fgSKj BjhA fbnKdk ik ;edk .
“;" ;kyh” s/ fBjzr f;zx
fBjzr f;zx gfjbK s'A jh Xow-:[ZX dh w'jobh esko d/ fBoG
;zrqkwhJ/ oj/ jB . T[BQK ;dk iotkfDnK B{z wko wekT[D s/ dhBK
nBkEK B[z pukT[D ftZu nkgDh Ùesh bkJh jl “w'VhA pkpk eZS
tkfbnk” dk ;zp'Xb fJBQK bJh jh j . fJj' b'e ;B i' jwbkto
ekpbh gmkDK Bkb Nkeo/ bAd/ s/ T[BQK B[z wko yd/Vd/ oj/ . ni/j/ ;wA/
th nkJ/ id'A fe ;kXBK dh xkN ekoB fJBQK ;zs f;gkjhnK B{z soQK
soQK dhnK n"eVK dk ;kjwDk eoBk fgnk, go fJj nkgD/ nkdoÙK
”s/ vN/ oj/ s/ d/Ù nk˜kd eok e/ dw fbnk . id'A fJj dow/Ù pkDh
“;kX ;w{j gq;zB fcoA ir ;sq ;G ntb'e ugAr/” gVQd/ sK fJBQK dk
fBÙuk j'o pbtkB j' iKdk . fJj r[o{ ;kfjp dhnK ;kyhnK dh g'Eh
th nkgD/ rkso/ oZyd/ i' fJBQK B{z gq/oBk fdzdh . id fJj “;" ;kyh”
ftu'A tke bAd/ sK fJBQK dk j';bk d{Dk-uT[Dk j' iKdk . fJ; eoe/
g[oksB fBjzr f;zx fJj g'Eh nkgD/ Bkb oZyd/ ;B s/ fJ; B{z fJe
nw[Zbk ı˜kBK ;wMd/ ;B . fJj iK ni/jhnK ;soK T[BQK d/ ;kj;
ftZu tkXk eodhnK ;B L
w[rb gmkD . fdZbh br jkD . (27)
s[oe sfBe Go fNeB Bk gktA .
f;zx wQko g;{nfB ;w yktA . (51)
nkmw ;kb ;[jtDk rzrk po; gzuk; .

frfo N{N/ iwBk fwb, rjA G[Mzrh pk; . (51)
p/u d/; eo iKfJ fcozrh .
rkiAr/ sp w'o G[izrh . (82)
“;" ;kyh” s/ BkwXkoh
“;" ;kyh” dk pj[s gquko s/ gq;ko BkwXkoh bfjo(157-1772
Jh;th) ;w/A jfJnk . u{zfe pkpk okw f;zx fiE/ f;Zy ;zrsK B{z BkwpkDh
bJh gq/od/ ;B, T[E/ oki;h ikrqsh bJh th ;ktXkB eod/ ;B,
T[jBK wkbk th cVkJh s/ ;'Nk oZyD dh th skehd ehsh . “;" ;kyh”
ftu ıkb;k oki dh uVQkJh ebk d/ EK EK ;ze/s jB s/ fJj ;ze/s Bt/A
fJBebkphnK bJh T[sÙkj gqdkB eod/ ;B, ffJ; eoe/ BkwXkohnK
ftu “;" ;kyh” dk gquko pj[s j'fJnk . fJj e/tb Xow-g'Eh jh Bk ojh
;r'A fJe soQK Gftytkuh oki-g'Eh th pD rJh . ı[d pkpk okw f;zx
th T[wo d/ nkıoh fj;/ ftu “;" ;kyh” d/ puBK T[s/ pj[sk Go';k eoB
br gJ/ ;B . id'A 1872 JhL ftu nkg B{z ibktsB eoe/ ozr{B G/i
fdsk frnk s/ pkeh ;orow BkwXkohnK dh cV'-cVh j'Jh sK
nzro/˜K B/ “;" ;kyh” dh g'Eh fiE'A fes'A fwbh, ˜ps eo bJh ;oeko
dh fJ; wko{ Bhsh dk b'eK T[s/ wzdk n;o j'fJnk . eJh g[okD/ ;odko
xokfDnK B/ nkgDhnK feskpK ;kV c{e fdshnK s/ eJhnK fJXo-
T[Xo ;[N fdshnK . wA pkpk jkew f;zx dot/Ù pko/ e[M jkbs ikDB
bJh, id febQk okfJg[o frnk sK T[E/ g[okD/ p˜[orK wB{z df;nk fe
dot/Ù ih gk; pj[s jZE- fbys j rqzE ;B . id'A nzro/˜K B/ “;"
;kyh” dh Gkb eoBh Ù[o{ ehsh s/ fJjBK d/ gfotko d/ pzfdnK ;kohnK
g'EhnK dk rZvk Go e/ o{Vh ”s/ ik ;[fNnk .
;', BkwXkoh bfjo ;w/A “;" ;kyh” dh tos'A uzrh wksok ftu
j'Jh s/ uzrh j'Jh, go fgS'A e[M ny"sh nkbwK fJ; dh e[tos'A th
ehsh , i' f;ZyK s BkwXkohnK ftu fGzB-G/d tXkT[D dk ekoD pDh
. r[osk dk Y[etzi sK pj[s b'eK ofunk j'fJnk j, go BkwXkohnK
dh tZvh G[Zb fJj j fe fJj fJ;B{z d; r[o{-gozgok Bkb i'V e/ d;d/
jB . 1930 JhL s'A pkd e[M ;k˜;h b/yeK B/ BthnK XkoBktK xVhnK

s/ T[;dh g[ÙNh bJh “;" ;kyh” d/ jtkb/ th ˆbs wbs tos/, fit/A
feL
(1) r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx 1765 fpL B{z BKd/V i'sh i'fs Bjh ;wkJ/,
;r'A pkpk nikgkb f;zx d/ o{g ftu BkG/ dh fMVh ftu fes/ r[gs
ofjzd/ oj/ s/ T[BQK 1869 fpL ftu ;oho fsnkfrnk .
(2) pkpk nikgkb f;zx ih B/ r[fonkJh dh rZdh GkJh pkbe
f;zx jio'A tkfbnK B{z fdsh .
(3) GkJh pkbe f;zx ih B/ nZr'A rZdh GkJh okw f;zx ih
BkwXkoh nkr{ B{z ;"Agh .
fJj ;kohnK rZbK wB'-ebfgs jB, fJfsjk; fJjBK dh g[ÙNh
BjhA eodk ns/ Bk jh “;" ;kyh” fJjBK dh s;dhe eodh j .
(1) “;" ;kyh” ftu ;qh d;w/Ù ih dk i'sh i'fs ;wkT[Dk ;k¯
fbfynk j . ;kyheko efjzdk j fe ;fsr[oK d/jh fJT[A fsnkr fdsh
fit/A ;Zg e[zi T[sko fdzdk jL
Be[ w'o tg[ N/e fNe, fXnkB fsqe[Nh ;kfX .
S'v d/ fBnko/ GJ/, G'rh eKu T[gkfX .6. (;kyh 99)
id r[o{ ;kfjp B/ ;oho fsnkr fdsk sK fco pkpk nikgb
f;zx d/ o{g ftu ofj e/ ftuoB tkbh rZb sK fpbe[b fBow{b pD
iKdh j .
(2) GkJh pkbe f;zx gZSwh gzikp d/ ofjD tkb/ ;B s/ pkpk
nikgkb f;zx g{oph gzikp ftu BkG/ oj/, fJjBK dk edh fes/ w/b
BjhA j'fJnk s/ Bk jh fJ; ;tkb jh gdk BjhA j[zdk . jK, fJj f˜eo
˜o{o fwbdk j fe pkpk nikgkb f;zx ih d/ d/jKs pkd GkJh ekBQ
f;zx BkGk d/ dkd/ -pkpk ;to{g f;zx ih-fJ; v/o/ d/ wjzs Ekg/ rJ/ s/
fgS'A th wjzsh fJ;/ ıkBdkB gk; ojh.
GkJh pkbe f;zx nNe bkr/ fgzv S'Jh d/ izw-gb ;B . frL
frnkB f;zx ih tb'A nkg dk iBw-;zws 1856 fpeqwh fdsk ;jh j
s/ d/jKs 1919 fpL .
nNe dfonkT[ sN S'Jh Bkw rkw GD,

pkbe fwqr/Ù bhU iBw ijkB j .
mkoK ; fSgzi/ j'Vk Grs nw'Vk o'Vk,
ehU B GiB E'V iKs gk:' wkB j . (gzE gqekÙ, nkfJnkfJ
113)
gozs{ BkwXkoh thoK B/ fJj ;zws 1840 fpL eo fdsk s/ jtkbk
“;" ;kyh” dk T[j tofsnk fi; dk GkJh pkbe f;zx ih Bkb e'Jh ;zpzX
jh BjhA pDdk L
;' g{oB ip j'fJ nmkok .
jw pg[ nkfB ukfb;k Xkok . (;kyh 15)
fJj spdhbh fJ; bJh ehsh rJh feT[Afe pkpk nikgkb f;zx
dk d/jKs 1869 fpL (14 i{B 1812 JhL) ftu j'fJnk ;h . 1856 fpL
iBw-;zws wzB e/ GkJh pkbe f;zx dh T[wo w;K T[d'A 1213 ;kb
pDdh ;h, fJ; eoe/ fpBk fe;/ fJfsjk;e jtkb/ d/ fJj iBw ;kb
1840 fpL eo fbnk s/ “;" ;kyh” dk T[go'es gqwkD tos fbnk fi;
dk fe fJ; Bkb e'Jh tk;sk jh BjhA . BkwXkoh b/yeK B/ e/tb bVh
i'VB d/ fınkb Bkb fJj r'Ad, id'A fe T[BPK d/ g[okD/ r[zE th fJ;
pko/ u[g jB . fJe rZb j'o, GkJh pkbe f;zx psok r's d/ no'V/ ;B,
i' S'Jh fgzv ftu iBw/ s/ tX/o/ jio'A fBtk; eod/ oj/, b/feB “;"
;kyh” ftu fiE/ fes/ r[o{ ;kfjp d/ w[y'A fJj ejkfJnk j fe wA
frnkoQthA tko d/j Xko e/ nktKrk, T[E/ ;k¯ fbfynk j fe wA pqkjwD
d/ xo iBw btKrk s/ okwdk;g[o/ nzfwqs;o nk e/ ntskoKrk L
fJj fpfX f;Zy ;G Gky ;[BkJh .
jw ntso fpgq frqj ikJh . (;kyh 15)
“;" ;kyh” dk pqkjwD b/ye, r[o{ ;kfjp dk pqkjwD d/ xo
ntsko bDk d;dk j s/ fJj ;ZiD fJj ;soK gk;/ bk e/ ı[Ù j[zd/
jB, b/feB rZb e'Jh th BjhA . “;" ;kyh” ftu eJh EK w[V ntsko
XkoB dk f˜eo j s/ frnkoQtK ;o{g r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp iK ıkb;/ B{z fejk
j L
(1) d; ntsko r[o J/e ;w, fJT[A ikB fiT[A w/o[ .

J/ekd; r[o rqzE ih, pkDh ;fsr[o j/o . 3. (;kyh 78)
(2) ns/ g[fSnk, ;kfjp ih\ r[o{ ek Gh sp doÙB j'J/rk <
puB j{nk-ykb;/ wA jT[ ntsoKrk . (;kyj 59)
(3) jw Gh nzfwqs;o okw;o eh GktBh oZyd/ jK, sjK T[soAr/ frnkoQthA
t/o[,
nkgDh y/sqh ykb;/ B{z ;wkbD. e'Jh Bk ikD ;e/rk . (;kyh 64)
(4) ;j; nmZsh eb{ rfs, jfo ebeh ntsko.
sK fdB jw Gh nkt;h, j[fJ nt; n;tko .25. (;kyh 60)
(5) jwo d/yfs fJj eo, j[ew ykb;k nkB.
jw Gh tg[ XkoA ntfo, eoA fcozrh jkB .4. (;kyh 96)
;', fJj T[sÙkj-iBe ¯owkB jB fe ıkb;k ih \ fuzsk BjhA
eoBk, wA ı[d nktKrk . BkwXkoh thoK B/ fJBQQK B{z GkJh pkbe f;zx
iK pkpk okw f;zx Bkb bkT[D dk fBokoEe isB ehsk j .
“ro[zvBkwk” fJe j'o ouBk j, fJ; ftu frnkoQtK ikwk Xko e/
phikg[o (eoBkNe) nkT[Dk fbfynk j, jio'A iK GDh BjhA .
ikw Xko d;w r[o, Bt ;Zs ebk ;[ Xkfo .
r[gs r:koQtK y/fbnk, feBj{z B gk:' gkfo .6.
ikwk gfjo r:koQtK, phikg[o e/ wKfj .
;zrfs fwbh e'qV d[fJ, do; fdyk:' sKfj .7.
GkJh pkbe f;zx ih pko/ ;G s' g[oksB fbys, jioA' fBtk;h
eth Ù"ek okw dh feos “;hjoch GkJh pkbe f;zx” j . i' fe 1869
JhL ftu Sgh . fJ; ftu eth B/ nkg dh GiBhe fposh dh uzrh
Ùbkxk ehsh j b/feB EK EK nkg bJh “GkJh” gd jh tofsnk j L
oZp fwjotkBh Bkb s'V ukV/,
pAs i'fV ;[DktK fÙskp b'e' .
eoK f;cs GkJh pkbe f;zx ih dh,
joc e'Jh B j't/ yokp b'e' .”
“fwsh wZxo'A T[Bh; ;zr T[Bh ; T[Bh; brh,

fEs g{oBwkÙh nT[o fdB wzrbtko ih .
ej ÙT[ekokw GkJh rJ/ ;[or Xkw,
Ù[G j'J/ ;G ekw, fJT[A wB wA fpuko ih . 9.
Ù"ek okw B/ fiE/ GkJh ih d/ d/jKs dk ;kok jkb fbfynk j,
T[E/ ni/jk e'Jh f˜eo BjhA fe T[BQK GkJh okw f;zx B{z rZdh fdsh .
fJj sK fbfynk j fe GkJh ih d/ d/jKs pkd ;;eko ehsk frnk s/
nkg dk S'Nk GkJh wzBk f;zx c[b b e/ oktbfgzvh g[ik s/ T[E'A
t˜hokpkd jh GkJh okw f;zx e[M ;zrh ;kEhnK ;w/s nk e/ fwb/ . eth
fbydk j L
T[E/ fwbD nk:k okw f;zx GkJh, wzBh f;zx B{z cfsj p[bkT[Adk
Jh .
ÙT[ekokw j f;y fpnzs T[;dk, ;p/ nkgD/ Bkfb fbnkT[Adk Jh . (41)
GkJh okw f;zx u{zfe pkpk pkbe f;zx ih d/ ÙoXkb{ ;B, fJ;
eoe/ T[BQK e[M o[gJ/ fds/ s/ 15 ;kEh nkgD/ Bkb s'o/ . GkJh wzBk
f;zx c[b b e/ jfod[nko frnk s/ fgS/ GkJh okw f;zx B/ T[BQK Bfws
gkm oyk fdsk L
wzBk f;zx fejk okw f;zx ih B{z, “rzrk” iktD/ s/ j fdb w/ok .
nr/ nkg B{z n;hA T[vhed/ ;K, j[D d/yd/ ok;sk b'e w/ok .
okw f;zx fejk, “;[D' GkJh ;kjp, wB{z ikD b/T[ nkgDk f;y u/ok
.
Ù"ekokw i/ rqzEK dk G'r g;h, sd eoKrk GkJh ih e{u v/ok .
(45)
fJ; 62 SzdK dh ouBk ftu Bk sK pkbe f;zx ih B{z fes/ r[o{
fbfynk j s/ Bk jh okw f;zx ih B{z r[osk d/D dh rZb . ;r'A EK EK
d'jK wjKg[oÙK bJh “GkJh” gd dh jh tos'A ehsh j . fJE/ fJj th
toDB:'r j fe GkJh pkbe f;zx, fgS'A GkJh wzBk f;zx, s/ GkJh wzBk
f;zx dk ;gZ[so GkJh ekBQ f;zx, T[Xo gquko dk ezw ubkT[Ad/ oj/ .
(3) pkpk okw f;zzzx

(T) ;" ;kyh dh fJj ;so BkwXkoh wzBsk dh fizd-ikB j :
fobg[o phu pkYh ;[s j'Jh . pb{nk oki eork ;'Jh . (;kyh
15)
fJj mhe j fe pkpk okw f;zx dk iBw GkJh iZ;k f;zx
soykD d/ xo wkJh ;dk e"o dh e[y'A, fgzv nokJhnK ftu wkx ;[dh
5, 1872 fpL B{z j'fJnk . T[d'A nokJhnK s/ GDh d' S'N/ S'N/ wkio/ ;B,
fiBQK B{z eJh t/o fJeZfmnK jh “GDh nokJhnK” efj fdsk iKdk ;h .
id fJj e{ek bfjo dk e/Ado j' frnk sK fJ; B{z “GDh e{fenK dh”
fejk ikD brk . pkpk okw f;zzzx ih dhnK fumhnK ftu fJ;B{z “GDh
G{zdV” eoe/ fbfynk j . go fJj fe;/ goksB fbysh jtkb/ Bkb f;ZX
BjhA fe fJ; fgzv dk BK edh fobg[o th ;h . Bk sK wkb d/ ekˆiK
s'A fJ;dh g[ÙNh j[zdh j ns/ Bk jh fe;/ stkohyh rzqE s'A . jK, “;"
;kyh” d/ g[okD/ frnkBh fobg[o dk noE fdZbh iK bkj"o efonk eod/
;B s/ “febeg[oh” B{z ebeZs/ dk tkue wzBd/ ;B .
Bkb/ fobkg[o ftu gdk j'D tkb/ fJ; ftnesh dk ık; r[D
fJj df;nk frnk j fe T[j oki eo/rk . pkpk okw f;zx ih B/ oki
ftd'j sK ehsk go oki BjhA ehsk, ;r'A T[j sK nkıoh T[wo ftu ibktsB j'
e/ pzdhıkB/ jh oj/ . ;' ikgdk fJj j fe T[go'es ;ze/s ÙkfJd f;Zy fw;bK d/ T[x/
B/sk ;a iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk iK fe;/ j'o tb j't/ . w/o/ fwqs-frnkBh Grs f;zx
b[fXnkDk, okwrVQhnk ni{e/ÙBb e"A;b d/ gqXkB jB- T[BQK dk fınkb j fe
ÙkfJd fJj fJÙkok wkB:'r frnkBh ˜b f;zx ih tZb j i' fe Gkos d/ okÙNogsh
pD e/ ;Zuh-w[Zuh fobg[o noEks fdZbh ftu oki eo oj/ jB .
(n) e[M yofVnK dh 51 BzL ;kyh ftu fJj ;soK jB L
okw f;zzzx T[m BhuB vo .
ntBh J/e o;"dh eo .
fJBQK s[eK B{z th BkwXkoh thoK ek¯h tofsnk j . b/feB id
n;hA g[oksB yoV tkud/ jK sK fJ; ;w/A gqkgs ;G s'A gqkuhB yoVk
1893 fpL dk fbfynk j'fJnk, f;Zy ocqA; bkfJpq/oh , nzfwqs;o ftu
1595 Bzpo s/ ;[oZfyns j . fJ; ftu gkm fJT[A j L

wo f;T[A T[m Bhu B vo j .
ntBh J/e o;"dh eo j .
fJe d' p/;zws g[okD/ yofVnK ftu th fJj' gkm j, T[E/ okw
f;zx Bkw T[Zek jh BjhA, fJj spdhbh ed'A s/ fet/A j'Jh, fJ;dk
nB[wkB bkT[Dk n"yk BjhA . b/feB i' gkm fwbdk th j, T[;d/ noE
;gZÙN BjhA . w/o/ nB[wkB nB[;ko gkm ÙkfJd fJ; soQK j't/rkL
w[o f;Zy T{u Bhu B voj .
ntBh J/e o;"dh eoj .
noEks w/ok f;Zy T{u-Bhu dh wzBsk s'A BjhA vo/rk, ;r'A Xosh
s/ fJe o;'Jh pDkt/rk, Gkt fpBK fe;/ fGzB-G/d d/ ;KMk bzro
ubkt/rk. eJh B[;fynK ftu “wQko f;zx” gkm i' fwbdk j , T[E// “jwko
f;zx” :k “wQko f;zx” s'A Gkt ;kvk f;Zy jh j' ;edk j .
(J) fJe j'o jtkbk pkpk okw f;zx Bkb i'fVnk iKdk j L
wko wb/SB Xow fdqVQ pzXk . gzu gzuk; d/fJ ofj ;zXk . (15)
fJ;dk noE BkwXkoh fJj eod/ jB fe okw f;zx wb/SK B{z
wko/rk ns/ YkJh ;" ;kb se f˜zdk oj/rk, go fJj rZb mhe BjhA
feT[Afe pkpk okw f;zx 1885 JhL ftu ozr{B i/bQ nzdo d/jKs gk rJ/
;B . fJj th nihp rZb j fe fJe gk;/ BkwXkoh, pkpk ih dk YkJh
;" ;kb ihts ofjDk wzBd/ jB s/ d{i/ gk;/ T[BQK dh rZdh T[s/ s/oQtK,
u"dtK s/ gzdotK r[o{ pmk efjzd/ jB . pkpk okw f;zx wro'A T[BQK d/
S'N/ GkJh p[X f;zx (joh f;zx) gquko dk ezw eod/ oj/ . frL frnkB
f;zx nZyh t/y e/ fbyd/ jB L
okw f;zx i{ eh m"o p[ZX f;zx GkJh sKfj ,
np j wjzs ezs e{feT[A ek ikBhJ/ . (gzE gqekÙ, nfXnkfJ
113)
;kyh Bzpo 15 ftu ;jh s[e fJT[A j L
ik fpfX f;zx r[o{ ek f;Zy .
fJ;/ B{z BkwXkohnK “p[X f;zzzzzzx r[o{ ek f;Zy” pDk fbnk s/ d'
s[eK Bkb j'o i'V fdshnK L

J/e ;o{g e/ d'B' G:k . pv' s/i gquzv eo:k .
fJj s[eK fe;/ th yoV/ ftu BjhA . ;kvk wsbp fJj dZ;Dk j
fe BkwXkoh thoK B/ nkgD/ wB'oE bJh “;" ;kyh” dhnK eJh s[eK
GzB-s'V e/ j'o th pdbhnK fiBQK B{z mhe efjDk mhe BjhA . fJ;/
soQK GkJh uzdk f;zx BphBk B/ fJe “pkoKwkj” fbfynk ;h . T[; ftu
fJj s[eK jB go BkwXkoh fJBQK B{z “;" ;kyh” d/ puB efj e/ gqukod/
nkJ/ jB L
ip jh o{; gzikp/ nkt . d[BhnK wo nzB d jkt .
o[gJ/ ;/o nzB ftekt . w/ok f;Zy G[yk B ikt .
fJE/ o{; d/ jwb/ pko/ rZb ;gZÙN eoBk ˜o{oh j . 1807 JhL
ftu fBg'bhnB B/ o{; d/ ˜ko Bkb ;zXhBkwk ehsk fe n¯rkfB;skB
o;s/ fjzd T[s/ jwbk ehsk ikt/ . fJ; s'A G-Ghs j' e/ nzro/˜K B/
oDihs f;zx tb wNek¯ dk fwÙB G/fink go id fJj ısok Nb
frnk sK nzro/˜ b[fXnkD/ SkT[Dh gk pm/ s/ fJj ;zXh 25 ngqb,
1809 JhL B{z ik e/ j'Jh . fBg'bhnB d/ jko ikD Bkb ;koh dÙk pdb
rJh go fco th f¯ozrh fto[ZX bVB ;w/A fjzdhnK dh B˜o o{; tb
iKdh ojh j s/ pkpk okw f;zx ih B/ th nkgDk fwÙB o{; G/fink ;h .
go “;" ;kyh” ftu o{; d/ nkT[D dh rZb feXo/ th BjhA fbyh .
“;" ;kyh” s/ f¯ozrh
id'A BkwXkoh bfjo oki-ftd'qj dk o{g Xko rJh sK nzro/˜
;oeko B/ fJ;dk fgS'eV ikDB dk isB ehsk s/ bzwh x'y gVskb
pkd fJj nB[Gt ehsk fe fJ; pˆkts B{z T[GkoB ftu “;" ;kyh” dk
th ek¯h jZE j . fJ; eoe/ ;oeko B/ ;o nso f;zx Gd"VhJ/ gk;'A
fJ; dk nzro/˜h nB[tkd (;kyh p[Ze) eokfJnk, i' 1873 JhL ftu
pBko; Sfgnk . fJ;d/ e[b gzB/ 205 ;B . “;" ;kyh” ftu r[fozv, r'o,
w'B iK f¯ozrh efj w/ nzro/˜K dk uouk ehsk frnk j . r[fozv gd
oftÙ: g[okD ftu th nkfJnk j, w'B dk Gkt fJe iksh iK w[zfvs
ftnesh j . f¯ozrh ;ze/s nkw s"o s/ jo gZSwh bJh tofsnk iKdk

fojk j s/ nzro/˜K bJh ık; . fJj sK wzBDk gt/rk fe “;" ;kyh” dk
fbykoh f¯ozrh ;orowhnK s'A ikD{ ;h, fJ; eoe/ T[j fJBQK dk uouk
tX/o/ fBy/Xkswe o{g ftu jh eodk j .
p'fbnkL foyJh; s/ Jh;k j'r[, w{;/ j{J/ ek phi w{;k j'r[ . fJBQK
e' ;p Ùefs dJh . ns/ wdq d/Ù wB{ ek j, U; d/; fJBQK dh ;zskB
gj[zurh, g[oy nkopbk G'rAr/, fco eo nkJ/ E/ sK f¯ozrh coK;h;
ejktAr/ . (14)
ÙkfJd fJj 1809 JhL ftu oDihs f;zx Bkb j'J/ ;zXhBkw/ dk
f˜eo j iK fco 1805 JhL ftu wokm/ ;odko j[beo fgS/ f¯ozrh ¯"i
dk gzikp nkT[Dk dZf;nk j L
w'B fcozrhnj[ e/o r[fozv . fwbA go;go T[G Bfozd .aaaaa
wko e{N g{op s/ nkt . ;B fgnkdh Jh;/ gkt .
fgqEq fcozrh b[fd g[o wX . G'rA oki s/i GJ/ sd .
fcoA fcozrh f;zxB gzE. X; nkfJ gqik f;T[A ;zX . (15)
p[ZYk db d/ f;zxK dk iwBk gko fJbkek ;'XD dk f˜eo j s/
Bkb jh f¯ozrhnK dh ;orowh tb fJÙkok jL
g{op ;kX Jh;/ ykdw . fJs/ f;zx b{Nfj ;p ykdo .aaaa
w/oh oh; eofjzr/ w'B . sK jw f;ZyB G/iA GT[B . (57)
“p/u d/; eo iKfj f¯ozrh .” (82)
tor/ fpnkBK s'A gsk brdk j fe ;kyheko nzro/˜K dh
gzikp-wko{ Bhsh s'A ikD{ ;h.
“;" ;kyh” s/ v'ro/
f;Zy oki Bz{ spkj eoB ftu v'rokrodh B/ tZvk fjZ;k
gkfJnk, “;" ;kyh” ftu gjkVhnK dh dˆ/pk˜h s/ p/fJspkoh dk eJh
EK uouk j . r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih Bkb fJBQK e/jk toskT[ ehsk s/ fco
w[;hps-ckE/ f;ZyK B{z fJj fet/A szr eod/ oj/l fJ; rZb d/ eJh EK
;ze/s gqkgs jB L
Gbk B j'fJ gjkVhnk, ;wM fp;kjh b/fJ . (39)

iK
b'Gh mfjo Bkjh whs . f;Zy gjkVh eo B gqhfs . (61)
w/o/ xo ukeo d[fj ozrh . frbi/A w[;b v'ro f¯ozrh . (82)
˜kjo j fe f;Zy oki ftu gmkD , w;bwkB, v'ro/ nkfd ;G/
soQK d/ b'e ;B, b/feB fisBh Ùesh fXnkB f;zx, r[bkp f;zx s/
;[u/s f;zxaaaav'rok fsqrVh d/ jZE ;h, T[sBh j'o fe;/ e'b BjhA ;h .
;kyh g'Eh dh ;"thA ;kyh n;h j fi; ftu v'rfonK B{z r[o{ ;kfjp dk
todkB gqkgs j'Dk th df;nk frnk j i' fe ebfgs j .
fJj sK fJfsjk;e tkfenk j fe okik r[bkp f;zx B/ bkj"o
dopko Bkb ˆZdkoh eo e/ s/ 75 bZy o[gJhnk Go e/ nzro/˜K s'A 16
wkou, 1846 JhL B{z “wjkokik” dk fıskp fbnk s/ izw{ fonk;s pDkJh
. fJ; ;w/A bkb f;zx t˜ho/-nk˜w ;h, T[j th pj[s n"yk j'fJnk .
;Bkgsh s/i f;zx th nzdo'A ukj[zdk ;h fe 15 bZy b e/ wB{z th fJ;/
soQK dh fBZeh ;N/N fdsh ikt/ go rZb pDh BjhA. bkb f;zx B/ sK
eÙwho d/ jkew Ù/y fJwkw[dhB B{z r[gs fby e/ G/i fdsk fe r[bkp
f;zzx B{z ep˜k Bk fdsk ikt/ . fJ; jkbs ftu o˜hvzN jBjh bkoz;
¯"i b e/ ı[d izw{ gj[zfunk s/ 7 nes{po, 1846 JhL B{z r[bkp f;zx B{z
izw{ dk ep˜k fdtkfJnk . fJ;/ NZeo ftu fesB/ jh f;zx f;gkjhnK
dk ı{B v[fbQnk s/ r[bkp f;zx (d/jKs 1857 JhL ) dh pj[s pdBkwh
j'Jh fe fJ; B/ gfjb/ f;Zy oki Bkb ˆZdkoh ehsh s/ j[D f;ZyK dk
esbkw eokfJnk.
f;o ekN/ d' f;Zy e/ v[roB r[o{ w[ykfJ .(100)
wkb{w j[zdk j fe f;ZyK d/ wBK B{z ÙKs eoB bJh jh fJj ;"Ath
;kyh xVh rJh fe v'rfonK d/ tv/o/ osBd/t B{z ;fsr[oK dk todkB
gqkgs ;h . go fJ; rZb dk itkp ;kv/ gk; BjhA fe fiBQK T[skfonK
T[s/ 1893, 94,95 fpL nkfd fbfynk j T[j sK 1836,37,38 JhL dk
;wK pDdk j . s/ fJj r[bkp f;zx dk v'rok ;N/N pDkT[Dk 1846 JhL
dh xNBk j . i/ fJj v'rfonK dh gfjbK jh ehsh fe;/ ;k˜Ù dk
f;ZNk j't/ sK fJj e'Jh nB'yh rZb BjhA . 69 Bzpo ;kyh ftu fiE/

;sb[i gk;'A gzi eo'V 55 bZy XB bD dk f˜eo j, T[E/ fbfynk j
fe iK f;Zy, oki-bkfJe j'Dr/ sK XB btKr/ L
oig{s dk pkbe[ jrk, T[;dh jZEhA b/tKr/ .(69)
;zGt j fJj fJÙkok okik fXnkB f;zx tb j't/ .
“;" ;kyh” s/ pqkjwDtkd
u{zfe w"i{dk ;o{g tkbh “;" ;kyh” B{z fsnko eoB tkbk fJe
us[o pqkjwD j, fJ; eoe/ fJ; ftu pqkjwDtkd dk nzÙ nkT[Dk
e[dosh j . fiE/ fbykoh B/ ıkb;Jh ofjs-pfjs dk ftfykB ehsk j,
T[E/ fes/ fes/ pqkjwDh ftXh ftXkB dk th G'ok u'ok gkfJnk j, “pzd
eh ohfs e' fsnkr eo Bfjz” dh EK EK skehd j . pqkjwD dh
tfvnkJh th ehsh j fit/A fe ;fsr[o{ g[o'js ”s/ gq;zB j' e/ efjzd/ jB
L
sw ;ko;[s, ykb;/ eh i[rfs .
oj' ekj{z G/;, ykb;/ e/ dot/Ù.(58)
17 BzL ;kyh ftu d/th-g{ik dk gq;zr j, e/Ùtdk; pqkjwD
;kok :Zr ;zgzB eo e/ d/th dk nktkjB eodk j . id'A e/Ùt d"V
iKdk j sK r[o{ ;kfjp T[;B{z todkB fdzd/ jB fe fJj “oD f;zx” pD
e/ gksÙkjh eo/rk . fJ;dk ;gZÙN Gkt fJj j fe wjkokik oDihs
f;zx e/Ùtdk; dk ntsko ;h s/ ;fsr[oK dh T[; T[s/ ngko feqgk ;h
. fJ;/ soQK fpÙzGo dk; T[iBh dhnK gsBhnK dk g[BoiBw dZ; e/
pqkjwDh wzBsk “eow f;XKs” dh Mkeh do;kJh rJh j . fiE/ fpÙzGo
dk; B{z ;" nodk;K dZ;hnK jB, T[j th pqkjwDh eow-eKv tkb/
sohe/ Bkb fpnkB ehshnK jB . fco “ig[ wfjwk” d;fdnK pko pko
fJj fejk frnk j fe cbkDh gT[Vh gVQB dk fJj bkG j, cbkDh dk
fJj . jkbKfe “i[g” ;funko j'D d/ ftÙ/ s/ fJe nB[Gtg{oD ftukogqpzX
j, i' wB[Zy B{z p[fBnkdh rZb fJj ;wMkT[Adk j fe ;G ek;/ dk
eoDjko gow/Ùo j, fJ; bJh jT[w dk fsnkr gfjbh Ùos j .

pqkjwD fbykoh 38 gT[VhnK d/ cbK dh tZy tZy uouk eo e/ T[;B{z
wzsq d/ sohe/ Bkb g/Ù eod/ j i' r[owfs B{z edkfus gotkB BjhA .
GkJh ;zs'y f;zx ih B/ fjzd[;skBh pqkjwD B{z gkbh iK tkrh dh
T[gwk d/ e/ fejk j fe fJj fiXo ukj/ gÙ{ ;wkB nfrnkBh b'eK B{z
Ùk;sqh ;b'eK dh j{zro wko e/ iK bkmh ubk e/ s'o bAdk j .
;eb b'e j gÙ{ ;wkB/ . fpgq u[rktBjko wjkB/ .
gmfB ;b'e bÙfNek js' . fise' ejA ubktA fss. (55)
fpgqB ngB/ f;o w[zvtkJ/ . ngo b'r wr fJ;h ubkJ/.
irs i{m ej[ nzrhekok . ;h; w[zvktB gzE fpEkok . (56)
(r[ogqskg ;{o:, o[s 5, nz;{ 30)
fJ; soQK “;" ;kyh” ftu r[o{nK d/ gq;zrK s/ f;fynktK B{z
pqkjwDh ozr Yzr Bkb g/Ù ehsk frnk j, fJ; s'A fJBeko ehsk ik
;edk . ekoD fJj th ;h fe ıkb;/ d/ jZE s/r ;h s/ pqkjwD s/ jZE
ebw, f;ZyK dhnK g'EhnK th tX/o/ fJj' fbyd/ ;B . fJ; eoe/
pqkjwDtkd d/ ehNkD{ wZb'-wZbh X; iKd/ ;B s/ “;" ;kyh” fJ; s/
w[es BjhA .
“;" ;kyh” ftu nfdqÙN e{NK
“;" ;kyh” ftu fiE/ Xkofwe f;fynk s/ fJfsjk;e ikDekoh
dhnK eJh BthnK rZbK jB, T[E/ feskBk e[M fdqÙNe{N nb/eko okjh
r[ZMk fpnkB ehsk frnk j . ;z;feqs ;kfjs ftu “nfdqÙN e{N” fJe
nbzeko j fiE/ fe r[gs Gkt S/sh S/sh fdqÙNhr'uo BjhA j[zdk . e'Jh
rZb n;/ Yzr Bkb efjDk, fi;dk S/sh S/sh s/ ;fji ;[Gk fe;/ B{z
gsk Bk br ;e/, T[E/ fJj nbzeko j[zdk j . gzikph frnkBh nkw s"o
s/ fJ; B{z “fdqÙNe[N” jh efjzd/ jB . “;" ;kyh” d'jo/ ıkb;/ dh uVQdh
ebk dZ;D bJh jB L
yz i'rh bz G'r wA, ;ko ;zrqjD/ wKM .
;[zB fXnkB r[D frnkB wA, eo ıkb;k ;KM .5. (59)
ykdo bkdo ;kro/, phu eoAr/ oki

fdZbh fNe Bk oki f;Zy, r[o BkBe pıÙh ;ki .7. (59)
fJE/ “ıkb;k” gd d/ fszB/ nZyo b e/ T[BQK dh ftnkfynk nkgD/
Yzr Bkb ehsh j . ıkb;k nekÙ tKC fBob/g i'rh j't/rk s/ G'rh th
j't/rk noEks oki i'r fBGkt/rk . fco i[ZX ftu b'jk th tos/rk,
Gkt fJj fe fJj oki i'rh, ıkb;k ;{opho th j't/rk .
ykdo-wD d[nkp,bkdo-wdkBh fJbkek, ;kro-Gkt f;zX
;kro s'A iwBk se-ıkb;k oki eork .
fJ; soQK d/ nbzeko eJh EK tos/ rJ/ jB . fiBQK B{z nZi jo
e'Jh nkgDh nkgDh wo˜h Bkb noEk fojk j . fJt/A fit/A ;zws th
r[gs Yzr Bkb fby/ jB , fes/ efbi[r ;zws dk ;ze/s j s/ fes/
fpeqhwh iK j'o ;zws dk . efbi[r ;zws 3043 ;h, id fe fpeqwh
;zws Ù[o{ j'fJnk . fpeqqwh ;zws th rfs s/ toswkB d' sohfenK Bkb
tofsnk iKdk j . fit/A 37 BzL ;kyh ftu fbfynk j - fdbhg f;zx
j'fJrk fpeqwh toy 1899 tos/rk . fJj rfs ;zws j, fi;dk fe
1843 Jh;th pDdk j, fJ;/ ;kb dbhg f;zx rZdh pmk ;h . fJ; s'A
fJbktk BroK EktK d/ Bkw th nB'y/ fby/ jB fit/A fe febeg[oh,
;zGbg[o, fobg[o, bT{g[o, Bozrg[o, ekwg[o, T[Bhg[o, efbek Bro,
gkNb nkfd .
fJ; g'Eh ftu eJh ;[szso ouBktK th fwbkJhnK rJhnK jB s/
T[BQK d/ Bkw nkgD/ jB ,fit/A fe w[esBkwk (8), ofjsBkwk (61),
efbtkosk (59,60), G{gBkwk (82), efbBkwk (87), BhshpuB (79),
nodk;K (75-78), ig[ wfjwk (89, 90) nkfde . fJj ;koh ;kwZroh
;kyhnK B{z ÙeshnwkB s/ ;[jitkB pDkT[D tkbh j . fJj wzBDk
n"yk j fe fJj ;G/ ;kyheko dhnK nkgDhnK feosK jB .
Xkofwe gZy
jo ;kyh ftu Xow s/ fÙÙNkuki dh f;fynk j . 32 BzL ;kyh
ftu f;Zy fÙekfJs eod/ jB fe wjkoki\ s[oe fXzC'˜'ih fjzd[tkDhnK
T[Xkb fbiKd/ jB, nkfrnk fdU, n;hA th s[oeDhnK T[mk fbnkJhJ/
. ;fsr[oK fejk, ““f;Zy' \ n;K pdb/ dh GktBk ftu g e/ fizBK-G{sK

tkbk ezw BjhA eoBk, n;hA sK fJ; gzE B{z f˜zdrh dhnK T[u/ohnK
ehwsK ;EkgD bJh fsnko eoBk j .”” ˜kjo j fe fJBQK ;kyhnK ftu
fdsh f;fynk uzr/o/ s/ T[u/o/ wzstK tkbh j . nkw s"o s/ eJh tko
Xkofwesk, eZNVsk iK tfjw-Gow Bkb rq;h iKdh j b/feB ;fsr[o{
fJ; B{z ni/j/ n"r[DK s'A gftZso oZyDk ukj[zd/ ;B . fes/ okrhnK B/
dhtkB ftu r'gh uzd dh tko rkJh sK e[M f;ZyK fJsok˜ ehsk fe
fJj pkDh SZv e/ eh gVQB br gJ/ jB sK r[o{ ;kfjp B/ T[BQK dh
em'osk B{z tzrkofdnK fejk fe okrhnK e'Jh ngokX BjhA ehsk,
GkJh\ r'gh uzd XzB ;h fi; u"dK ;" ;[zdo ;o{g okDhnK fsnkr e/
tokr dk wkor nkgDkfJn, ;' jo EK s'A uzrh f;fynk rqfjD eoB
dh ˜o{os j .10.
Xow ftu r[o{-nkfrnk gkbDk ;G s'A gfjbh rZb j . fJe
tko fe;/ f;Zy s'A fbgkJh eofdnK r[o{ ih d/ p;sqK ”s/ fSZNk g iKdk
j, ;fsr[o{ efjzd/ jB fe fJ;d/ swkuk wko', ;ko/ f;Zy ug/VK wkoB
pfj iKd/ jB . ni/jk eoe/ jo f;Zy ;wMdk j fe wA sK r[oK dk j[ew
wzfBnk j . go ;fsr[o{ w[;eokT[[Ad/ ¯[owkT[Ad/ jB fe fJ; f;Zy dk
ug/VK Bkb w{zj fJ; soQK bkb j' frnk fit/A fe e'Jh ftnKjdV rZGo{
j't/ . e'Jh f;Zy j i' fJ;B{z nkgDh bVeh d/t/ < fJj ;[D e/ dhtkB
ftu ;zBkNk Sk iKdk, go GkJh nip f;zx ezXkoh nkgDh bVeh dk
;ke g/Ù eo e/ ;Zu/ nkfrnkeko j'D dk ;p{s fdzdk j . (16)
;fsr[o{ Grsh GktBk d/ Bkb ;/tk GktBk T[s/ th ˜'o fdzd/ jB
. (50) BzL ;kyh dk wb{e i[nkB Nfjb-ftj{Dk j . r[o{ ;kfjp T[; d/
jZE'A gkDh dk eN'ok b e/ ghDk g;zd BjhA eod/,25 BzL ;kyh
JhwkBdkoh Bkb feos eoB dh skehd eodh j fe ;'B/ ftu y'N Bk
obkU . 37 BzL ;kyh g{ik dk XkB ykD'A toidh j . 63 BzL ;kyh ftu
fco fJj rZb y'bQh j fe e'Jh f;Zy o[gJ/, w'jo d/ b'G ftu nk e/
nfBZSs G'iB Bk ykt/ . ek˜h ;bko[ZdhB g[ZSdk j fe r[o{ gho B{z
wZEk N/eD dk eh bkG j id fe ;G eowK dh jh y/v j . ;fsr[oK
;wMkfJnk fe fit/A w'jo d/ g[Zm/ nZyo bkT[D ;w/A f;X/ j' iKd/ jB,
fst/A o{jkBh g[oÙK nZr/ f;o M[ekT[D Bkb w;se d/ b/y pdb iKd/

jB . ofsBkw/ (61) s/ w[esBkw/ (8) ftu j'o th EK EK T[gd/Ù j go
r[o{ d/ GkT[ B{z (72) ;G s'A tX wjZst fdsk frnk j . fJ;/ soQK d'
fszB ;kyhnK ftu dkVQh e/;K dk wjZst dZ; e/ iNki{N ofjD dh
gq/oBk ehsh (43) s/ fJ; B{z Gkosh gozgok Bkb i'V e/ df;nk j .
92,93,94 ;kyhnK n;hnK jB fiBQK ftu swke{ dh fBy/Xh j . i/ r[o{
ih dk x'Vk th swke{ d/ gZs/ dh p' nkT[D s/ go EzwQ bAdk j sK jo
f;Zy dk eost j fe T[j fJ; fpfynk iK irs i{m s'A nkgD/ nkg B{z
pukt/ .
;kyh dk Gkt fJj j fe ejkDh d/ Yzr Bkb T[Zsw T[gd/Ù dk
fdb nzdo gqt/Ù eokfJnk ikt/ . “;" ;kyh” dhnK ;kyhnK o"fuesk
g{oD j'D ekoB Xkofwe fB;u/ s/ ;dkuko B{z gfogZe eoB tkbhnK
jB s/ eJh e/tb pqkjwDh eow-eKv dk uouk eoe/ jh p; eo
iKdhnK jB .
fJfsjk;e gZy
fiE'A se fJfsjk;e gfjb{ dk ;zpzX j, T[j ni/ nDr"fbnk jh
j, fJ; tb fXnkB d/D dh b'V j . ;qh d;w/Ù, pzd pjkdo, f;Zy
fw;bK s/ f¯ozrhnK dhnK ;orowhnK pko/ eJh ni/jhnK fJfsjk;e
rZbK fwbdhnK jB i' j'o EK BjhA . fw;kb bJh, p[ZYk db dhnK
iwBk gko fiZsK dk uouk ;kv/ fJfsjk; ftu xZN jh fwbdk j . “dh
f;Zy˜ fJB dh ngo d[nkp” f;ob/y j/m ftbhnw ;kfjp B/ 1875 JhL
d/ “ebeZsk ohthT{” ftu fszB b/y fby/ ;B, fJBQK ftu f;ZyK d/ 17
jwfbnk dk jkb j . fJBQK ftu byB"sh d/ feb/Q B{z ¯sfj eoB dk th
uouk j . fJj EK eoBkb s'A nZr/ iwBk d/ yZp/ ezY/ fJe s[oe-wkB
p;sh ;h fiE/ seVk febQk th ;h, fJt/A rzr'j Ùfjo . p[ZYk db B/
fJBQK B{z 1775 JhL ftu ;'fXnk ;h . ;kyheko efjzdk j L
byB"sh e rzr g[fo, GJ/ i[X ;G ;[X .
fdbhgfs eh ¯"i uVQ wko/ s[oeB fpXq . 6. (64)

GkJh tho f;zx ih B/ byB"sh B{z febQk nBzdg[o bkr/ t;d/ fe;/
fgzv byB' skokg[o Bkb i'fVnk, i' mhe . fJj n;K fJe fw;kb fdsh
j . fJ;/ soQK j'o th eJh r[zMbK, ;kyhnK B{z ftukoB ”s/ y[Zbq ;edhnK
jB .
fiBQK f;Zy ;odkoK B/ fw;bK s'A gfjbK eJh soQK dhnK xkbK
xkbhnK, ;kyheko T[BQK d; f;zxK d/ BK fJ; gqeko fdzdk j L
jw d/ys ykb;k T[mk. s[oe s/i d{o ;rbk w[mk .
Bzd f;zx roik f;zx nkdh . gzE bki ;pjB fwfb ;kih .12.
d/tk f;zx nso f;zx ;{ok . wdB f;zx okw f;zx g{ok .
eg{o f;zx s/ r[opıÙ f;zx . u'bQk f;zx j ;ZiD f;zx . 13.
fJ;/ soQK
fdbtkbh f;y r[o wjb ek okyk .
fJjh G/s r[jMk ekj[z BjhA bkyk .
fJj e"D ;h, fJ; dk gsk bkT[Dk th fJfsjk;ekoK dk ezw j
fe fet/A r[o{ ih d/ d' wfjbK B{z T[j puk e/ fdZbh b frnk . db
ıkb;k dhnK ;orowhnK ns/ f¯ozrhnK dhnK e[fNb ukbK pko/ eJh
;ze/s nkJ/ jB, fiBQK B{z rj[ Bkb tkuD dh b'V j . ;kv/ gk; fJsBh
EK BjhA fe n;hA fJ; bzwh uouk ftu g ;ehJ/ .
fJj th :kd oZyDk ˜o{oh j fe “;" ;kyh” fBo'b fJfsjk;e g'Eh
BjhA, fJ; ftu g[okDe ozr th j . fJ; eoe/ eJh nDfJfsjk;e
rZbK nk rJhnK jB, fit/A fofy, Jh; s'A Jh;k, r'fG s'A r'fpzd f;zx s/
f;zx eh ykb s/ ıkb;k (15) T[gfink df;nk j. n"ozr/ dh p/rw B{z
uzp/ dh okie[wkoh s/ fco vZb/ pokV d/ wfjbhA t;dk fpnkB ehsk j
. w[fJBdhB fuÙsh niw/oh (d/jKs 1235 JhL) Bkb swke{ B{z ik
ifVnk j id'A fe swke{ ijKrho ;w/A fjzd ftu nkfJnk. ni/jhnK
rZbK B{z B˜onzdk˜ eoB dh b'V j feT[Afe T[j ;wK ek¯h
nzXekowJh ;h .
;kfjse gZy

“;" ;kyh” fjzzdh gzikph ˜pkB dk fwbr'Gk j . pj[shnK
;kyhnK gzikph rZd ftu jB s/ fjzdh tkbhnK Szdkpzdh ftu . gzikph
tkose fJsBh ftnkeoD s/ ;kfjse ÙosK B{z g{ohnK BjhA eodh,
fco th eJh ;kyhnK ;ztkd d/ gZy s'A pVhnK o'ue s/ gqGktÙkbh jB .
fjzdh ouBk tX/o/ u[;s pzdÙ ftu j . go o'fuesk dk tZvk ekoD
fJj j fe ;koh g'Eh ftu ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx T[sw g[oÙ ftu p'bd/
jB-wA n;k eoKrk, n;k eoKrk iK w/ok ıkb;k ni/jk eo/rk . fJj
Ùbh fJ; ouBk Bz{ fJe ftÙ/Ù r"ot s/ Ùesh gqdkB eodh j s/ gkme
wfj;{; eodk j fe T[j f;ZXk d;w/Ù r[o{ Bkb rZb eo fojk j . d{ih
rZb, fJ;d/ Gftys tke wB d/ ;kj; B{z tXkT[D tkb/ jB, Gkt/A fJj
G{s B{z Gftys pDk e/ g/Ù eod/ jBl go gkme B{z fJj sZ;bh pZMdh
j fe n;k j' e/ oj/rk s/ fJ; Bkb T[;B{z th e[M jk;b j't/rk . fJj
;koh rZb ıkb;k gzE d/ T[sÙkj B{z T[GkoB tkbh j, fJ;/ eoe/
ÙoXkb{ f;Zy fJ; s'A e[M tX/o/ jh ;zs[ÙNsk gkT[Adk d/fynk frnk j .
;' fJj b'efgq:sk fJ;dh ebkswesk ”s/ fBoGo BjhA eodh, ;r'A
fJ;d/ ftÙk-t;s{ d/ wjZst ekoD j i' edh edh ;{oi tKC fbÙe'o
e/ nZyK uz[fXnkT[Adk j .
“;" ;kyh” s/ f;Zy oki
i;k fe n;K gfjb/ th fejk j fe “;" ;kyh” dh gqf;ZXh dk
n;b ekoD f;Zy oki j'D dh uouk j . whoh ghoh d/ tkbh r[o{ d/
f;ZyK tb'A oki dk ;[gBk fbnk ikDk e'Jh Ho-e[dosh xNBk Bjh,
feT[Ife r[opkDh B/ fJBQK B{z oki :'r dk ;pe gVQkfJnk j sKfe T[j
;[szsq ;PwkD tkbk fBoG ihtB p;o ;eD . n;k nkdoFe wB'oE
j'D eoe/ f;Zy, pkDh s/ j'o fJfsjk;e rqzEK ftu'I th oki-Gkr
jk;b eoB dk todkB bZGd/ nkJ/ jB . “nktfB nmZso ikD
;skBt/I j'o Gh T[m;h wod ek u/bk” dk noE-Gkt Gkt/I w[Hb oki
nkT[D ikD pko/ j go nk;tzd gqzwh “wod ek u/bk” T[mD dk Gkt
fe;/ ebkXkoh g[oy dk gorN j'Dk d;d/ nkJ/ jB . fJt/I fit/I r[o{
r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ nekb T[;sfs ftub/ ;tJhJ/ ;[Bfjoh Gfty dh
Mbe do;kT[Id/ brd/ jB L

dkBt d/t cfBzd fB;kuo, G{s Gfty GtkB igIr/ .
iht fis/ ib wA Eb wA, gb jh gb wA ;G Ekg EgAr/ .
gz[B gqskgB pkY is XB, gkgB e/ pj[ gz[i ygIr/ .
;kX ;w{j gq;zB fco ir, ;sq ;G ntb'e ugIr/ .
fiE/ “pfusq BkNe” ftu d;w/F r[o{ ih B/ fBjebze ntsko dh
eEk dZ;h j, T[E/ ebeh ntsko dk jfowzdo nkT[Dk fbfynk j, f;Zy
jfowzdo dk Gkt (nkgDh wB dh w"i ftu ) dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o
bAd/ jB, Gkt/A n;k BjhA . fJj ;tJhJ/ fJT[A ubd/ jB L
gkg ;zp{j fpBk;B eT[, efbeh ntsko ejKtfjAr/ .
s[oeZS s[ozr ;gZS pv/, efo ekfd feqgkB ezgktfjAr/
fBe;/ fiw e/jo gops s/ , s; ;'G fdtkb: gktfjAr/ .
Gb Gkr G:k fJj ;zGb e/, jfo i{ jfowzdo nktfjAr/ .
id r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx dZyD tb ik e/ gob'e fgnkBk eo rJ/
sK f;ZyK ftu pVh T[dk;h SkJh, b/feB f;deh f;Zy fJj Go';k oyd/
;B fe ;fsr[o{ S/sh gzikp nkT[Dr/ s/ popkd nBzdg[o Bz{ w[V
tk;T[Dr/ . fJj rZb nmkoQthI ;dh d/ w[ZY ftu f;Zy wBK nzdo
xo eo rJh ;h . fJ;/ eoe/ fdZbh fBtk;h GkJh ;Dk f;zx B/ “;qh
r[oÙ'Gk” d/ T[BQht/A nfXnkfJ ftu 12 ftÙ/Ù Szd fby/ jB s/ T[;dk
f;ob/y jh “nkrw gqrkÙ Ù'Gk fbfynk j .
;p ;kX[ T[pkoB e/ fjs e", ir ihtB i'fs irktfjAr/
s[oeh n;[ nSZ ;gZS pv', fsjA T{gfo nkfg ;[jktfAjAr/ .aaaaaaaaa
fgqEthgfs G{gfs Ùkj ;p, fsj d/fy wjK vo gktfjAr/.
sfi d/; ;[o/; Bo/Ù pv/, voe ;pjh Gi iktfjAr/ .
fust wB wA eS[ n"o T[gkfJ, fpB jfo e:'A rfs gKtfjAr/ .
Gb Gkr G:k s[w sKfj ej', rVQ nkBzd co p;ktfjAr/ .
fJ; wB"s dk fJsBk gqGkt fgnk fe f;ZyK fdnK ofjsBkfwnK
ftu th f;Zy oki dk uouk eJh EK nkfJnk j fit/A feL
;[Bj[ Bzd bkb fJj ;ki . gqrN eokT{A ngB' oki .

uko poB fJe poB eoKT{A . tkfjr[o{ ek ikg igkT{A.
M{bD B/i/ j;sh ;ki/ . d[nko d[nko gfo BT[fps tki/ .
;t/ bky ip X[y gbhsk . sfp ykb;k T[d n;s b" ihsk .
(sBykjBkwk, GkJh Bzd bkb )
f;Zy fJfsjk;e rqzEK ftu ni/jhnK eJh N{eK fwb iKdhnK
jB fiBQK ftu EK EK f;Zy oki dk ;zebg w{oshwkB ehsk frnk j .
e[M ni/jhnK rZbK jh “;" ;kyh” dhnK eJh ;kyhnK ftu nkJhnK jB,
i' e'Jh tfusq rZb BjhA fJj T[; ;w/A d/ ;zrkqwhJ/ f;zxK dh wBkf;e
GktBk dk Gkr ;B s/ e[M us[o fbykohnK fJBQK B{z ˜ok j'o ozr Go e/
g/Ù ehsk j, yk; eoe/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx ;w/A dh oki;h uVQs
d/y e/ .
ÙkfJd “;" ;kyh” gzikp dh gfjbh feskp jh j fi; ftu
nzro/˜K dk fto'X fwbdk j . fJ; eoe/ id'A T[BQhthA ;dh d/ wZX fgS'A
oki;h ikrqsh gdk j'Jh sK fJj fto'X tkbhnK rZbK f;Zy gkmeK B{z
tX/o/ T[GkoB brhnK s/ T[j w[V fJ; s'A oki Gkr dh gq/oBk bD br/
. j[D th “;" ;kyh” dk gkm ÙoXkb{ wBK ftu fJj uzfrnkJh
GVekT[Idk j, go thjthA ftu roed/ uzr/ :[r ftu ofjzd/, j[D
n;h GftZypkDhnK d/ GowK tfjwK ftu roed/ uzr/ BjhA brd/ .
b'eszsqh tksktoD ftu j[D tX/o/ :EkoEe ns/ pbtzs, p[Xhtzs s/
xkbtzs j'D dh b'V j .
“;" ;kyh” d/ yoV/ ns/ ;[XkJh
Skg/ s'A gfjbK fJj jkbs ;h, i' g'Eh tX/o/ gVQh iK fbyh
rJh T[; ftu T[sBhnK jh tZX G[ZbK j[zdhnK rJhnK, ;" ;kyh Bkb th
ni/jk toskok jh j'fJnk . fJ;dh ;'X ;[XkJh bJh ˜o{oh j fe g[okD/
yoV/ B{z tkfunk ikt/ s/ n;b gkm bZGD dk isB ehsk ikt/ . Ù[ZX
gkm dh fJj e;tZNh BjhA fe fJj pj[fsnK ftu j sK mhe j, n;b
e;"Nh fJj j fe nfs gqkuhB yoV/ ftu fJj gkm fet/A j, fco d{finK
Bkb fJ;dk fwbkB th ehsk ik ;edk j . id gq; nk frnk sK

shpo wzzr ekoD ;" ;kyh Skg/ ftu nk rJh . dhtkB p{Nk f;zx, i'
okDh fizdk d/ fBeNtosh ;/teK ftu' ;h, T[;B/ 1892 JhL ftu wspk
nkcskp gzikp bkj"o tb'A fJ;B{z Skfgnk . ee;NB gq;Z B/ th
gqekÙs ehsk . fco GkJh d:k f;zx u/b/ eh s/ wZxo f;zx fyjkb/ tkb/
B/ fwb e/ 1947 fpL d/ fe;/ yoV/ d/ nXko s/ thjthA ;dh d/ w[ZY ftu
fJ;B{z tho fjzd gq;Z s'A SgkfJnk . u{zfe nzro/˜ fJ;B{z eoh nZy Bkb
d/ydk ;h fJ; eoe/ fJBQK eJh gkm th pdb/ fit/A fcozrh B{z T[ozrh iK
fes/// fes/ gmzrh eo fdsk . fJt/A fit/A “eo/ fcozrh jkB” B{z “eo/
wb/Sh jkB”, Skg fdsk go fco th ;oeko B/ fJ; B{z ˜ps eo fbnk .
fJ; s'A fgS'A nB/eK gqekÙeK fJ; B{z Skfgnk . pko ftu j[D th Sgh
g'Eh fwbdh j go p/-Ù[wko ˆbshnK Bkb Goh j'Jh . eJh ;kyhnK
nr/ fgS/ jB, eJh tZX xZN . gqekÙeK fit/A ukfjnk fJ;B{z Skg e/
t/funk tZfNnk s/ ukjtkBK dh shpo sKx dk BikfJ˜ ckfJdk
T[mkfJnk . fJBQK ;ko/ SkgD tkfbnK ftu'A ;L gqskg f;zx wfjsk
(o'jse) dk ehsk ezw edo:'r j fiBQK d' GkrK ftu, “;" ;kyh ;Nhe”
Skgh, gfjbk Gkr iBtoh 1958 JhL ftu s/ d{ik Gkr 1960 JhL
ftu gqekÙs j'fJnk . nkg B/ 20 e[ jZE-fbys g'EhnK th d/yhnK i'
T[; ;w/A nkw fBjzr f;zxK iK BkwXkoh f;zxK gk; gqkgs ;B . fco th
nB/eK gkm nÙ[X ofj rJ/ . T[BQK i' noE ehs/, T[j pj[s/ wBwo˜h s/
ık; ;zgqdkJh gqGkt tkb/ ;B . fw;kb bJh “;" ;kyh” ftu nkw fpeqwh
;zws tofsnk frnk, go wfjsk ;kfjp- “;[zB bbk, fsq: gzit/A, T{B
;;k gzuk”-dk noE 1849 Jh;th eod/ jB . fJ;/ soQK Gftys tkeK
d/ noE eJh EK T[j fyu-fyuk e/ toswkB ;w/A se b nkJ/ jB .
fit/A 17 BzL ;kyh d/ noE eod/ fbyd/ jB L
“g'qL e/;'dk; dk sh;ok iBw gzqL itkjo bkb ih jB . ;fsr[o{
okw f;zx ih d/ nkrwB se nkg fdZbh jh ojA/r/, T[gzos id bkj"o
d[pkok t;kfJnk ikt/rk sd nkg T[; okiXkBh d/ rtoBo (bkN)
pBkJ/ ikJ/Ar/ .”
(;" ;kyh ;Nhe, Gkr gfjbk, gzL 131)

fJj n;K fJe fw;kb fdsh j . eJh EK j'o th T[BQK ;ko/ gq;zr
toswkB Bkb i'VB dk F"e fdykfJnk j i' mhe Bjh .
fJ; g'Eh dk n;b Bkw Ò;qh r[o osB wkbÓ dk ;jh gkm bZGD
bJh j/m-fby/ yofVnK B{z tkfunk ns/ fJBQK s'I :'r ;jkfJsk bJh j .
t/otk fJ; gqeko j L
1 f;Zy ocIqI; bkfJpq/oh nzfwqs;o-yoVk BzL 1595
e[b gZso/ 127 ;zws 1893 fpL
2 f;Zy ocII; bkfJp/qoh nzfwqs;o- yoVk BzL 5039
fJ; g'Eh ftu gq/w nzp'fX, gouhnK ;/tkdk;, r[o osB wkb s/
gqkD;zrbh dk e[M gkm j . 1907 fpL dh Beb j .
3 f;Zy fJfsjk; ftGkr, ]kb;k ekbi, nzfwqs;o .
e[b gZso/ 203-yoVk BzL 1455
194 gZso/ s' ;" ;kyh ;wkgs,
nZr/ T[rqdzsh d/ e[M Grtsh Szd jB .
Ò1894 fbyh ;ikg[o eZse ;[dh 11 p[Xtko . Ó
4 ;N/N nkoekJht} bkfJpqoh gfNnkbk .
e[b gZso/ 150 ;[zdo fbys- yoVk BzL 683
Ò;zps 1894 fbyh
oki;EkB Bro gN:kb/ crD ;[dh 15 ;fBFuotko B{z ;[Gz . Ó
5 ;INob gpfbe bkfJpq/oh gfNnkbk-yoVk BzL 555
e[b gZso/ 168, ª;zps 1895 Gkd'I d[dh 9 .«
6 GkFk ftGkr bkfJpqoh gfNnkbk-yoVk BzL 352
gZso/ 255, S'Nk ;kfJ}, ;qh nzfwqs;o okwdk;g[o, i/m ;[dh
g{oBwkFh . p/;zws
7 w/oh bkfJpq/oh dk yoVk-e[b gZso/ 307, y[FBth; dh fbys, T[Ii
p/;zws
8 w/oh bkfJp/qoh dk yoVk-e[b gZso/ 276, p/;zws
fbykJh ;kXkoD go fJj fe;/ gqwkfDe yoV/ dk T[skok j .
9 v/jokd{B GkJh tho f;zx ih dh bkfJpq/oh ftu 30 BzL s/ fJe yoVk
j i' fe 1905 fpL fbys j s/ nkw fbysh g'EhnK tork jh j
.fJ;d/ gZso/ 127 jB . nzs d'jok j L
g[;se ;kyh:B eh fbyh, ;[Xjk ;o'to sho
;zws ;o BG fBfX ;h;, nkFtB tfd ;q[fs pho .

10 fszB uko p}ko dhnK SghnK Ò;" ;kyhnKÓ th tkuhnK rJhnK jB i'
fes/ fes/ ;jkfJe f;X j'JhnK jB
T[go'es yofVnK ftu'I ;G s'I gqkuhB yoVk 1893 fpL dk
fbfynk,f;Zy ocII; bkfJp/qoh tkbk j . gfNnkbk ;N/N nkoekJht} tkbk
B[;]k 1894 fpL dk s/ uzrk ][Fys fbfynk j'fJnk j ]kb;k ekbi
nzfwqs;o tkbk yoVk th g[oksB s/ ekcIh F[ZX j, Gkt/I ehNkD{nK d[nkok
yzfvs j .
fJBQK ftu'I pj[fsnK yofVnK T[s/ Òokwdk;g[o nzfwqs;o Gkdq' ;[dh
gzuwhÓ nkw fbfynk j'fJnk j s/ w/o/ tkb/ yofVnK T[s/ th . gsk BjhI
fJ;dk eh Gkt j .
fJj ;ukJh j fe fJj jZE-fbys yoV/ e'mhpzd edh tKC
jB, fJBQK B{z fJXo T[Xo BjhI fbnKdk ik ;edk . ;',
s[bBkswe fwbkB fJe fpyw i/jh eko j \ ;'Xe, fJj ftXh
tos ;edk j fe gkm }pkBh :kd oy e/ fJBQK w/bdk ikt/ s/ fiE/ fes/
pj[sk cIoe ikg/ T[; B{z ftuko-r'uo/ eo/ .n;K isB ehsk j fe EK EK s/
gVskb e/ ;[XkJh ehsh ikt/, b/feB fco th e[M gkm nF[ZX ikgd/ jB .
;kvk isB j fe fJ; pj[-uofus, fttkdrq;s s/ nF[ZXhnK dk
fFeko g'Eh dk ;jh o{g bZfGnk ikt/ s/ fJ; s'I ;jh gq/oBk bhsh ikt/ i;k
fe g[oksB f;zx fbnk eod/ ;B . fJ; wB'oE ftu fezBh e[ ;cbsk fwbh
j, fJj gkme jh dZ; ;eDr/ .
n]ho wI fJj }o{o no} eoBh ukjKrk fe id edh e'Jh ;zeN
nkt/ sK J/; wB'oE bJh Ò;" ;kyhÓ dh c'bkckbh eoB dh b'V BjhI, fit/I
fe e[M b'e eod/ nk oj/ jB .1947 JhL ftu gzikp B{z, d/F tzv B/ yzv
yzv ehsk s/ 1984 JhL ftu jzekoh fjzdtD B/ jZbk p'fbnk, fi; ekoD
f;ZyK dh Gkoh jkBh j'Jh . e[M nzXftFtk;h ;wMd/ jB fe fJj ;G e[M
Ò;" ;kyhÓ ftu fbfynk j'fJnk j . f;Zyh dk dko'wdko ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp
ftuko j i' d[y ;[y B{z fJe ;ko wzB e/ fsnko po fsnko ofjD dk
T[gd/F fdzdk j ns/ ;zs T[pkoB s/ d[FN ;zxkoB dh skehd th eodk j
. ;', ;Zu/ f;Zy B{z fJ;/ s/ gfjok d/Dk ukjhdk j .
nzs ftu wI ;w{zj fBjzr f;zxK s/ g[oksB g[;sekfbnK d/ gqpzXeK
dk XzBtkdh jK, fIiBQK fJ; y'i ;w/I b'VhIdk ;fj:'r fdsk .
ebw wzfdo, b':o wkb
gfNnkbk
fgnkok f;zx gdw

;" ;kyh
(;qh r[o osB wkb)

1
1U ;fsBkw[ ;kyh ubh gNDtkb ;qh r[o{ iBw shoE gksFkjh 10,
p[Y/ ;kfjp, okw e"o ih e/ j}{o tke .
:Ek wfs r[o{ tke fby:s/ . ;qh r[o{ ;kfjp ih fbykfJ fdsh.
;zps fteqw G{gsh ;skoK ;fs Bt J/e .
wkfj ft;kyh tko r[o[, wbeh d[sh:k G/e .1.
;kfjp dk; ;zrs wkfj f;yB eo:' fpp/e .
fJj[ fbykoh r[o{ fjs ;kyh fby nB/e .2.
G[b u{e ejB/ ;w/ fbys wKM i' j'fs .
;'X' t;/ i[ fBefN r[o[ fpB d/y/ d[y/ r'fs .3.
r[o jk;h r[op]F f;zx y{p eoh s[w nki .
uko uko c[fB ukfo ukfo gKu gKu s[w eki .4
uko p/d no noE uko, uko i[rB eh ohsh .
uko ;zskBh gKu gd, gKu toB gd whs .5.
ikN i{N iNsb/ e' T[go xwzv{ y{p .
dh:' GtkBh UYDk ;G f;yB e' M{p .6.
feT[I eo E' r[o ih efjnk Bkw fJ;BkB gqGkfs .
gqks ykfJ eo BQkfJ e eoh pk} eh dkfs .7.
J/e p/o ;fG ykb;/ ehBhI, pks j}{o .
w[Hb gmkDK s/i pv, j[ew[ eo' jw ;{o .8.
sK puB j{nk-J/e p/o iw B/ B/w[ pKfXnk wI fjz;k B eo"Irk, goik
tX rJh, sK ekb ek G d{fo j'fJ rfJnk, ybe ijkfB phu pVh GhV
j[Jh, d/t eow....iZr, dkB,Bkw[ G{fb rfJnk,fGq;fN j'fJ d/tfsnK rh
oh; eoB br/, sK ;[o pqjwk gk; ikfJ g[eko/, ih ;p f;q;fN e/ eosk \
jw fdrgkb s/oh nkfrnk wkB efo ngB/ ngB/ eki eT[ br/ nkJ/
nkj/, s/oh ojwfs j{Jh ;/tk eh pyF sK b'rfj n;KB{z wkB e/ pfb d/D/
br/, wzBB/ br/, ;' Gh d{fo j{nk . iw B/ sg[ nozfGnk, b'r woD/ s/
ofj rJ/ . d/tK ek G iKdk ofjnk sK pqjwk p'fbnk,«B/fs n;h j, eosh

neosh j, eo/rk T[j[ ;'Jh, s[w iktj[ nkgfDnK EktK B{z . sK
pqjwk e/ puB s/ ;[o rJ/,goDkw eoe/ sK iw[ ek B/w[ g{ok j{nk . f;q;fN
d/yh tX rJh, Gkoh BkT[I eh tKr{ v'bsh vrwr vz;[Dh nkJh nkjh,
v/yh eq'X eo o[do ek fXnkB eo br/ G;w j'D/, sK nrfB wKM, eJh
ib/ , ib v[[pkt, gtB fvrkfJ wko/, d[ofGS gVk, b'r i[ pu/ ;' Gkr/ .
iKd/ iKd/ d{fo ibkb rzXqp ek Ffjo ezXko wKM rJ/ . T[BK eh ;zskB
T{jK tXh . gKvtK e/ oki wjKGkoE phu wo/, feS[ B/s e/ wko/ E'V/ ofj
rJ/, uko'I poD G/d fwNkfJe nkg; wI ;ke eoB/ br/, J/ew/e j' rJ/ .
T[; EKfJ ek okik wwfB Foc Ek, J/e fdB pkr wfj frnk, okik B/
T[BQK b'rK ehnK b[rkJhnK GowkJhnK , xfo wI b/ rfJnk,fiBQK seoko
ehsk jw woKrhnK, T[BQK Bh f;odkoh dk b'G fdsk s/ ;zskB T[gkJh,
fpfdnkXo gkme eh p/Nh s/ g'Nb ykB, w[drbh, pqkjwDh s/ w[Hb p/r,
;/yoK e/ f;yktfs eh p/Nh s/ F/y ;zwB, ;iksh gk; s/ p/Nk iBfwnK .
g[fSnk s/ok r's < p'bh wI p/Nh ;ZikdokfJ eh j'I .;[fD efo Fofwzdk
j'fJ rfJnk . feT[I i' T[; okik eh p/Nh ;[fD efo gS[skfJnk, fjdkfJs
Foc ;kJhI b'e eh, pzdrh ikfJ eoB/ brk . iK pj[s[ fdB phs/,
p'fbnk-n;k gjok nktrk .;Z:d J/;e/ g's/ s/oh ;zskB e' oyBr/, J/j
;Z:d j{J/, s{z Gh B/s wkB, ukfb;k eo[,ng[S gkg iKdk oj/rk . GkJh
f;y' \ BZ;e/ iw s/ rJ/ ;' noiB Ghw gKvtK B/ wko/, T[; nz; e' ekb
e'fgnk, sK j[ew[ j{nk L
nekb g[oy s/ j's jI e/se pqfjw wj/F .
s;/ ;/te ;kE jw wko'I uko' F/y .
sK g[fSnk f;yK, ih ;u/ gkfsFkj \ e'Jh oj/rk ph fe Bk < sK puB
j'fJnk, T[BQK ek nz;[ d/y[ efo pj[s[ Xow S'fv fwfb ojIr/, T[BQK go
j[ew[ BjhI . T[; nz; e/ ;G wofjIr/, ]kb;k ih ;G wkofjIr/ go ;' uV
efo ewkB b eo r[o{ ih ub/, pkfj ewkB fyzuh, Fpd rrB s/ j{nk .
r[o{ ih oy[ bDk .« pBK s/ gopsK s fJj ntk} ;[Dh, uVQ efo Bhb/ x'V/
T[gfo d{o rJ. fFeko e/ gouD/, ns/ pjkdoh fdyktB/ e/ jzekoh .r[o{
ih Bhbk trkfJnk g{op B{z, f;y E'V/ F;soK tkb/, gjkVhJ/ nkfJ gj[zu/,
f;y br/ i[X[ eoB/, bVkJh pj[s[ eoh, ghS/ d/fynk r[o{ ih S'fv efo
GkDk eo rJ/, r[o{ e/ ghS/ f;y Gkr/, ;' okfinK B/ pj[s/ f;y wko/, sK

f;y d"V e/ ikfJ g[eko/,ª;Zu/ gksFkj \ oy[ b/t', s/ok fpod[ j .
pB, fpBk F/o Gbk BjhI F'Gsk .« sK puB j'fJnk L
f;de g[eko/ ]kb;k r[o eh pkDh gkm .
nkg/ pB nkg/ f;zx, fpod fpjkoh okm .
sK fgS'I sho gzi ubkJ/, sK uT[c/o/ s/ ca"iK jh dh;, brk i[X[ j'D/,
sK r[o{ ih eo"Id/ e/ p{N/ gk; yV/ d/y swkFk, ]kb;k ih B/ r[o{ ih e/ pb
gkfJe/ wko GikfJ fds/, sK wI ezfpnk, sK jf; efo p'b/ . fqeFB T{XkT[ B{z oye/ nkg
ub/ rJ/ E/ . r[o{ e/, GkJh r[opyF f;zx B{z Gh oy e/ gob'e f;XkoBr/, Bk vo[, Bk
vo[ sK wI o'fJ fdsk .puB j'fJnk, Òubk fJe' ]kb;k ph nKtdk j . fJsBh p/o
ykb;k nkfJnk, nekFh ca"iK ;G ubhnK rJhnK, r[o{ ih fco efo feogk dh B}o
fdsh . puB j{nk gjkVhJ/ fjzd{ sK ykb;/ B/ p/Bsh ehsh -gjkVhJ/ pBuo, ;kvk ykik,
r[o{ ih jZ; p'b/ shB p/o . ykb;k ih oki ek nfGwkB eod/ jB .B/fs GkDk BjhI
wzBd/ .
Gbh fBpkjh g[oy[ B shik b'r .
fifB f;oih r'Jh fs;, fwN s[wkok o'r .
ykb;k sK ][Fh j{nk, wjK f;zx B/ i[X eh pks ;G ;[DkfJ fdsh
gfjbh ;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh tkfjr[o{ ih .1.
2
d{ih ;kyh r[o{ ih e/ j}{o, gowkBzd t}ho fwbk ;h sK gow ;B/j
eo r[o{ ih e/ j}{o dhtkB ftu . ;G dhtkB g{oB Ek, sK ngB/ ngB/
gzE eh eEk ubh, wdB dk; pokrh p/Bsh eoh ih gksFkj \ eVkj/ ek
eVkj gq;kd, w'jB G'r jB{zwkB, d/th ek go;kfd pkp/ BkBe feT[I bhsk,
p[ZY/ nkj/ sK fgnkok brk nkjk . puB j{nk J/e p/o ;kJhIdk; pokrh
g[fSnk ;h, sK r[o pkp/ ;kfjp ih efjnk, ÒJ/e p/o jw T[sokyzv rJ/
nkj/, gfjbh T[dk;h Eh, sK iKd/ iKd/ fjwB{o gops go rJ/, sjK f;X,
BkE nkfJ pm/,ªnkd/; ;kX' \ nkd/; .« sK r[o{ ih p'b/,ªeosko« ;fs
eosko f;X' \« sK ;G g[eko/- BkBe sgk Gzvkok d/t' f;XK e', Gzvko/ ek
gq;kd ytkt', sK r[o{ ih wodkB/ B{z GkJh pkb/ B{z pmkfJe/ ub/ pB e',

f;XK B{z fBT[Isk Gzvko/ ek efj eo pm', eosko d/trk . d{o Bdh
rzrk e/ sN ub/ iks/ E/, nkr/ fJe f;X nkfJnk o/sk d/ frnk, J/e f;X
ek o{g dq'jfD ib d/ rfJnk,J/e wjK f;fX fpG{s d/ frnk pj[s/ cb
dky, fwou, uo"IIIih b fwb/ . c/fo nzso fXnkB j' rJ/ nkj/, sK pkpk
w[fV efo nkJ/, pkb/ B{z eoe/ gVdk f;b ek pmkfJ fdsk, iK pkpk ih
rJ/ sK f;XK phukfonk ;h, ezd w{b bD/ sgk rfJnk jrk, n;h ph fpqg
j'fJ pmhn, ;G f;X fpqX p[ZY/ fiBQK e/ dKs ph BjhI n;/ j'fJ pm/, sK p'b//
r[o{ ih ªf;X/ \ b/t',« br/ d/tD, sK f;X ;zp{fj j' pm/ sK r[o{ ih fofX
tXkJh, ;GBk B{z g{ok eo fdsk . fgS'I f;X p'b/, ªsgk ih \ XzB j' XzfB j',
J/j gq;kfd s[w Gh nut', s[jkB{z Gh ykfJnk ukjhd/ .« sK r[o{ ih ykfJe
p'b/,
J/j jwkok f;X ih, gktB eD gq;kfd .
sg[ ig[ [pos ;G fpqX j'fJ j't wfB nfjbkfd .
sp f;X p'b/, sgk ih tkfj tkfj .
yzv dJh Eh fpFB[ ih wdk dhnk wjKd/t .
ib xhT[ pjwk dhnk cb dhBk fofy d/t .
egVk gVdk gZsoek dhnk GtkBh jkfo .
fifB e/ oZye nkg Jh; jwoh M{mh okfo .
eo' fyek ;G d/t G'r s[wok wjK gq;kfd .
efb wfj d/t gqhs ykfJ g[zB gkg Bfj ykfd .
ghS puB ehsk ªf;X' \ ;"ca tkbk eVkj[ sK jB{wkB B'I, y'g/ tkbk d/th
dk, fwou w/tk uo"Iih tkbk . r[o{ ih B{z G'r brrk fsqGktbh ek, xN
r[o{ ih B{z Bk gj[zurk . sK f;X nzso fXnkB j'fJ rJ/ . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh
d{ih . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .2.
3
;kyh sh;oh ubh, J/e p/o r[o{ ih pm/ E/ . doFB B{z ;zrfs pj[s
J/emh nkD GJh Eh, ;' r[o{ ih doFB eh wfjwk eos/ E/, sjK doFB
dhnk . r[o{ ih, Fkb ;kE g[Fkeh gfjo/, ;[zdo o{g wkB'I e[p/o okik pmk
j, sp r[o{ ih ek puB j'fJnk, Òf;y f;yDhnK e'Jh ikD BjhI d/Dk ,

puB s/ ;G ;zrs o'e oyh, sK ;G f;yK eh GktBk T[dk; j{Jh,
fszB fdB j'o, ;zrfs o'e oyh, sK ;zrs ekjbh j{Jh . J/e f;y E/ wkbe
e/, r[o{ ih e/ j}{o ehosB j'Idk ;h . e'Jh efj Bfj ;e/ T[; ;w/I f;yK B{z
xo ek ekw pj[s Ek, ;' J/e p:'Is ehsk, r[o{ ih e/ o'e s/ S{ND/ ek,
gqgzu ofunk .
J/e w[od/ eh soQK f;y gkfJnk ;hVQh wKM . ehosB eos/ ikt,
Fpd gVQd/ iktI . Ò;/te eh UVe fBpjh gqhsh .Ó J/j s[e gVQd/ iktI,
r[o{ ih ijK pm/, T{jK s/ gk; j'fJ eo fBe;/, sK g[SDk ehsk, fJj F'o,
;zrfs ftu o'tDK feT[I j'Idk j, sK f;y ikfJe/, g[fSnk , c/o w[fV efo
efjnk,ih ;u/ gkfsFkj \ f;y j[ew ;fs j'fJ rfJnk j .sK puB j'nk,
Jhjk b nkt', sK puB wzB r/ f;y p[bkfJ b nkfJ, T{jK r[o{ ih e/ B}o
;kwQDk , T[sko e/ fwqse B' Fpd eh s[e rKtD/ br/, gq/w ;kfE nzM{ ub/
iktfjI, o'tDk ;G f;y f;yDhnK ek pzd j{nk sK xVhnK uko phshnK
nkjhnK, sK r[o{ ih nodk;hJ/ f;y B' puB ehsk, ªGkJh f;yh d{o j,
ehosB , fenk eork gq/w ek o'tDk .«
;t:k
o'ts ohM go r[od/t d' w{J/ e' o'ts rqkw eh Bkoh .
ehosB s/ i" ohM go sk eho eg's geko T[ukoh .
BQkt dkdo, w'B ;' fpqS j pkBo izrb pk; pBkoh .ghqs gqshfs eh
b/; fpBk f;y gzvs rkfJe ikts jkoh.
sK fco nodk;hJ/ p/Bsh eoh, ªih ;u/ gkfsFkj \ r[o{ e/ doFB efo
f;yK ek T[Xko j'Idk j, r[od/t ek do;fB ehosB J/j[ f;y eos/ j .
f;y ;zrs ;fG T[XoIr/, sK puB j'fJnk L
wBw[y jkfo r[ow[fy ir ihsk .
;t:k
;{oi doFB b'r eoI ;G gkg B ikts d'}e ikt .
gkBh ;[ d/t Bjh ir Ghso G/Ns shoE gq/s p[bkt .
fJzd e/ skok e/ gtB ;[o/Fo doFB s/ Bfj S{NB gkt .
b'e beho eh bki GoI iB j'fJ gqshs sK BkT[ sokt .2.

sK r[o{ ih efjnk i' sI d/yDk j, u[gbk jh nkfr ek b{mk bdh pbdh
J/; fwqse eh noEh j/m d/j, sK puB wkB e/ nodk;hnk rfJnk, fstjh eoh,
nrfB eh w[jkmh j/m fdsh, eZy pbkJ/,sK ;/e ;kE ibD/ brk, noEh tkbk f;y
d[Fkbk yZoD ckVe/BZmk . ;zrfs e/b'e fp;w j'fJ rJ/ i' fJj GkDk fenk tofsnk .
sK T[j ehosBhJ/, fwqse xfo tkb/ Fofwzd/ j' rJ/, nZyhnK ftfu bki nkJh, sK puB
j'fJnk, ÒGkJh fJj f;y Fpd s[jkv/ gq/w eoe/ ;[Dd/ jh ;[or rfJnk,Ó sK
f;yK wZEk N/fenk ns/ p'b/, ih gksFkj . s[wkoh s[w ikD' . ;[D' f;y' \
r[o{ ih e/ j}{o , i' s;K ek ekgN ub iKdk, g{ok efo iKd/, s[;hI sK
xfo ikfJ uouk eod/, Ò i[ i;/ ;G b'r s;/ r[o{ ih,Ó sK s[jkvk f;de
iKdk ofjzdk f;yh ek . f;y eh tb d/y efo puB j'fJnk .
b/y esfj B S{Nhn fyB[ fyB[ G{bBjko ..
py;Bjko pyf; b BkBe gkfo T[sko ..
sK ;zrfs B{z puB ehsk y[Fh eoh, ikD/ ek j[ew ehnk . ;kyh g{oh
j'Jh. p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .3.
4
J/e p/o r[o{ ih pm/ E/, ;zrs doFB eos/ eos/ fsqgfs B j't, J/e
f;y f;yDh nkr/ nkfJe wZEk N/fenk ns/ p/Bsh eoh , ih ;u/ gksFkj[ \
s[jkvk fdsk fJe p/Nk ;h, ;' fsnkr pmk j, Gb/ f;y dh p/Nh fgS/ brh
;h, i' fBow'jh j'fJe p'bdk j, ;kB[{z tZvk d[y j n;hI ;wMktB/ jK, sK
efjzdk j wI fe;/ d/; god/; ikfJe ceho j'fJ iktKrk . sK puB ehsk
, Òp[bkt'Ó, sK f;y ikfJe p/N/ B{z p[bkfJ fbnkfJnk, sK f;y dk p/Nk jfE
i'V e/ r[o{ ih e/ j}{o yb'fJ doFB eoB bkrk, sK r[o{ ih p'b/,ÒGkJh \
s/o/ wkfJ pkg[ efjzd/ jfB, n;kvk p/Nk ir s/ fBnkok j'fJ rfJnk ,
n;hI g[Sd/ jK , sB{z pokr feT[I efo j'fJnk j, ns/ s{z f;y fe; dk j
ns/ s/ok BkT[I fenk j, ns/ s/ok gouk fenk j, ;u[ ej[, T[wo s/oh
nmkoK po;K dh ikDh iKdh j,fiBQK G'r G'r/ jI s/ p[Y/ j' rJ/ jfB ,
T[BQK B{z pokr sK j[zdk BjhI , s/o/ pv/ Gkr jfB, s/o/ doFfB B{z ukj e/
wzrtkfJnk j .Ó
sK ;[fDe/ p'fbnk , f;y ek b"Ivk jfE i'fVe, r[o{ ih, ;u/ gksFkj \
feT[I j;d/ j', Gtib e/ iht jK jw , s[jkv/ do;fB efo gko T[soIr/,

nikDK fe ikDk, ikD p[Me/ g[Sd/ j', BkT[ Bzd f;zx w/ok j, f;y
r[o{ ek j'I, pokr r[o{ eh pkDh ftu'I gqrfNnk j .
fenk p[ZYk fenk pkb
r[o ;oDkJh ikfJrk w[efs j'fJ ssekb .
BKT[ uVQB eh GKs j ;Zu/ gksFkj \ wkfJ pkg B/ gVQk:k pkDh r[o{
eh , sK wI gfVQnk, pkDh ezm ehsh, gq/w brk gVQB ek, sK wI ÒnzBd ihÓ
eh s[e fpukfo e wB ftu Xo oyh .
J/j[ e[Nzp[ s{z fi d/ydk ub Bkjh s/o Bkb ..
;kfE s/o ub Bkjh fs;[ Bkfb feT[I fus[ bkJhn ..
(okwebh wjbk 3)
fJ;B{z fdB okfs wI fufs oyD brk sK n;k j'fJnk , w/ok wfB
T[dk; j'fJ rfJnk , irs s[S Gk;D/ bkrk, i;/ X{zJ/ ek pZdb j'fJ
iKdk j, sK wB{z ikDI i' feS e;o j' rJh j, wB{z ykDk ghDk , jZ;Dk
p'bDk fp;o rJh ;G pks, ;ofB s[wkoh jK, s[jkv/ Fpd ek r[D J/j[
j'fJnk j. sp ;[fDe f;y s/ r[o{ ih p'b/, ÒGkJh f;y' \ s[;h Gow Bk eo'
. s[jkv/ p/N/ B{z G{s gq/s o'r e'Jh BjhI ,fJ;d/ Gkr ikr/ jfB ,s[;hI J/;d/
yjV ws go', s[jkB{z j'o p/Nk pyfFnk , nkg/ jh r[o{ e/ ;wMkfJ b/tIr/,
n;/ jh B{z Sfv efo xfo ikt', J/; dh f;yDh ph ok}h ojrh, nkg/ jh
e[Nzph jh' ojrk.Ó f;Zy f;yDh y[Fh j' efo wZEk N/e eo xo B{z rJ/, T[j[
f;y dk g[Zs fBs r[o{ e/ j}{o pmk oj/, jE[ i'fVe . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh u"Eh .
p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .4.
5
sK J/e p/o T[; f;y e/ p/N/ Bzd f;zzx B{z p[bkfJe p'b/, ªGkJh BhIrok \
r[o{ ih eh G/N sB{z eod/ jfB, s{z gqhs eoe/ ;[fD . nkr s/oh fJSk j't/ ;'
eoh .« gfjbh ;kyh fBfpqsh eh . J/e sg;h pB w/I ofjsk Ek, sg[ eosk
Ek, ;zs'y' ek gqD Ek, e[Nhnk nzdfo pmk oj, gk; jh Bro Ek, Bro b'e
e'Jh Bo Bkoh i[ d/ nkt, E'Vk nEtk pj[sk ;[nkd tk e[;[nkd, dkDk
nkNk d[X djhI ;kr i' d/ nkt ;' dJh ek dhnk ikfB e G[rs/ . i'r gqkD
ngkB ek ;kX, sK wfX nBkjfd dPkd; G/d ek ;wMe J/efus j'
rfJnk, sg;h ek BkT[I ;p Bo Bkoh i[tkbk ejI fJe pko ;kfs fdB

phs, ;' sg;h B{z njko Bk gj[zfunk, ;[fD BhIro \ sK sg;h B/
fpukfonk i' w/o/ T[gfo eosko e'fgnk j'rk , i' jkE gkT[I dhJ/ jfB , ;'
T[dw[ Bjh eodk ,nkgD// T[do gqwkD efonk ukjhdk j .sK s/ np J/j[
eohJ/, i' Fjo phu fco e/ do;fB fGfSnk eohJ/, d/ts/ Gh pm/ e' d/Id/
d[yh j'Dr/, n;/ fpukfo e ubD/ eh fsnkoh eoh, SNh, fezEk, s{zpk, e[;k
nk;fB wkbk b/ bhnk, i' rqj;sh e/ xfo pkD/ fpBk ikDk BjhI, gSkD
gVsh Bk jh, rqj;sh B{z , fBokdoh ek d'y[ Bkjh . ;kX B' pvk gkg j'Idk
j, d'fJ t/b/ fGfSnk BjhI eoBh, pkDk Bh pdbDk, :EkFefs d{X
fGfSnk bDh, i;h e;h d/t ;[ bDh, fuo BjhI mjoBk, ns/ gZeh BjhI
bDh ikfJe , pkbe shthI ek j[E br iKdk j. fijVh gZeh fi; fe;/ dh
ykfJ bId/ jfB, ;' f;y ;kX BjhI .
d'jok
iKeh ojfs B ikDhJ/ r[o{ wzsq Bfj ohfs .
sKek G'iB ykfJ e fpS[V jfo eh gqhfs .
GkJh BhrIok \
n;h GKfs fpukfoe sg;h rfJnk pk}ko .
Bro phu fJe Fkj xfo, pv' iZr ek ;ko .
b'r'I eh GhV j'fJ ojh. ;GBK B{z geV e fpmkfJ fpmkfJe fitkt,
sg;h Gh ikfJe yVk j'fJ ofjnk, J/;B{z fe;/ Gh BKfj g[fSnk Bkfj pmkfJnk, Bk
G'iB dhnk, ngDk gqD efo feBko/ ybk j'fJ ofjnk . iK oks j' rJh sK b'r ;G
ub/ rJ/, sg;h nkgDh e[Nhnk nzdo ikfJ pm/, iK nZXh oks j{Jh sK d/tsk e/ d{s
d'fJ w;kbK ibdhnK jkE w/I sg;h B{z nkfJe p[bkfJnk. J/ sg;h \ T[fm jw d/tsk e/
G/i/ nkJ/ j, i' wjkoki eh nkfrnk J/j[ j, i' T[; Bro tkb/ Fkj ek xfo ibkfJ
nkt' . i' w/ok sg;h pvk ;kX[ Gyk ohsk jh w[fV nkfJnk j, pkD/ ek Gh nkdo BjhI
ehnk, T[j[ Fkfj pvk gkgh j, sK s/ s/oh ;jkfJsk eoIr/ , nkr/ j' ub[, xfo fdykfJ .
sK sg;h T[fm efo Bkfb j'fJ bhnk ejD/ bkrk-w/o/ e' Gh J/e w;kb d/t' . sK T[BQK
fJe w;kb dJh sK UBK B{z jh ibktD/ bkrk, sK T[j[ Gkr/ sK sg;h p'fbnk, T[j
Fkj dksk ;G ek, w/o/ ;kE to Ek, n;h nBhs j, iK nzsoikwh ftFB[ gq/odk sK d/Id/ ,
T[; d/ fenk t; j, ;G irs ek eosk j'fJ e eodk eoKtdk nkg irBBkE j,

jw ;G ftFB[ eh wkfJnk nXhB jK, jwkoh pzdBk j, n;h c/o BjhI eoBh sK
r[o{ih efjnk, BhIrok \ fJj s[e ejh j, ;wM r[ow[yk \
fenk t/ukok izs[ ik nkfg G[bkfJnk ..
;[fD GkJh \ s{z sg;h fsnkrh j'Dk j sK n;k jh j'Jhn . i' fe;/ ek
ntr[D Bk fusthI . ;[fD efo T[jp d/td{s wZEk N/e e ftfdnk j'J/,
wjkoki nZr'I efjnk, i[ T[j sg;h ;Zu/ gou/ ftfu gofunk j, sK
wjkoki eh nkfrnk gkfJe, fptkB G/i eo uVQkfJ eo ngB/ b'e eT[
wzrtkfJ bhsk . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh gzikthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .5.
6
¿Bfe BE y;w jfE feos[ Xe/ d/ ..
ijK dkD/ sjK ykD/ BkBek ;u[ j/ ..À
GkDk wzB/ j[ew[ o}kfJ.
nkg/ gNh ebw nkfg fbyDjkok nkfg .
d{ik j'fJ sK nkyhn ;fG xfN ofjnk fpnkfg .
;[fD GkJh f;yk \ r[o{ ih c/o puB efjnk, i' frqj;sh j'Jhn sK
n;k j'Jhn . J/e pB wI fpqS rkVQh SkfJnk tkbk yVk ;h, T[; T{gfo
eZgs eg'sDh pkb pZu/ tkb/ nkbQDk pzBQ efo ofjs/ E/, J/e p/o MVh
brh, ;h J/e g[oy ikbh jkE ikBto wkoB/ tkbk nkfJnk . pB izrb
G"Idk G"Idk ykbh jh wkfonk, nKXh w/Ij ek ;hs efoe ezpdk ezpdk T[;
fpqS sb/ nkfJ pmk, okfs g rJh, okfj G[b rfJnk, p'b fBe;/ BjhI,
G[yk, T[dk;, G ek wkfonk ;[zfB j'fJ pmk , sK eg's e[Nzph eg'sh B{z
efjD brk, ;[fD noXDh \ jw frqj;sh ikBto , J/j wkB[y
nfGnkrfs jwko/ xfo nkfJ pmk j, frqj;sh dk Xow j nkJ/ eh ykD ghD
fp;okw eh ]po bDh, ;' jw gzSh jK, jwko/jkE sK j BjhI, fpXksk B u[zu dJh j, sK
;[fD ;[y[dkfJBh \ fJj dh ]po ykD eh efonk ukjhJ/ .
T[dw s/ bZSwh fwb/ fiT[ gZy/ wfj gT[D .
fiT[I c/o/ T[dw[ ehJ/ pm/ dksk eT[D .
fJsBh efj efo T[fvnk, ;' J/e rT[I EK, sjK nZ:kbh pZeoh G/v eh
mT[fV nkfr X[ykJh Eh . sjK ikfJ e fJe bZeVh eh w/CDk nZr tkbh b/

eo T[fvnk nkgD/ nkbQD/ gk; s/ T[j gkoXh2 eh nrkVh ;[N
fdZsh nkjh, ns/ ;[Ze/ e[Zy nkbQD/ d/ nzdfo s/ Gh fdZs/ ;[fNe/ . d/y efo
Uj[ wkjD{3 y[Fh j'fJ, nZr pkbh, ;hs d{o ehsk . bZeVhnK T[jK pj[sh
EK . u[fD xsh, GKpV wukfJnk go G{yk EK sK eg's efjzdk j, ¿n xo
eh ;odko! pkb pZu/ Bz{ gkb ojh . w fJ; wkjD{ d/ E'V/ nkjko B{z
nkgDk ;oho d/Idk j'I,À sK Bkoh p'bh ªfJj Xow woB/ ek w/ok j, s{z wod
j, wE'I ghS eS[ BjhI j'B/ ek«
Bkoh Boe ;oho j fpBK g[oy[ fefj ekw .
;fs rfs dksk g[oy[ j nto[ B dksk okw .
sK g[oy[ efjnk
Bkoh fpB frqj fJT[I pBk i;h o'jh d[nko .
g[oy[ pkjfo ek ;{o1 j nzdo xfo e y[nko .
;[D BhIrok ! sK fJsBh efje/, nZr pbdh fJe eg'sh frVh frVdh
jh G[i rJh, T[j wk;k-njkoh Ek, pDkfJe ykfJ rkfJnk, sK ep{so
ftukfonk, fJj wkB[Zy shB ;/o e/ ykD tkbk G[Zyk jh ofjnk .
nkXk ykDk d/IfJ Bo G{yk oj/ i[ njko .
dksk n;k Boe[ ikfJ ej:' t/d wzMko .
sK fJsB/ wI w'j e' fsnkr efo nrfB wKM frV gVk . T[; gkoXh
B{z j'F nkfJ rJh, dfJnk nkfJ rJh, eo[Dk nkJh , XzfB J/j[ gzSh Grfs
tkb/, ;oho , w/oh gkbDk tk;s/ wo/ . wI gkgh B{z pvk gkg[ j{nk . j[fD
;oho GktI ikt/ . wI Gh wkB[y d/j jK, sg[ eo{zrk . ns/ efj efo gq/w
T[wfrnk , odB eoB/ bkrk . fJsB/ wI wjkoki eh nkfrnk gkfJe
fppkB befo pe[zm e/ r[D nkJ/ . wjkoki efjnk-Òw/o/ b'e B{z ;fG e[Nzp[
gzShnK dk ns/ gkoXh2 B{z Gh b nkt' .Ó ;GBK B{z uVQkfJ efo b rJ/,
;[y[ G'rD/ bkrk .
GkJh bVe// \ J/j d'fJ o;s/ jfB . s[fM B{z g[Sd/ jr/ jK , e/jVk
g;zd nkfJnk < BjhI sK y[nko j'D/ e/ G/y pj[s/o/ ;kX Gh, frqj;sh Gh.
GkJh r[o{ e/ dhtkB ftfu ;[u ej[, fenk s{z wzB/rk, epho ek efo
fdykfJnk, no[ i'r Gh efo fdykfJnk .
epho i;h T[gih g/v s/ iT[ s;h fBpj UfV ..

jhok fe; ek pkg[ok g[ifj B osB eo'fV
;[fD efo f;y p'fbnk, r[o{ ih puB wkfBnk nkg ek, wI f;y jK
s[;kvk, frqj;E jh w/o/ gk;'I pfD nktrk . go w/ok wfB ftoes jrk ,
f;Eb j, nzr[ e[S pfD nktrh ;' f;yK dh Njb eoKrk . r[o{ ih jf;
p'b, r[o{ e/ j}{o eh Njb efonk efo , s/ok Gko r[o{ e/ bDr/, GkJh
fgSb/ iBw B{z ;kv/ x'V/ eh Nfjb go[ Ek . n;K J/e p/o okfs B{z efjnk
, x'V/ eh ypo b/tDh , s/ok BkT[I wzv{ Ek, sI M{m' jh efjnk,ÒjK ih dkDk
xkfj pj[s[ gkfJ fdsk .Ó sK r[o{ ek puB fBeb rfJnk ,Òikfj
dfodqhnk \ sE'I xfo feT[I eo fBG/rk pokr .« ;', n;h ;[fD efo s{z p'b
efo o'fJ e efjnk, ª r[o{ fenK, rohp wkfonk, jwo wfB d:k nkJh,
sK efjnk jw s/oh ;jkfJsk eoIr/ . T[; d/j ftZu n;hI eosko dh B/s
eo efbi[r fgSb/ ftZu d/j eo Xos e/ oyD tk;s/ T[so/ E/, sK r[o{
gdth sg[ efo gkJh Eh, ;' oj', s/o/ e[Nzp[ dh Gbh r[o{ fBpkjrk, sK
frqj;sh j'fJe f;Zy Njb eoB/ bkrk . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh S/thI . p'bj[
GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .6.
7
J/e t/o poyk o[fs Eh, Gkdo'I wjhBk Ek, nBzdg[o e/ phu r[o{ ih ek
wzdo Ek, r[o{ ih wzdo T[gfo oks B' ;B tk;s/ uVQ/ E/ . J/e f;Zy Ek
bkj"ok f;zx r[o{ ih ek p[bktk Ek, J/e wjkiB f;Zy Ek eo} bD tkbk,
wkbk f;zx xfo s/ rohp[ j'fJnk rfJnk Ek, ;[Gkt ek Gh bZiktkB Ek,
T[;e/ o[g:/ bkj"ok f;zx d/D/ E/, fBs wzrD ikt, T[j ykso w/ Bk oy/ .
nkbk N'bk efo Sv . fJe okfs szr j'fJe f;yDh d/ efjnk bkj"ok
f;zx d/ xfo r:k . ikfJ e/ pj[s rZbk dk MrVk ehsk, sK eo}h
p'fbnk, jZe e/ T[;e/ dyktD B{zL
f;y f;y dk ykfJ eo fuzsk efo j d{fo .
fJe s[e p'bh, fco p'fbnkL

ykDk ghDk j;Dk, r[o{ dhnK G[rskfJ.
c/o d{ih p'fbnk L
i;k fi; ek b/y[ j s;h fpfX pfD nkfJ .
;[fD efo bfjDh efjnk, s{z }'o Bk eoL
dorfj j'D ;}kfJnK M{m/ nwb fiBKj .
iw{nk wzr wkohJ/ o'fJ o'fJ gS'skfJ .
sK eo}h p'fbnk,
b/yk e'fJ Bk g[S;h iK r[o pyFzdk .
gfjbk T[soL
ykt ykfJ Bk d'qj eo[ ojhJ/ pzX ji{o .
d{ik T[so L
i;k eow eosk eo/, s;k r[o{ G[rsfJ .
shik T[so L
je[ gokfJnk BkBek T[;[ ;{no[ T[;[ rkfJ ..
r[o[ gho[ jkwk sK Go/ ik w[odko[ Bk ykfJ ..
;[fD efo f;Zy dp rfJnk, ;t/o/ T[me f;y B{z o[gJ/ eo} d/ eo,
c/o r[o{ d/ j}{o rfJnk, wZEk N/e eo p'fbnk L
r[o s/ ftS[fVnk f;y b'Gh ekw ej[ .
pyF ro pyfFzd w/b/ b/ Skv oj[ .
sK r[o{ ih jZ; e/ p'b/,
r[o{ eh fJj nkfrnk ;jh, p/d Xow eh ohfs .
;kyh j' j'fJ ;gswhI, nZmthI f;yh uhs .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .7.
8
;[fD r[of;yk ! w[esBkwk ;G f;yK T[gd/; .

i' Bk eoj r[o T[efs, p/w[y M{mk G/; .1.
eo} Bk b/t fe;h ek b/fJ s d/t Gkt .
y[Fh eo xfo f;yDh Gbk fdykt ukt .2.
M{m Bk p'b Bk ;[D M{m Bk eoj gqhfs .
;u[ ewkt ;u[ ;zrshI ;uh gkbfj ohfs .3.
;u[ tkgkoh ;u[ ;{owk ;uk gzfvs F[X .
;uh y/sh ;u e;p ;u' ozr gqp[X .4.
f;y j'fJ i{mk Bfj ykt . f;Zy j'fJ XB s/ S[Nekt .
f;y gq;kfd tzv eo ykfJ . BKr' e/; G'r B ;[gskfJ .5.
ykt r[o ek Bkw ifg ig[ gVQ b gq;kfd .
BrB B d/y BkfJek Bkoh o{g Bk :kfd .6.
XB go xo e' S[t Bfj Bhu ikfs s/ d{o .
e[f;nk 1 wk; B ykJhJ/ gkfbnk ykfJ B ;{o .7.
wd e' S'v T[u ofjs uhs/ ghS nzG .2
wb fsnkr/ s/ fwqsek eo gd gkDh jzG .8.
;hs BQkfJ :kw3 oj/ okfs nzB ykfJ eo tzv .
ej r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx iw{nk eo/ B dzv .9.
goik s/ fBnko' fwb ofjs fpjko wKM .
irs-i{m4 e' SkvhJ/ gjo/ ozr B oKM .10.
;o[wk nziB fdB si BrB B ;'t nzr .
Bkw f;wo efo nkosk r[o{ fwNkt ezr .11.
r[o eh gkj[b f;y b ofjs ewkt rqzE .
i' pVk ;' ;/ftnk n"o B Gow gzE .12.
r[o{ f;y ek gkJhJ/ ezfBnk xfo f;y ;'X.
nBfoD fjs efo p/d fpfX j't fufs gqp'X .13.
g[sq e[;zrh Bk j't e[;zrh j'fJ B Bkfo .
r[o{ wzsq gVQsk oj xfo eh fBs T[m eko .14.
f;y B g{ik ykfJ fozu fBs eVkj b/fJ .
r[o{ G[rs jh ykJhn i' nodk;h d/fJ .15.

gq;kfd nodk;h pKfN d/fJ ;G e' ;wsk pKfN .
i' gq;kfd wI Jhoyk eosk s'V/ ;KfN .16.
b'G eo gq;kfd wI iw eh ykt wkfo .
;' gq;kfd rkb fs;h o'r d'y XB y[nko .17.
ykfJ G[rs iK ;wI f;y T[m Bk S'v EKfJ .
i' S'v fco ykfJ Bfj ;[yh XBh r[o gkfj .18.
s[oe s[oeDh s/ pu s[oe B eoj f;y .
uko poD r[o GkfJ i' ykfJ ytkt fGy .19.
G/yB eh pkDh si si ;hsbk G'r .
ebwk ek nzB d{o Xfo s[oeB ikD o'fr .20.
mr{nk fpgq f;fy G/y yzvB Bkoh j'fJ .
w[; G[bkt rop fpB fp;Pk f;y B e'fJ .21.
eo/ eVkj fsqGktbh ;[fu gftsq sB EKfJ .
r[o gq;kfd nodk; eo BKrk G'r B nkfj .22.
fis ekoi r[o Gkt fjs j'fJ GktBh g{o .
JhjK f;de ;kps GfJnk nkr ;[y Gog{o .23.
nkXk Bkw i[ b/fJ f;y ;' sBykjh w{VQ.
iwg[fo tk;k gkfJr' eo wb/Sh j{VQ.24.
fpBK nzBd fptkj s/ G[rs/ go eh i'fJ .
;[D f;yk r[o efj Ee/ w/ok f;y B ;'fJ .25.
;KM ;t/o/ ;'fJ Bfj i{m n;[u ofj d{fo .
r[o{ fBefN ;' f;y j d/tB oj j}{o .26.
r[o f;y y[bQ/ e/; Bfj ykt i{Vk e/;.
d;tzX r[o{ ek d/fJe ykfJ ewkJh ;/F1.27.
dksB eofj gqks T[m fJ;BkB eo/ r[otke .
gfVQ pkDh wZEk fNe r[of;yB ;'I ;ke .28
d'fJ r'sq ezfBnk si BkBe dkde wkB .
;'Jh r[ow[fy ;zssh ;fsr[o d/t dkB .29
;t:k

.30.
.31.
w{J/ jh f;y e' pKXt e' o'tfj Bkfj eVkfj eokt
nkBzd gfV ;G F'e si f;y ghN/ Bkfj B Fpd gVQkt.
;zs ;zp{jB fpgqB f;yB d/fJ ytkfJ ;[ G/fN uYkt.
p/d eh ohs e' fsnkr eo, Bfj feq:k e' wkB ;' f;y ;dkt
;t:k
r[o eh Skg f;o e/;eh gkj[b d/fJ T[sko ;' p/w[y ikB' .
p/N/ e' pzX e' Skg w[zvkfts iw d[y G're gq/s gSkB' .
;ke si fsj ykB si i' gkbfj sKfj ;[ gkgh jh wkB' .
r'fpzd f;zx fB;zr ej fJj p/w[y fsnkr feT[I gkgB ;kB'
d'jok
s[oe gko;h i' gVQ ihts bJ/ B ;[y .
s[oe whs p/;kj efo r[o s/ ;d p/w[y .32.
fttkfjB wI ;[s iBw wI woB sBykfj pyFkfJ .
;' f;y r[o ek ikBhn w'B/ nzB B ykfJ .33.
f;bk B g{i/ gkj[bh f;bk B gkDh ghT[ .
poB nk;qw eh ohfs s/ pu/ f;yB eh ;hT[ .34.
pj[sk eow ;z;ko ek fgsk fgskwk d/t .
r[o{ ofynk B' wkBhJ/ ;' f;y w/o/ ;/t .35.
i' r[o e/ xfo ikfJnk tvk ej fij p/d .
sg ig dkBh G{w ftgq d/fJ B fJB e' y/d .36.
o't p/dh G/d fpB o't gkgh b'r .
p/w[y r[o fcNekfonk o"t dhox o'r .37.
w/o/ xo i' nkfJnk r[o FpdB f;TI j/s .
r[o f;fynk ;[fD XkoJh ofjDh oj ;[u/s .38.
wI pyF'Irk gko eo T[; gd dksk nkg .
Fzeo dZs okwkB[i r'oy w[jzwd Bk Ekg .39.
poyk po; XofB go y/sh y{p pBkfJ .

[o ;Bw[y ;G Xow cb dhB/ r[o c[owkfJ .40.
w[esBkwk gVQ iB shoE w[es;o BQkfJ .
p/o eow s/ S{fN efo r[o xfo wfo efo ikfJ .41.
pB pskbh cb ;[D ;[fD f;y dhB' s'fJ .
d[rDh S'vs i{B e' fiT[I ;who yFp'fJ . 42.
sK r[o{ ih efjnk, fBjkb GkJh BhIrok \ fpr; . ofjs f;y eh
ofjDh, ;z;kohnK eh ;[fDBh wzBDh BkjhI . ;kyh nZmthI g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[
GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .8.
9
J/e p/o r[o{ ih gqGkfs T[m e/ pm/ . sK fJe f;y Bzrk dw ufVQnk
j'fJnk nkfJnk Gkrsk jh ;K iKdk . r[o{ ih p'b/ f;yk \ ;[y j < wZEk
N/e e/ f;y p'fbnk ih ;u/ gksFkj \ wI tDikok f;y jK, nuoi d/y
nkfJnk jK, J/e w'wBh B/ f;yDh t; efo Svh j, n;k wzso gfVQnk j,
i[ T[;/ dh pks p'bdh j, efjzdh j- wI f;yDh BjhI ofjzdh . n;hI ;[yK ;[y
oj/ jK, r[o{ ih p'b/-ghoh w[ohdh f;y j'r[ , FhjDh yKdk j'r[, sK f;y
p/Bsh eoh, r[o{ pyFhJ/ w/oh GkDih j, s/ r[o{ ih w/oh GD s/ wI nkfd
f;deh jK ns/ BkBe dkde f;y jK. s/ puB j'fJnk w[es;o fJ;BkB
eotkt', e[ofjs d{o j't/rh , w[esBkwk ;[Dkt', ukbh gkm ig[ih
;[Dkt',tkfjr[o{ ih ;jkfJ, nkfm nyo fbye/ fBuzd/ nkfJstko rb wI
nEtk f;o pzBQ' ;[ofs fNekD nktrh, G{s ek ;kfJnk fBe; iktrk,f;yh
;kps oyDh . GkJh \ ofjDh jh Gbh G/N e/, XB e/ b'Gh BjhI , i' XB e/
b'G s/ e[ofjsh e' pyFrk, ;' f;y w/ok u'o jl IU;eh f;yh r[o{ e/ j}{o
Bk gt/rh . wZEk N/e e/ f;y sK xo B' frnk, r[o{ puB s/ fiTI[ ehsk
fstI pD rJh .
J/e p/o r[o{ ih U;d/ xo rJ/ E/ i[zwD y/V/, sK f;yDh nkfD wZEk
N/fenk, p'b/ e/ ;[DkfJnk . r[o{ ih wI w[;bwkB t; eo Svh ;K,
gS[sktBh jK, puB ehsk f;yDhJ/ , nzr ;zr fpB gkg BjhI brsk uko
wzfwnK dk ft;kj Bk eohJ/-w[;bwkB 1, wsq/Jh 2, wAyh 3, wB 4,.g[SD
br/ f;yDhJ/ \ f;de nkgDk jE Nfjb eoDh ns/ gqshs eoDh . w/oh

UN nk;ok r[o{ ih s[;hI j' pyF bDk , ;D/ f;y f;yDh Nfjb
pj[s ehsh ns/ G/N d/fJe wZEk N/fenk , r[o{ ih y[Fh ehsh, ns/ puB
ehsk f;yDhJ/ \ s/ok p/Nk j't/rk , ns/ ;Zst/I iBw r[o{ ek f;y, ;zrs
f;zx eh wfjb p;e T[/XoIrh . ;kyh BkthI g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih
tkfjr[o{ .9.
10
J/e p/o r[o{ ih e/ j}{o okrhnK B/ ehosB ehsk ns/ tokr efo
r'gh uzd eh tko rkth ghqfs eo, ykb;k y[Fh j'fJnk . ;t/o/ ek ;wk Ek,
Fpd , ;k},ezm, gq/w J/e j' rJ/ . J/e okrh f;y Ek, r[o{ ih eh pkDh
fpBk gqshs BjhI Ek eodk . ;' T[m e/ Gbe/ fdtkB ftu nkfJe p'fbnk,
«r[o{ ih \ w/oh g[eko j, r[o{ e/ f;y okrh fpf;deh j'fJ rJ/ jB . r[o{
eh pkDh S've r'ghuzd dk M/Vk nozG pm/ . nzfwqs t/b/, r[o{ e/ Fpd
pkMj'I j'o eZuh pkDh . fJBQK f;yK ikD p[M e/ pkDh SZv e/ ehosB t/b/
j'o feTI[ gfVQnk .« sK puB j'fJnk , ªGkJh ;kJhI b'ek \ f;yK ftu ns/
r[o{ ftu G/d j BjhI . f;y ;/to Grs ;G Bkw pokr ;kf; ;kf;
;wkbd/ jB eosko B{z ns/ f;yk \ f;yh d{o j .XzB r'gh uzd fiB u"dK
; okDh ns/ oki ek w'j fsBe/ eh fBnkJhI s'V ;fNnk . sg eo f;X
j{nk, r'oyBkE eh uoBhI br T[Xfonk .
as[;hI ;G f;y r[o{ e/ j}{o pmd j', ns/ wB xfo ehnK ekDhnK ,
e[F'jDhnK, e[ofjsDhnK f;yDhnK ftu jrk, eS[ r[o{ e/ xo'I jE[ br/
sK xfo ikJhJ/ beo . s[;h fee[o r'ghuzd eh oh; eod/ j', r[o{ ;G ek
;KMk jrk, tokr tkfbnK dk . fi; pkDh Bkb tokr s/ FKfs ns/
frnkB gqkgfs j't ;' pkDh r[o{ eh pkDh ;wkB j . t/d ek tke Gh
fsnkrDk . d/tsk eh pkDh ph p/noE S'vhn . ;ko tkbk tke, pkbe ek
Gh wzBDk . ;kyh d;thI g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .10.
11

J/e p/o r[o{ ih e/ nrkVh dhtkB phu f;y Fpd eh GktBk
tkbk p'fbnk, r[o{ ih ;u/ gks;kfj \ w/oh cfonkd j ih , okrhnK f;yK
eh, ih gksFkj \gqGkfs wI ;[ywBh gVQdk ;K . fJe nFNgdh ofjzdh ;h,
wI efj ofjnk G'r gkfJ b/tK, sK s[;h fgS'I ehosB eoBk . w/o/
efjzfdnk j}{o cfonkd eoe sBykjhnk eoKrk . ;Zu/ gksFkj \ w/ok
fBnkfJ eoBk . sK r[o{ ih jZ; p'b/, GkJh f;yk \ fsBQK okrhnK B{z
sBykfJ BjhI .
jfo i; ;[Bs/ pks ubkt .
tfj sBykjhnk tvk ejkt .
GkJh f;yk \ s{z uhpBk Sektzdk ;I ns/ okrh br/ gq;kfd SektD/,
fJBQK B{z r[o{ eh y[Fh j'Jh .
efbi[r ehosB Bkw nXko
GkJh \ i/ e'Jh r[o eh GktBh eoe Fpd ehosB gVQ/rk , ;' ;z;ko
s/ w[es j'trk . r[o{ Bkb pfD nktrh, pzXB s{NIrh r[o{ gq;kfd .
;zrs ;G fB;u so r[o{ eh ;oDh nkfJ .
JhjK G[rs nkr w[efs wkor p/d pskfJ .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh :kothI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .11.
12
J/e fdB fJe f;y ªUnzeko« gVdk ;h, T[B s[e gVQh L
eos/ eh fwfs eosk ikD e/ ikD r[o ;{ok .
r[o{ e/ ;[fD eo p'b/, J/; f;y B{z wko' bkmh s/ gefV fbnktj[, sK
gefV nkfDnk, sK r[o{ ih p'b/ d{o pmkfJ SZv' . sK f;yK nodk; ehsh,
ªih ;Zu/ gksFkj \ J/; f;y B{z r[o{ ih feT[I wotkfJnk < r[o{ ih efjnk
j w/oh pkDh dh fJe s[e ph gVQrk ;' T[Xork . J/; f;y
ªUnzeko«gfVQnk, ns/ wko ykJh, sK T[Xko e;k j't/rk.« sK jZ; p'b/

ªGkJh \ pkDh y'i e/ BjhI gVQh p[bkt' f;y B{z .« p[bkfJnk sK r[o{ ih
efjnk f;yk \ gVQ . sK s[e fstI gVQh . sK puB j'fJnk s[e fJT[I gVQ L
eos/ eh fwfs eosk ikD e ikD r[o ;{ok .
GkJh fJ; ek noE, eos/ eh tfvnkJh eosk jh ikDdk j nEtk
r[o{ ph ;{o ;[u/s j't sK ikDdk j .j'o ihn ;z;koh ;[fD ;[fD e/ ikDd/
jB, BjhI sK nzX/o j'fJ iKdk , iK r[o{ e/ Bk ikDd/ . J/B f;y B/ nZyo B{z
fJe br gVQh . T[; ek noE eos/ eh tfvnkJh eosk jh ikD , r[o{
;{o/ fenk ikDfj, J/j nBoE j'fJnk, sK r[o{ eh FoDh feT[I ikDk j .
GkJh f;u' \ i' F[X pkDh gVQrk ;' fBjkb j't/rk, i' e[;[X j't sK c/o ;[X
efo BjhI gVQdk ,ftrVh t;s[ sK xo eh ;tko bIdk j, ns/ pkDh ;[X
efo BjhI gVQdk . sK GktBk fpjhB j'fJ efjzd/ jBls[e gVQh nekb
T[;sfs eh .
GktBk fpjhB ie iko/ Jh wos j .
GkJh \ f;yh gzi soQK dh j . J/e XzX/ dh f;yh ns/ d{ih d/yk d/yh
f;yh . shih fjo;h f;yh . u"Eh f;deh f;yh . gzithI Gkt dh f;yh ,fJe
f;y j'fJnk e'Jh, T[;d/ xo gdkoE pj[s j' rfJnk . XB , g[sq, d[X
ns/ nkdo . d/ye ukj tkbk j'o Gh b'G efo gdkoEK d/ f;y j'fJnk,
gdkoE dh b'V ojh . r[o{ Bkb Fpdh gouk B brk . shih fjo;h pj[s
i' ejB ;' eoBk, nkgDh ;'Mh s/ ofjs B f;yh, B ;zrfs ftu pmk,
gkj[b r[o{ eh dk G/d[ B ikfDnk.
;fsr[o g{oB fij bjk fsBeh g{oB nk; .
BkBe ighJ/ Bkw fBs f;wo' ;kf; frokf; .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh pkoQthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .12.
13
sK ghS g[fSnk ;zrfs r[o{ eh, ih ;u/ gksFkj \ gkj[b ek G/d r[D
ejhJ/ . r[o{ ih p'b e/ pfynks ;[DfJnk , GkJh fJe izsq j 1 . d{ik
wzsq 2 . shik szsq 3 . wzsq-;fsBkw . izsq-tkfjr[o{ nZyo'I ek i'V . szsqib,fw;NkB
b'j F;sq . ib to[D dhnk ;h, fw;NkB fJzdq B dhnk, b'jk
iw B dhnk sK FKfs eh ntfX j't, f;y B{z G'rD ukfj fw;NkB s,
F;sq ehsk i[X wKM s/i ;{owK j't/rk .uoBK eh gkj[b s/ ;/tk eh gqhs

j'Idh ;h . i' r[o{ eh fJfSnk i[ZX eh ;h, sE yzvk Xko gkj[b Skg,
d/th ek fXnkB, gq/w e/ fBopkD . ;P:/ 10 .nzBd ih FKs j'fJrk .
ig[ gT[Vh w'y e/ j/s[ .
uko gdkoE gkj[b s/ j'tIr/ .
gfjbK d'BK fpBK, sqhnk e/; .
;[D' GkJh f;y' \ wksk jwko r[ioh ph g[fSnk ;h, ;' efjnk ;h . sK
f;yK g[fSnk r[o{ ih d/th Fefs , nEtk r[o{ eh Fefs, puB j'fJnk
gq;kfd y[Fh jh pDdh j . r[ji efjDk pDdk Bkjh , go r[o{ B'
FoXktkB f;y g[S/ sK efjDk pDdk ;Zu . ;[D' GkJh ;zrs' \ r[o{ e/ xfo
ftu J/esk j, G{b efo G/d Gow BjhI eoBk, r[o{ fenK B/ J/e ikwk
gfjfonk ;h , sK T[; t/b/ sg eoB/ tk;s/ . fpzX:kub no[D e/ wKM E/,
T[; wBzPso ftu fpzX:kub T[wK T{jK sg eo rJh Eh, pqjwk e/ ej/
d/ts/ T[;sfs eoe/ b rJ/ E/, dIs dkBt nfis fsqb'eh ek oki b
bhnk Ek . pj[s po; i[X GtkBh eodh EZe ojh, oesphi e/ wkoB/ ek
isB ehnk go n;[o oes s/ tXs/ iktI . BktI nze T[go ;T[ fpzdh eh
frDsh eoh, foyhFtoK B/, fJsB/ oes s/ iBw/ wko/ . sp oes ek gkDh
wkB gqb j{Jh Eh, f;q;N ;[zB j{Jh , i;/ gZEo ib wI ofjzdk jB .sK d/th
d/ rD Gkr rJ/, eJh nkB bV/ . sK d/th nzso fXnkB j'fJe,
fpzX:kub go w{ofs j'fJ rJh n;[o br/ sgD, sp T{jK sg;h gk;
ikfJe/ ª;[p/b dIs« brk efjD , jkfJ jkfJ Bkoh e"D b/ rfJnk . sK
sg;h p'fbnk,ªno/\ pepkd Bk eo', Fefs ;dk jh g{oB j .« ;[D efo
wstkb/ T[MV wBw[y wkfo wkfo efo sg;h ;[wzv B' wkoB d"V/, sK sg;h
ftukfonk, w/o/ u/b/ dk Xow[ BjhI i[X dk . jw pqkjwD pqjw-gqkfJD jK .
sK fwqr F/o eh Skbk Eh, jzekoh ns/ s/i g[zi g[oy fBek; e i[X ehsk,
d; by gzi j}ko po; . sK d/th T[mh w{os s/ e[j eo n;[o ygkJ/ .
T[; g[oy B{z efjnk, j sg;h e/ sg[ \ s[X w/oh ;jkfJsk eoh j . wI
Gh J/e p/o s[woh p[bkJh nktKrh, wKr to , gq;zB j{Jh jK, s/ok pg[1
J/jh oj{, ªd[;N dwB« s/ok Bkw j{nk . J/j ;zrfs s/oh j{Jh, s{z w/ok jh
;o{g oZyh . sK goy p'fbnk-Bkw f;zx, e/; ybQ/ efN skr/ fpBk, F;s ek
s/} no }'o ,no puB gdth w'y fwb n;[o i[ZX . sK d/th p'bh, u"E/

i[r ek gfjbk gfjok j't/rh sp o[dq Fzeo Bkw j'trk, fpFB[
GkBik j'fJ T[so/rk, sK wI Gh s[wkoh p[bkJh s[wo/ phu Fpd gqekF efo
nktKrh . J/e w/o/ t;sq gqftos nKy nziB, e[Nzp ek w'j BjhI eoDk .
n;/ efj e/ gqqqq/w eoe/ brh NkgD/ , y[Fh j{Jh, J/e u{Vh J/e goKdk , J/e
eod dJh sK p'bh f;zx eh ykb s/ ykb;k . s/} f;zx ek nrkVh, fgS
gSsktk T[Bwkd t;s[ ek fJj s/o/ gzE eh d/tKrh eFN d/j ek, efj
eo rJh . T[j sg;h fgsk gk; nkfJnk, sK sg;h efjnk g[sq \ wI s/ok
fgsk jh ojKrk . pkbe j[zd/ ek s/ok i[X Bk d/yKrk . d/th ek po i[ sI
gkfJnk j, w/oh oZfynk efo bJh, ikU sg eo' r[dktoh e/ sfN gfo.
r'fG eh fBnkJhI w/o/ s/ T[gik j s/ok wI BkT[ r'fpzd ofynk f;zx
eh gdth d/th d/ S'vh j, sK gqBkw vzv/s2 efo e g[oy rfJnk,Bdh go
sg nozfGnk, ;wkfX brkJh, n;h wkfJnk GJh, ;wkfX jh ojh . Ghso
s/ ebk ;[gB/ soQK fBef; iBwh, GkrD wksk s/r pjkdo x'o ;wkXh
T[j sg;h j{nk . wksk fgsk j{J/,pkbe jh E/ sK fgsk fsnkr d/j ;[o
g[fo rJ/ . T[j g[oy d[FN dwB wI r'fpzd f;zx j{nk j"I . r[D ;G sg;h
e/ j{J/ E/, ;' ykb;k ;zrs j{Jh . d/th eh Fefs to eh Ek, ;' r[o{ eh
Fefs sg eh Eh . ;' fpfX fgSbh n;h jh Eh , GkJh p[ZYk p'fbnk, GkJh
fbykohnk \ fby fJj tke r[o{ ek, ;[De/ efjnk j . nrzw r[o{ eh
neE ejkDh . J/j' efj r[o{ ih T[m ub/ . wfjb T{gfo uVQ/ . sK wI
fgSkVh rfJnk, sK ][Fh j' p'b/-p[fYn \ p[ZYk j'thI \s/ok xo gko, ;kvk
T[oko . ;kvk xo gko, s/ok T[oko .« shB p/o efjnk s/ d/fynk .Ykb
eNkoh , eod pyFh . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh s/oQthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{
.13.
14
J/e p/o r[o{ ih dfonkT[ e/ feBko/ pm/ E/ . f;y Gh E/, r[o{ ih p'b'
BkjhI . J/e utohdko j[FBke f;zx Ek B/V/ . GkDk eh tofsnk , ;zrs B{z
gZEo ubkJ/ ns/ efjD br/ L
Bk ;'fJnk B ikfrnk Bk feS eoh g[eko .
p[Y/ Bo Bkoh :[tfs dkp n;[o etko .

sK ;zrs s' Gkr rJh Eh u"ohdko B vfonk, shB gfjo fJ;h
soQK j{Jh. ;zfXnk ;w j'F eo ;zwb p'b/ sK f;ozdh j[FBke f;zx p/Bsh
eoh, ih puB eohJ", J/j fe; soQK GkDk j .
sB wB XB nogj[ fs; r[o{ fwbkt w'j .
;' s'I r[o{ gkfJnk go ih jw tDiko/ jK . eS[ se ek noE }kfjo
j't/ . puB j'fJnk GkJh ;zrs dh GktBK d{o j' rJh j . p/w[y ;zrs
f;yK d/ xfo fco iBwrh . sK d[y gj[zurk sK ikBDr/, r[o{ ;fs
efjnk Ek . GkJh d/th ek i[X j{nk Ek Gkr e/ n;[oK ifJ efjnk Ek .
Gkort w'Yh Ek, r[o{ n;[e'I ek . T[B efjnk vo'I BjhI . sg eo oki
fdyktKrk sK sg e/fsnK i[r eofdnK d[nkgo i[r phfsnk sK n;[o
s[oi ;zfrnk j{J/ br/ Xow eow-ir nkfde . sK d/tfsnK ek Xow Gh
y[; rfJnk-sg irkfde . sK d/ts/ pqjwk gk; ikfJe ftFB[ e' g[eko/-
ªoy b/tj[ n;[o ek F[G eow S[vkt'«.
sK ftFB[ B/ d/ts/ ftdk ehs/ . ykso eoh sK ghS/ p'X ntsko
j'fJnk gftsq w{ofs t/d s/ pkfjok, G/y, p/d, ir eow fBzds eos/
ikfJe/ doFB dhnk . puB owDhe w'jDh p; eo bhnk . ;G Xow
S[vkfJ fdykfJnk . Xow ek }'o j'fJnk, sK d/ts/ d/y eo br/ wkoB,
Gkre pqkjwD r[o{ sqhnk d/; ikfJ Sfgnk, T[BQK B{z g[oy d[obG Ek .
sK d'fJ okDhnK Eh G'r roG dhnk . sK ghS ufbnk T[BQK g[fSnk e;/
gb/Ir/ < pkbe'I ek BkT[I ns/ d/; nkgDk fdykJhJ/ . p'fbnk-foyJh; s/
Jh;k j'r[, w{;/ j[J/j ek phi w{;k j'r[ . fJBQK e' ;p Fefs dJh . ns/
wdq d/; wB{ ek j, U; d/; fJBQK dh ;zskB gj[zurh, g[oy nkopbk
G'rIr/ , fco eo nkJ/ E/, sK-fcozrh coK;h; ejktIr/ . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh
u"IXth . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .14.
15
efbi[r phs/ gzi j}ko . sk bfr ;zfynk ejh ;tko
p/d ejk f;yB ;wMKT{ . w/ok gzE fyoB Bfj ikT{I .
nodk;h ;[B pkfs fpFkb . gkNb Bro ihs/ G[B;ko . 1
w'B fcozrhnj[ e/o r[fozv 2 . fwbI go;go T[G Bfozd . 3

.
w/o' ;pb fBpb GJ/ s/Jh . w/o' fBpb ;pb s/ j'Jh .
feS[ Fk;sq i' fs; efj dhB' . sK wI nB[Gt ww fJj uhB' .
iK br ojfj ykb;k fBnkok . sK br s/i dh:' wI ;kok .
w'fj gk; Bkoh ;[s pzXhJ/ . rkfJB jKes r[:e[b XhJ/ .
Xhn GD ek g;k ykfJ . pm d[bhu fBnkT[I ewkfJ .
tku t/d pkDh r[o{ S'v/ . fpgq Xow efo iht w'Iv/ .
Bkfo wbSh xfo w nkB/ . t/f;nk owB B epj{z fy;kB .
Y{zv gho, r[o{ oj d{o . Bkoh fBnkfJ eo/ Gog{o .
;[B r[of;y gzi ;" d{D . f;y FjhdB w/o' s{D .
;Gh f;yDh fGqsB ukj . G{gs Bkoh w[Be[B okj .
rzrk ojrh po; T[Dkjm . sp jT[I e[g fdybkT{I nkm .
f;y Fjhd G{w Xo iBwk . febe g[oh br okiB Gowk .
n;h pks sp pfB nkJh . ir e/ Ghso s/} ibkJh .
f;zx p/r j'fJ ;Bk ;kEh . fdbhg f;zx ri g/b jkEh .
fgqEw fcozrh b[fd g[o wX . G'rI oki s/i GJ/ sd .
fuzsk pXh ;rb e/ phu .;Gh g[eko ;fsr[o whu .
y{p Bkfo, XB T[v T[v b/fJ . sp ykb;k pj[ d[y jfJ .
wX ykb;k uwe/ dhg . fdbhg f;zx okiB f;oohg .
fgqEw Gky{z Gftys gop . i;/ efj:' fpnk; fofy ;op .
nepo pqjwukoh tg[ Xkok . Xow nkgDk y{p ;tkok .
ijKrho ;[s FkjijkB . sK xfo w'B 4 nkfJ ojI r[bkw .
tK ek s/i g;o j'fJ fdB fdB . ;pjh ikD irs iB wB wB
sp B"ork pzue 5 fsnkrh .whoK Fkfj eh ;/tk ikrh .
;kXB t;s jhJ/ wI ikBh . sT{ B S{Nh pks g[okBh .
GkJh wko , oki Bfj S'ok . dkok 6 ekfN Ss gd s'ok .
wd Go oki eofs fJj Fkj{ . jw ;' to tfX:' ;jikj{ .
eo/rk }'o ykb;k pow . fjdz{nkB wko w[;bh uj Xow .
fdt; pzdrh wZe/ ikj . wKr/ fJj w[fj B[{o ;bkj .
j{Jh ntk} oks e' n;h . ;p f;o pbh J/e fdB Y;h .
T[ms ;t/o ykp GJh ;kuh . fjzd{ eo' wb/Sh skuh .
J/e eo{z d{ik BjhI oj . n;' j[ew ;Bkgfs ej .
G{fw wkfj ifjz c/o YzY'ok . eokwks ek bhB fBj'ok .

.
eor' i[X jw ;' fBs Gkoh . jfo eh eoBh Bkfj ftukoh
;p okiB ;'I j/s pBkJh . jw go }'o eo Bo ;KJh .
r[ogq;kfd w}p ifjI Xkok . wkoIr/ ;G i[ZX wMkok .
s[oe iht s/i fpB iht . feos ewkJ/ oki Bj Eht .
S'v eb/to poy fsskbh . MkV MkV e/ f;zx f;zxkbh .
wkos e{Ns wo woktI . ;h; nzs rBsh BjhI nktI .
Ghw f;zx wkork Brok . b{N rkT[I g[fo ;ro' prok .
;' g{oB ip j'fJ nkmkok . jw pg[ nkB ukbh;k Xkok ..
itB ezXkoh nktfj iKfj . :k fpfX d/; T{io ;G rKfJ .
sp TZ[Bh ; po; T[Bh; . Bro phu G{gfs ozr sh; .
wko e{N g{op s/ nkt . ;B fgnkdh Jh;/ gkt .
fwb ykb;k nkgB c{N . Bo Bkoh xo ;ro/ N{N .
F;sqB S'v fpgqB eh oh; .:k fpX pB rJ/ s/sh; .
;Zs po; ekjb ww gzE . wo b[rkJh Xow ftgzE .
sp fJj fpfX n;h pD nkt . f;zx G{gfs e/ ofjB B gkt.
tDikok w/ok fJe f;Zy . Xow j/s fcosk ft;fwy .
efbe Bro c{fN j'fJn nkJh . rqfj rqfj Ghso ebQk irkJh .
dPkd; po; feS[ ikBk Bkjh .
fdbhg f;zx iBwfs GfJnk Fkjh .
r[gfs gZy wI Gh sp eo'I . J/e ph; poyB br bo"I .
fcoI fcozrh f;zxB gzE . X; nkfJ gqik f;T[I ;zX .
;p Bhsh eos/ ;fs ;kfs . po; ph; ikg d; ;ks .
J/e wb/Sh pzdB Bkwk . gqik poB w/N/ ;[y Xkwk .
rT{ f;zx ek pB fiT[I ;zr . ;fji poy phs/ fBj;zr .
fobg[o phu pkYh ;[s j'Jh . pb{nk oki eork ;'Jh .
d/; gzikp ;{d i' j'fJnk . fsB fJj gzE woB efo e'fJnk .
fjzdth T[sq dZSB g{op . fdZbh Fkj g[o ;ebk w{op .
eS[e[ ejh pj[sh ofj rJh . eEk eosko fp;soh ojh .
w[be eFwho d[y d/fJ ip . fpqg fpFB i;[ ;[s j'fJ sp .
efbeh o{g ojh ntskok . ;zGb wzdo phu T[ikok .
eb phsk jkfJB ;s[ dkj[ . ebeh T[gi ;tko/ okj[ .
ik fpfX f;zx r[o{ ek f;Zy . fpgq ;ko;[s j't fofy .

wkB r[o e" eo/ gq;kfd . p; FhoBh ykt pkd.
d[fJ d; pkb poy tg[ Xkok . Bkoh fsqeNk ftnkjh pkok .
wko wb/SB Xow fdqV pzXk . gzu gzuk; d/fJ ofj ;zXk .
Bkoh b/tB fpgq eh Xkt . sp pkb pj[ s/} fdykt .
go;[okw ;w fJj ntskok . fpgq s/} Xkfo ekoi ;kok .
fp;B[ Fowk sg ehB nozG . iKs/ pkd G:' gquzv .
fJj fpfX f;y ;G Gky ;[BkJh . jw ntso fpgq frqj ikJh .
sK br Fjhd pskbh gzefs . ;/t eo w[fj Gkoh ;zrfs .
oktB Gqks eh G{ik b/t . fpgq f;y eh ypo Bk ;/t .
r[gs Gftys eEk ejkJh . gVQs ;[Bs ww gko gokJh .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh gzdqthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .15.
16
J/e p/o r[o{ ih g[Fkeh gfjo e ;gd j'fJ e/ pm/ E/ . J/e f;y ezX
fbzpdk ;h . wbk ShINk r[o{ e pkr/ go gV . puB j{nk ;zrs B{z ,
b/gBh f;zx B{z J/e swkuk wko' . sK ;[fD efo ;fp ;zrs d"V gJh .
swku/ XkfJ wko/,f;y fp;[X j'fJ rfJnk . sK r[o{ ih d/fynk, i' r[Bkj
E'Vk s/ wko pkjbh . sK ftuko eo p'b/, f;y ;zrfs r[o{ eh nkfrnkekoh, GkJh
f;y' r[o{ ih eh fJj s' f;y Ek, s[;K f;y d/ e/;K gfo XZgk wkfonk . p[ok ehsk, fJj
r[o{ ek pkDk j, i' e'Jh r[o{ ek f;y j'trk, ;' s' r[o{ rk toh Bk ikBDk, pvk r[Bkj[
nBoE ehsk, ns/ i' s[;h ej', r[o{ ek puB wzfBnk j sK r[o{ fenK J/e swkuk
efjnk ;h . J/e B/ wkoBk ;h d/j go, d{;o/ jfN ikDk ;h, i' puB g{ok j'fJ r:k j.
fJj Gh f;y GkJh j, n;h jh B/s j' rJh j . sK s/ fJ; f;y B{z p/Nh
d/t' . ;[fD efo u[g j' rJh ;zrs, sK puB j{nk, r[o{ ek puB
;p wzfBJ/ sK f;y j'Jhdk j . GkJh f;yh d{o j, s[;h f;y
ejKwd/ j' . pkDk r[o{ e/ f;yK dkj . sK f;y ezXkoh nip
f;zx B/ p/Nh fbnkfJ yVh ehsh . sK puB ehsk, ªfBjkb f;yk
\ f;yh r[o{ e/ j}{o eo fdsh nkjh . s[jkvh oZyh f;yh r[o{
fenk B/ .« sK T[j[ f;y b/gBh p'fbnk, w/oh fJj f;y-g[sqh GD
jrh . T[j[ ezfBnk p'bh, ªr[o{ ek puB . pkg B/ fdsh wI sK

j}{o jh ojKrh .« r[o{ ih p'b/, ezfBnk s/ eBs j{J/ E/,
oki/ pZbp;B e/ oki wI . okik e oki wI be' ezfBnk d/D
BjhI , w'b fpBK . XB E'Vk j'fJ rfJnk ;h . Bzdoki wjkoki
nykfJe XB fyzu efo dpkfJ fdsk ;h, goik ;p xfN rJh
Eh, pZbG;B B/ gqik B{z efjnk, ezfBnk jh b efo oy b/t' sK ;p
e{d gV sK ;roh roG rfs j{Jh sK ;G g[eko/ . T[BQK d/ roG iBw ;'
eBs j{J/ . c/fo oki/ d/ S''''''vhnK ;' . d' d', J/e J/e B/ , sq sq GkJhnK B/
xo wI oyhnK, fgSbh fwoikd s/ Bth fwoikd j'Jh. fenk ejDh GkJh
ekBQ f;zx \ s{z Gh J/; f;y dh ezfBnk b/ b/fj, p/N/ gKu j'fJIr/ .sK
wbtJh f;y ezfBnk B{z nzBd gVQkfJ xfo b rfJnk gzi y/V/ eh ;zrfs
j{Jh . GkJh p[ZYk ih efjnk , fJj ;kyh ;[ikB f;zx bkj"oh B ;[DkJh Eh,
wI BjhI d/yh . ni/ ph T[;dk p/Nk p;kyk f;zx ikDdk j . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh
;'bQthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .16.
17
J/e pko wksk ih efjnk, w/ok wB EVk j, s/o/ w'j eo p/Nk . wI ;[y
BjhI d/fynk, gfjb/ gob'e f;Xko/ nkg s[wQko/ fgsk, nki jT[I J/eKfs
nkfJ pmh jK p/Nk ih \ r[o{nK d/ r[o{ s[;hI w/o/ iBw/, ;woEk tkb/, d/yK
w/oh fenk rfs . w'j S[Ndk BjhI s[;h p'bd/ BjhI , Fohe efjzd/ jB,
ebi[fr d/th B{z ;kfXnk, J/;/ tk;s/ ;z[B-;wkfX j' rJh .e'Jh efjzdk ezw
dk nozG g{ok Bk j'fJnk , pqkjwD ;kX e fy;e frnk ,ebi[r s/
vfonk, sK j[D s[;hI w[M/ feqgk eo efj d/t' .ªr[od/t wksk r[od/t
fgsk,«J/j pks wkBe' . sK ;[D e/ u[gks/ T[m' wksk B{z feBko/ f;b gfo b
e/ ikfJ pm/-ªd/tsk eh pks efjDh Gbh BjhIl go efjDk pfDnk s[wkQo/
jm s/ .
ip T[m/ jw gT[Im/1 y'i/ ;fG fJ;EkB
ir:'fus g{iI fe; s[os j'fJ, gE wkB
sp p[bktk e/;' dk; . eKFh tk;h ;ko;[fs Gk; .
gKXk eZFg d/t ek szsq . igsk ojs d/ft ek wzsq .
X{VhJ/ nkfJ egkbh w'uB . rJ/ t; sjK oB fdB ;'jB .

c"i s'oeh Y{zYs XkJh . ;p e/ nkg rfpzd ;jkJh .
BkokfJB g[o fYr gj[zu izrb . fbt bkrh ;G S'vh ;zGkb .
wB{ wkiok nzp prJhnk . T{gfo Bfjo nfjBf; p; ojhnk .
wEok fw;o fwb fiT[I f;y . d/y jw r[o{ fYr jh fby .
fby wB{ eh efts ejkBh . sK fdB jw gd G/N/ ikBh.
;fsr[o{ f;o gfo c/ok gkB . r[o BkBe e/ s[w jh ekB .
wB{ wkiok s/ ufb nkJ/ . XB[yh y/s bzxs/ GkJ/ .
fBefN rKT[ fpgqB ek E'ok . ezfBnk Eh fsB r[o{ fBj'ok .
fsj xfo t; e{g goshs . x'Vk ewIsh oj r[o{ fBj'ok .
x'Vk ;/tfs ezfBnk skoh . f;y ;Zs E/ w'jo f;zx nkoh .
Bzd f;zx, ;kfjp f;zx iZN . p[X f;zx BkJh, ;Zdk f;zx GZN .
wEok pkwQD wfjsk Mhto . wbtk o;'Jhnk wzB{z ez[to .
;ZstI fdB sjK wsk gekfJnk . XzBk pqkjwD e/;t Go nkfJnk .
s[oe s[os wko' fpfX n;h . BB{z g[sqh1 ;/tfj p;h .
v/ok fco e fro go uV/ . r[ck T[G S'Nh ;h tV/ .
g[y r[o{ Bzdk fEs nzs .j'Jh nokXB Xok Bwzs .
gKu gfjo ek j'w nozGk . ;fp eT[ ;"Ig dhnk r[o XzXk .
pkoj gfjo nozGk J/e . sK wI d/th w{ofs N/e .
br oB fdB nzso G{bk . d/t ekw ;G nzrB M{bk .
T[D T[D w[D w[D r[D r[D o[D o[D .
;'bK nKe ikg eh:' X[D M[D .
e/;t efjnk r[o{ d:' G/N . w/o/ j'fJrk s[wjk UN .
jw Ssqh s[w ;ko;[sJhnk . jw ;[s s[wo/ s[wfj iBJhnk .
efj:' fpgq s[w jwo/ nzr . ikBs j'I s[w Xo e/ ;zr .
d/ft nokXB T[dw Xkok . XzB[ XzB[ r[o{ s{z pz; fB;skok .
w/ok efjDk s[wok j/s . oB fdBk fBs gVQ' ;[u/s .
F[ZX ekfJ pqfjwuo: ofjDk . w'B j'fJ B ;[D B ejDk .
:k fpfX wksk o[fu T[gikJh . r[o{ feqgk fBs j{Jh ;tkJh .
nogh d/j r/j eh pksk . nbg njko fxqs fsb ;ksk .
gKu wk; s/ BB T[xkok . ;[gB ;[jkfJ nk:' fJe pkok .
iK ifr Bfj nkT{I fdt d/jk . Bkfo wkB[yh s/ ifp d/jk .

sp ikfrqs ;[gB J/e ww GfJnk . phs/ wk; Btw d; nfjnk .
J/ekdf; fEs Btwh wkJh . oft fdB fdB ofjnk gfjokJh .
p'b/ fw;o nkJh ;[o d/tk . wKrh G/N d/j[ ;[y ;/tk .
;[gB GfJnk w[fj ikrqs wKM . b/ nkT{I G/Nk fdt oKM .
ekbh nkt nEtk gqkfs . eohT[ B Ghs fus ofy FKs .
ub/ fw;o eS[ wB GfJnk E'ok . iK fpfX ww fYr ejh fBj'ok .
ikw J/e fdB xVhnK uko . irwr gops Mwe/ gjko .
fenk dkwfB fenk ;{oi fJzd . dwfe:' rrB w{ofs G[fJ ;zr .
whu BB T[m j{nk mKYk . fBoyh J/e pko w[y oKvk .
ªs[wjh s[wjh« puB gqekF . Xow ;ku G:' nki fBek;k .
wrB j{nk ir r:' G[bkJh . p/Nk fBe;k G/N ejkJh .
pbh j;s whu roikBh . gzE ;e/; dhnK T[o wkBh .
ghS T[;sfs eoh:' dk;k . ifp fXnkt s{z nkT[[I T[bk;k .
u[y fwu whu j'J/ ikT{I . ghS gzE phi[ fBe;kT{I .
ukbh po; ghS toskJh . oj oki s[oeB e' ykJh .
s[woh ukfj g{oB np GJh . w/o' efj:' ;ku fdqVQ ;jh .
F;sq S[oh b/fj fJj w/ok . ib fwm c/o tg[ wkEs t/ok .
;{o j'fJ rk f;de s[wkok . dhi ww e' G/N T[gjkok .
S[oh geo pg[ oefs fBekok . p{zd b/fJ ngo{g ;tkok .
bzeV p'bk G/Nk b'j{ . eSBh GSBh S[j[ ww j'j{ .
s[woh ;jkfJ i[X wI nkT[I . gzE bki e' gfss B gkT[I .
rJ/ d/t rD wB w' T[bNh . irs ohsh ;G sK fdB S[Neh .
eS[e nzsok wks w' okyk . Bfj g{S' d/th fJj Gkyk L
wksk FKs GJh fsj p/ok . ghS fcoh xfo XBfj, fBp/ok .
r[o wkfJnk Bfj ikfs bykBk . fsnkoh wkfJnk j[fJ w;skBk .
efj xfo e/ ;zr/ iB ;ro/ . okifB ;zr to G:' sro/ .
okik ;fG fwb X{w wukJh . bo f;y r[o w;se fB:kJh .
nkfJnk G'otk fdB fdi e/;t . jkfE i'V p'b/ ;p ;/Ft .
d/t fqeqgk ww s[w gq;kdk . dh:' wzsq e[b r[o w[fj nkdk .
;tk bky d/T{Ir/ XBk . fJj efj w/fb:' nzrB xBk .
ijK sjK s[w n;h pBh . ;p jh s[wo/ oZSe r[Bh .

fgqEw o'fJ g[B fpgq Gkyk . wfj nfGbky ;ku[ s[fj nkyk .
sp fpgq r[o ;'I fiT[I frBk . rfJnk ej{z fco frBk B ;[Bk .
J/e fdBk g{Sh ej[ Bkw . Ek ;'Yh r[o gd fp;okw .
fpgq ejK fJj r:' gbkJh < p'b/ r[o{,ªfJB d/jh gkjh .
jwo' f;y j'fJ ntso . oD f;zx Bkw G{fw go Xo .«
pj[s fB;zr fGork ipjh . eo oki jzekoh spjh
sh;o iBw bj"o wI ikt .sp T[Xork ww fYr nkt .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh ;skothI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .17.
18
J/e p/o f;yK cfonkd eoh , bKroh gq;kd ek seokoh j . jZ; e/
p'b, bKroh b'Gh j r[o XB ykfJnk j, w;zd jrk iBw fgSb/ ek, G{yk
j, ikU s/r r[o{ eh, d/r tkfjr[o{ ih eh . ;Pkd pj[s d/r wI j'trk .
gkj[bhnk gq;kd d/r dkB s/ yktrk , ;' f;y BjhI . GkJh ofjs eo
gq;kfd, f;y' \ nkg jh eo b/t' . i' Sektrk ;' fBjkb j'trk . r[o{ ek
gzE ;GBK nkFqwK s/ fsnkoh, nodk; efo tosktDk, ªst gq;kfd« st
efj SeDk ns/ u[bh gVQDh . x'V/ F;sq dh fBs ypo . go s[oe f;T[I
to , gjkVh , ;[fBnkok, fwsqkJh Bjh , you r[o{ d/trk , Ssqh ;zfBnk;
s[wkok , ykb;k ih nXhB Fpd e/, ;/tk f;yK dh . i' f;y gq;kfd Sedk
T[mkfJ bt/ ns/ ykfJe/ b'G eo/ ns/ f;y d/ xfo wzd B}o d/y, ;' eq'VhI
Boe G[rsrk, j[wkok BjhI . gq;kd eh cb gktrk . f;y B/ fttkjrk ;'
fB;sork . ;kyh g[{oh j'Jh nmkoQthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .18.
19
J/e p/o r[o{ ih B{z f;yK B/ s/ xo e/ ;BpzXhnK efjnk, gjkVhJ/
;[bkj eod/ jB, sK puB j'fJnk s[;hI ;G efjzd/ j', fJBQK dk ft;kfj

BjhI . Gbk d/y', sK efjnk-gzfwnk . r[o{ ek y}kBk wkbt/ ikD
d/t', x/ok u[c/o/ EK . pb Go e/ fBek;/ . T[BQK okfinK ;"Ij eoh Eh Xow
eh ;[bkj . jo s[w Ssqh jK, d/yk i' wkb gKu j}ko bkdk, Gqw/ wkfJnk
B{z d/y eo, sp b Gkr/ . bd tDiko/ T[BQK e/ jh bhJ/ E/, b/ efo d/yD
br/, r'Dk wI gZEo wkNh Go/ E/ . r[o{ fenK efj S'fvnk ;h gfjb', nzso
eh ikBs/ E/, sK gjkVhJ/ fy;kD/ j{J/, sK puB j'fJnk, toh ek ft;kj[
BjhI, ]kb;k to ek pdbk eork, ;[y fJj Bk G'rIr/ . drk p[ok f;y' !
wko bDk, go drk BjhI eoBk . r[o{ go f;de xo e' b'r'I e' j{nk .
r[o{ ek efjnk ;u[ ikDk . go ;zs'y Bk j{nk . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh T[ABhthI .
p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .19.
20
J/e p/o s[oe nkJ/ bVB/ . okfinK uVQkJ/, pvk i[ZX j{nk uwe"o
wkfj, sK fJe w[rb gkN e/ gKu j}koh ;dk p/r, r[o{ ek fjwkfJsh T[m
yVk j{nk, bfVnk ns/ ykb;/ ;kE fwbk . fis[ fiskfJ j}{o rfJnk r[o{
e/, sK wZEk N/fenk , sK nkr/ s/ puB ehsk .
T[wo po eoko . fwb/ y{p Jh seoko .
sK r[o{ ih efjnk - s[w p/r ;wM/, ezXkoh j' . gfjb/ r[o{ BkBe
G/fNnk ;h pkr wI, ;/tk eoh ;h . sK jw efj ub/ E/, p'bkt/Ir/, s[wkok
F;sq d/yIr/ . gfjbk s[;K Fpd ek gouk ehk Ek, ghS/ efjnk s[pe
ewkfJb eokwks . u{z ]o fyb;itBks . fJsh ;[Dh, wHb Yfj gfJnk
gohI, gho gho w[M/ oZyDk gkfJnk, Jj ;G ;ku jh Eh . np oy b/t'I, sK
T[j v/ok b[NkfJ j}{o gk; jh ofjnk . F;sq r[o{ ih pyF/, okik johuzd
wkfonk Ek GbZE/ ;kE, d'tI pv/ i'X/ ;/, ghS s r[o{ ih B/ jkE f;o go
okyk sK bVkJh phu wkok dhBk p/r B/ ;c ;zfr . r[o b'e ikfJ p;k .
pvk ezs[jb j{nk . d/t b'e p;k r[ogq;kfd . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh ph;thI .
p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .20.
21

J/e p/o r[o{ ih bVkJh eoe/ c"i GikJh . oki/ }'o efo bV
jzv{oh, efjb{oh, uzp/b, xs/g[ohnk t}ho f;zx, BkjDhnk d/t;oD,
okik f;gkj, ;p jk}o d; .
ykb;k eh db nkm ; .
s/r, sotko, ;bk, s[ge, poSh, f;go, ewkB .
j{nk i[X oD wKv e wo eNh fgnkdh jkB .
i[X ikrk . sp ;h; pkrk .
S[Nh sotko . eN/ p[fonko .
fro/ oD ;{o . oki ;[s e{o .
ihsk fdqVQ izr . ykb;k fB;zr .
pmk r[o d{o . d/y oD g{o .
b'j{ Bd bkb . x'V/ ri ;kb .
nkyo fiT[I j' . ykb;k yb/ j' .
jko/ v{rokB . ykb;/ fdykB .
x'V/ Bhb/ gqukfJ . ghS/ w[V' fp;wkfJ .
;[Dh oD wkfo . jN/ ;{o nB[jko .
ykb;k ;G jNek . toh nkB ;Nek .
g[eko/ ;p f;zx . d[VkJ/ feekB Gky fwqfrzd .
sp B"ozr f;zx d"V e/ x'V/ e' efjnk w[j s/, Bhfbnk ! yVk oj[,
nkD r[o{ eh wfs ikJHI . sK x'Vk EzG frnk, r[o{ ih pj[s ewKuh ns/
nZvhnK wko oj/, go nkr/ bhe eoh Eh . ;' Bk bzxsk j{nk sK T[so pm/
s/ ghS/ p'b/ - s{z w;zd EK, f;ZyK dk yKdk ofjnk, r[o{ eh G/N, jw
ikfDnk jrk sK x'Vk c[oek, sK r[o{ ih p'b efjnk, ªr[o{ ykb;k yk;bk
r[o{«. ykb;k ih wko' c"iK B{z, sK ykb;k w[fV eo bVb/ brk, r[o{ ih
pm eo ;ks sho ubkJ/, sp X[zeko gVh, T[wvh r[o{ eh c"i, ihs e/ izr
nkJ/, r[o{ T[me/ y[Fh j' ub/ nkj/ . ;G ;[y j{nk . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh
fJeh;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .21.
22

J/e p/o okrhnK B/ ehosB gq/w ;kE gVQk . ns/ X[Be tkik, ;[o, skb
Fpd J/e efo ykb;k ;[fDe/ y[Fh j' eo efjnk, tkfj tkfj Gbk Fpd
gfVQnk,fBjkb eo dhnk okrhnK B, sK r[o{ ih efjnk ªGkJh ejh
b[gkJh .« sK f;yK g[fSnk ;u/ gksFkfj \ }kfjo eo' , s[;hI eh efjn<
sK r[o{ ih p'b/, J/e rKT[I ek u"Xoh ;h, T[j joN i'V e/ gkDh f;zudk ;h
y/sq wkfj . fenko/ go ejh Xoh ;h e'Jh b rfJnk . sK u"Xoh efjnk,
w/oh eZ;h iKdh ojh sK j'oK dh fenk ubh, fGokJh ;Zde/ v"IIvh c/oh,Y'b
pikfJnk, ;p ;[fDnk go ejh fe;/ B dJh . sp xo br/ N'bD sp Gh
Bk fBe;h, sK fp;w j'fJnk ;kok jh fgzv, U; ;w/I e'Jh p'b gfJnk . i'
fGokJh dk Gh xo Y{zY', sK br/ d/yD J/e e'D/ e'mh fgS/ gJh ejh . sK
u"Xoh efjnk GokJh B{z, ;[Dj[ GkJh \ ejh xo wkfj Xoh, ns/ b'eK B{z
;[DkfJe F'o wukfJnk feTI[, jZSh B eoh s[X . B;hjs eoh GokJh B{z, ;[D' f;y' \ J/j
GokJh dh soK F'oh 1 jh pD/ jI .
gzvs gKX/ i'sFh okrh gq/oe Gkw .
n"oB e' efjs/ ojI nkg B eoj ekw .
F'Gk dzGh ikg eh sg eh eoBh Bkfj.
w'b b/fJ wjzx' nu fst bhuhn okfj .
g{Sh g[Se/ T[gfVnk, oj pskT[ e[ m"o .
n;h pDh pskT[Dh fpobk ;wM d"o .
GkJh f;yk ;wM/rk ;' sork, efjnK gko BjhI ikJhdk . fiBQK B{z
;fsr[o ;Zuk fwfbnk j ;' pyFhJ/ ªªBkBe fiB eT[ ;fsr[o[ fwfbnk
fsB ek b/yk fBpfVnk ..ǻ ;kyh g{oh j'Jh pkJh;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih
tkfjr[o{ . 22.
23
J/e p/o nzB wfjzrk j{nk sK irs v[bk1 d/ye/ r[o{ ih nzB[ XzB[
br/ d/tD . b'e ;G oki/, nuoi j'D br/, sK wksk r[ioh mkfenk2,
bzro E'Vk eo', sK f;yK efjnk, ;Zu/ gkfsFkfj \ wksk ih efjnk j
;ocak eo', ekb eh ypo Bkjh fesBk e[ fuo j . sK ;[fD eo fo; oh

T[iVh \ xo j'Id/ ;ze'u B eohJ/ . eosko dk GkDk jh j, GkJh
Bkoh, ysqh, dfofdq BtK ukeo, fBnkDh X/D, pkbe,ekfJo fJBQK dh
w[ys:koh p[oh j[zdh j . GkJh w;zdK ns/ g/fenK y/sqhnK ns/ f;yK BftnK wksk
neb fdqVkJhn;[, wI ikD{ j{z . go w/o/ ws/ d/ G/dh f;Zy fpob/ jB . GkJh eoB
wkfonk Ek gKvtK B, sK e[zsh Befjnk eoB Gh w/ok, e[wkoh dk ;{oi dk ;[s iBfwnk
j;h . fs; ek eow fwqse p/Nk eoh:', sK i[fXFNo p'fbnk, j[D efjnk jfsnkoh
wkoB/ ek d'y fe;B/ . gfjb'I efjzdh sK feT[I wkod/ . pv/ GkJh e/ nk;oh jh ofjzd/
goh bre/ . ikfj, np w[fj B fdykT{I ;okg j{nk, n"osK ;GBK B{z . pks B guhU;[
ns/ fi; xo s[jkvk j[ew j't Uj xo[ d{o j'Jh:' . g[sq d/ j[ew Bkb d[oi'XB
rfJnk . ee/Jh dk j[ew wzfBnk sK d;oE w{nk . fi; xfo d' ws/, T[j xo BjhI
ofjzdk . fJ; xo ;dk nkgdk ns/ ysqhnK B{z wkork, w/ok gzE b{N/rk . s/ f;Zy MkVK
ftu ngdk G'rBr/ s/ s[oeK s/ yZbVhnK T[sokT{Irk , n;k ;wK toskT{InK , okfinK
dh oikJh 3 d{o eo'Irk . ;{oK s/ ekfJo, ekfJoK s/ ;{ow/, shthnK dh wi{oh g[oy ns/
shthnK f;ZyK dhnK ;"gKrk, Jh;/ dh T[bkd B{z, xo xo fJj swkFk j'fJrk, po;
ukbh nzso tos/ ;T[ toQ/ ghS/ dhnk wksqk s/ ebg 4 ghS jNkfJ Xok, sK f;yK wksk
p]FkfJnK, puB ehsk y[Fh j' e/ bzro ubkT[e/ sK ;okg Bk nt/rk .
bzro nNek . ;okg ;fNek .
T[; jh p/oK . f;y ;' w[fj c/ok .
ub' f;y' wkbt/, r[o{ eh eKFh dwdwk jrk .
w/ok f;y dwdw/ dh Nfjb eo/rk .
;' eKFhtk;h eh rfs . r[o{ ek xo FjhdK eh w[es .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh s/Jh;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .23.
24
J/e p/o f;yK g[fSnk ih ;Zu/ gksFkj \ Fjhd feBQK B{z ejhdk jrk
\}kfjo eo' fJBQK eh fenk rfs w[efs . sK jZf; p'b/, r[gs g{Sh f;y' \
r[o{ ih nkgDh ;zrs nkgD/ j}{o oyd/ jI .
nkgD/ ;/te eh nkg gfs oky .

GkJh \ ebi[r x'o jrk . r[[o{ gkbh nkgDh f;yK d/, skVB B{z
Gbk ejktB B{z . fJj f;yK dh j[ew ;Zs sK r[o{ e/ gk; . i' f;de
;kps oD ek ;{owk ;' sfonk ns/ p/ f;deh ns/ ekfJo izikbh iBw
woB wfj GNed/ jB . r[o{ yV/ ;zrs ;D/ T[vheDr/ . ;'bK sZsK d/j
Xko e/ f;ZyK dh ;jkfJsk eoBr/, d; j}ko po; br, fet/I f;Zy jwko/
tb nkt. i' nKtdk j, ;' ob iKdk j, SZgB e'qV f;Zy r[o{ B' ;"Ifgnk j,
eb{ ekb ftu, eosko dk j[ew j ;[ Xow eo e/ skoB/ jB. r[o{
T[vhed/ jB, e[p/o d/ b'e br, ns/ G{ go ns/ G{to b'r ftuos/ jB .
i;h i;h GktBk FjhdK dh j'Idh j, s;h s;h f;fX j't . G{ go ph gq/sK
okyFK go ph , wB[ZyK go, gF{ gzSh, Bkr iZy, rzXqp go, ngZSoK go,
j[ew FjhdK dk j[zdk j . iw e' d{s g[S e/ fcod/ jB . fJBQK B{z Fk;sqK
tkb/ pskb ns/ ftfdnkXo efjzd/ jB . Gb/ Gh jB ns/ p[o/ Gh jB .
;[Gkt FKseh, oki;h, skw;h sq gqeko e/ jB . nkgDh ;zrs gk;'I g[iKtd/
jB . ekwBk g{oh eod/ jB . d[y ;[y e/ dksk jI . d/ts/ Gos yzv fJBQK
B{z d/ eo ;tor w/I ikfJ pm/ jB . d/tfsnK B{z i' gj[zudk j, ;' FjhdK d/
jE j'fJe/ iKdk j, gow/Fo fJj feos brkfJ dhJ/ jB, ;Gh soQK d/
Fjhd jB . G'iB p;sq n;tkoh ;p w[pkj j, ;p dhgK yzvK dk ;'b j,
go G[bd/ BjhI, fcod/ jB . wkfJnk ek swk;k d/yd/ jB, fiT[I fpg;us
okik wkfJnk d/ydk d/ydk rfJnk ;h, fst/I d/yd/ jB, go d/jK ftu i'Bh
Gowd/ BjhI, r[o{ f;o go mKYk j, gkbh tKr{ ;zwkb bIdk j . fJj rfs
fwfs FjhdK dh j, BkEK dh Gh, f;ZX j{J/ ;zrs j . w[jzwd dh dhB tkbh
fiBkfJs ejKtdh j, fenk efjDk, fBr[o/ p/w[y i[ jB ;' g/qs G{sB/ j[zd/
jB . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh u"ph;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .24.
25
ofjnk jK . J/e ;w/I J/e bVek r[o{ e/ j}{o nkfB yVk j{nk . ;[zdo
nzr, e'wb p'b, wZEk N/fenk, d{o yVk j{nk, r[o{ ih d/y e/ p'b/, bVe/ \
s{z fe;ek g[Zs jI ns/ e/jV/ EKt dk j < e"D iks r's j s/ok < sK bVe/
efjnk,ih ;Zu/ gkfsFkj \ w"b/ ek p/Nk j'I . f;y r[o{ e/ jI, wI gkj[b yzv/

dh Xkoh j ns/ pkg w/o/ uoBK dh gkj[b j, iks r's ;[fBnkok j"I,
ns/ t;d/ f;ojzd jK . p'b/ r[o{ ih , bVe/ \ f;ojzd Ffjo T[ifVnk fe
t;dk j < sK gfjb f;zx ;[fBnko/ efjnk, i' GkDk r[o{ ek, ;'Jh j'trk . go
j[D s/ wI t;dk SZv nkfJnk jK, sK puB j'fJnk, s/ok xo dk ph e'Jh ;zrs Bkb
nkfJnk jrk < sK bVe/ efjnk, ªr[o{ ih \ pkg j[D E'V/ fdBK ftu gob'e f;Xkfonk
j ns/ wkfJ w/o/ ;kE fJE/ jh nkJh j .« r[o{ ih puB efjnk, ªs{z r[o{ e/ j}{o jh
ofjnk efo ns/ wkfJ B{z ph nkgD/ gk; jh oy[ .« sK T[B ;[fBnko/ fstI jh ehsk . fJe
ysqh d/ xfo wkfJ p;kfJ fdsh , xo b e/ br/ r[o{ e/ j}{o ofjD . pj[s fdB ghS
r[o{ fenK g[fSnk, ªGkJh f;yk \ ;[fBnko dk ezw ph ikDdk jI < sK bVe/ jZE i'Ve
efjnk, s[jkvh feqgk s/ y{p ikDdk j"I ezw . puB j'fJnk nFochnK frnkoK dk
rfjDk xfV fbnkfJ . p[bkfJe s'F/ykBhJ/ B{z d/ fdshnK, bVe/ rfjD/ go pvh
uks[oh eoh, ;'jDk xfVnk,b eo j}{o nkB ofynk . d/ye rfjD B{z ok}h j'J/ ns/
efjnk i' wzr/ ;' d/Dk, ns/ rfjD/ xVtkfJ e/ nzdo Xod/ ikt' r[o{ fenK B{z b'V
jrh . s'F/ykBhJ/ B' F"Ig fdsk, rfjD/ b XoB/ ns/ o[gJ/ d/ d/D/, bVek f;nkDk j.
fgS'I g[ fSnk, sB{z e'Jh np sK BjhI brk .sK bVe/ efjnk, ih wI ;s;zr ftu ofjnk
jK . sK r[o{ ih puB ehsk , ijK pvk r[D j[zdk j sjK fpeko ph j[zdk j
.
r[Dh ftekoh ofjs i' ftzde j'fJ fBFkB .
fs; w{ofs pfbjkoD BkBe fs; e[opkB .
sK ;[fBnko brk xVB/ nkg/ jh b d/ ikt/, e'Jh g[S/ B b/yk, ns/
pj[s fdBK ghS r[o{ ih efjnk f;y B{z, r[jMk s'b e/ xVBk d/thI ns/
ejh BjhI . ph; w[joK d/ eV/ xVtkfJ wzrtkfJ . ns/ efjnk, j}{o
wzrtk e/ s'b/, eV/ s'b/ sK eV/ ;skoK w[joK d/ s[b/ . sK puB j'fJnk,
;p rfjD/ s'b' . sK br/ s'bD ;p rfjD/, s'b/ sK xN/ . sK r[o{ ih
efjnk, ªbVe/ s{z sK efjzdk ;h ;s;zrh jK ns/ np BjhI w/o/ ftu, GkJh
j'o fejVk np j[zdk jh w;zdK tKr{ s{z Gh ;kX jh ofjnk . r[o{ e/ xo'I
sB{z e[S fwbdk ;h fe BjhI < sK Fofwzdk j'fJ rfJnk . sK r[o{ e/ p'b/ L
iZN gzikbh ue[ .
r[o{ ek je, ewkfJe Se .

f;yK g[fSnk , ih ;u/ gkfsFkj \ s/o/ sK f;zx ;G' pqkjwB,
ysqh, tF, ;{d jB, iN[ s[;K Gbk ;bkfjnk sK r[o{ ih efjnk . iZN, GZN
, BN , XBZN,w[fj d/ jm B{z gkbd/ jB . ns/ f;y' \f;y w/o/ f;deh fszB
jB .
iZN, tDikok, no'Vk ;kok .
sh;oh f;yh tzv fdsh ;G ;zrfs B{z, go GkJh j'o f;y ykD d/ ns/
b'VK d/ f;y jB .
fenk eork f;y f;de Bk Xkodk .
fenk eork tDikok iK Bkfj g;kodk.
fenk eork t/d[ ik b'G B jkodk .
fenk eork iBw[ iK BjhI fuskodk .
BkBe ;cb eozw[ iK Bkw[ eosko dk .
GkJh uj[z ;Zf;nK dk ph ft;kj[ Bjh L
;[fBnkok, ;"IeD, ;Zg, FhIj .
eo/ xks ghS nkrhIj .
ns/ uko eZe/ nkgDk jh w[ekpbk ;wMd/ jB . ek}h, eokb.
ekB{zr'fJ, ek;ph . ns uko dzwK d/ fgnko/ pp/-pkwQD, pDhnk, pyFh,
pbsD . r[o{ ih T[me/ wfjb rJ/, f;y nkg' nkgDh m"o rJ/ . ;kyh g{oh
j'Jh guhthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .25.
26
J/e p/o r[o{ ih e/ j}{o f;Zy J/e B p/Bsh eoh, ;Zu/ gkfsFkj \ w/oh
fJj p/Bsh ;[DBh, w/o/ xo r[o{ e/ w;zd rJ/ . sK wI Njb eohI ns/
pj[s nXhBsk eoh. gq;kd ehsk sK efjnk Se' ih . sK w;zd p'b/,ªr[o{
fenk wkfonk \ dkb o'Nh n;hI ykJhJ/ < n;hI s/ eVkj gq;kd SeKr/,« sK
wI ns/ f;yDh gohI gJ/ n;hI rohp jK ih, xo s[;hI t/y b/t' . sK w;zd
p'b/, r[o{ ih ek j[ew j f;y d/ xo'I eVkj gq;kd jh ykDk . gksFkj \
bfjzrk rfjD/ Xfoe/ fbnkJ/ ns/ SekfJnk ns/ nodk; fdsh, pvk d[y
d/Id/ jB . puB j't ;' eohJ/ sK r[o{ ih puB ehsk, w;zdK B{z b{N b/t'

ns/ efY d/t', f;ZyK B{z eZ[s/ tKr{ ekN yKd/ jB . fi; r[o{ gk;'I J/E/
jh d[y j{nk, fs; r[o{ gk;'I nr/ dorkj ftu fenk ;jkfJsk j'Dh j sK
;[De/ puB f;yK B/ w;zd b{N/ ns/ pKX/, fesB/ e[ fdB pKX oy/ . ghS/
S've efjnk, GktBk eh nodk; d/Dh, w/o/ w;zd j BjhI fJBQK B{z wI
ikDdk jK . fJj f;yK d/ tk;s/ okS; fJ;h soQK ojKr/, ªf;Zy d/ xo i'
d/t/ ;' yktKr/ . J/e d/ ghS/ pj[s/ feT[I wko/ . puB j{nk f;Zy f;de ek,
GkJh eb{ekb j . r[o{ d/ xo eS[ xkNk jrk XB dk < f;Zy d/ xo ;Zd/
fpBk ikDk BjhI . w;zd pzd j{J/, br/ woB, sK cfonkd eoI wksk gk;
ikfJe . ih wksk ih \ r[o{ ih sK nkwdB pzd ehsh sK wksk nkfJ e
efjnk ªp/Nk \ ;z;ko ek eki fe; soQK fBGrk, f;ZyK d/ bzro dh fe;
soQK j'trh, eo'X j'fJe r[o{ ih p'b/, BZ:V T[iV dhJ/1 y}kBk fgSbk
d'fJ bky S[gkfJ ofynk ns/ f;ZyK dk bzro BjhI Gbk y}kB ftu Gkr
s[oeK dk, tohnK dk . f;Zy' \ s[;hI b[N ykt', f;Zyh fgEh . r[o{ ek gotko
G{yk, ikt' fiXo'I feXo'I ykfJ bDk . sK f;ZyK efjn,ªgkfsFkj \ oy[ b/t' .
puB j'fJnk GkJh pkp' BkBe ih ek puB j . d; ikw gfjoe tosKrk
. GkDk fJ;h soQK j'trk .sK wksk u[ghsh j'Jh brh efjD, j[D Gbh
ftu p[ok ;okg j'fJnk . wI sK g[Zsq dk dkntk efoe/ nkJh ;K . puB
j'fJnk, ªwksk \ ykb;/ B{z ;kps eo' ;kvh ;G i'fs ykb;/ ftu j, ykb;k
Gbh eork .« sK wksk rJh . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh Sph;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih
tkfjr[o{ .26.
27
fgSbh okfs ;[fDnk, ;d/ yK gmkD dh ;tk bky ca"i nktrh . sK
f;ZyK fejk,ih EkB/;o ftu w[HbK gmkDK dh ca"i nkJh j, eZb nktrh .
sK puB j{nk ykb;k gKu ; f;zx j ns/ okfinK dh ca"i j ypodkoh
j[zdh j sK bV' sK MbKx 1 j{J/ s/ nkr/ jh ca"iK nkJhnK . w/w{ yK gmkD
ukeo r[o{ ek ;" nkdwh dk iwkdko p'fbnk, gkfsFkj \ fBwe ykJ/ eh
nki d/y' pjkdoh sK r[o{ ih ewkB pyFh . ns/ efjnk, ;ohe B' wkoBk

jh Gbk j ;t/o/ jh i[ZX wuk, J/e Uo okfinK dhnK ca"IiK . sK
ykb;/ efjnk ;Zu/ gkfsFkj \ you bVkJh dk E'Vk j , puB j{nk ªnZyh
whu'« ykb;k ih sK nZyh whu e/ br/ d/yD, ca"iK f;ZyK dhnK bkyK jh
B}o nkJhnK . ns/ o/s gZEo dko{ f;Zek, r'b/, r'bhnK ,sho sorF jh
B}o nkJ/ sK f;ZyK wZEk N/fenk pvh y[Fh Bkfb uwe[ gV/ . nkg o'Vh go
pm/ d/yD br/. izr j{nk J/e f;Zy go ;" ;" s[oe nkt .sotoh,eNkoh
shoK ek i[X;fjp f;zxXkfJn pVk eo[Xk, ofD f;zx, dfJnk f;zx, Xow
f;zx, f;:kw f;zx, pho f;zx ;odkoK ;kE i[N/ . sK ;d/ yK ;[Ddk ;h i'
r[o{ ek pdB pvk ;'jDk jrk, doFB B{z r[ZMk jh ukj/, s[oeK EhI vodk,
wB ftu pvh b'V sK r[o{ ih GktBk d/ye/ T[m e/ uVQ e/ ewo e;h,
nkr nkfJ efjnk-yKfJ ih \ ypodko j't . F;sq ;wkb yV/ j't' . sK
;d/ jZE i'V ;bkw ehsh ;Zu/ gkfsFkj \
y[dfJ dh y[dkJh dk p/fiB; pzdk .
nB p/fiB; y[dkJh w[ohd f}zdk .
sK r[o{ ih p'b/ .ªyKfJ ih \ v/o/dkoh, izr fisD gkedkoh .«sK
nkfJe go geV/ . v/o/ s/ fBe; ufbnk, cehoh gkfJ bhsh, fe;/ BjhI
ikfDnk ejK rfJnk . ow}kB p/r XkfJnk d/ye/, sK r[o{ ih J/e sho
;kfE wkfonk ns/ ub/ d{o . ykb;k bVdk ikt ns/ Gkrdk ikt . r[o{
ih ek v/ok b{fNnk s[oeK . b{Ne/ w[Hb y[Fh j{J/ . go nzdo s/ vo
.Gbe/ v/ok f;ozd w[fV nkfJnk . ghS f;Zy r[o{ ih B' ikfJ fwb ,
gkfsFkj ih \ ihs e/ jokJ/ ,j[D Gh puB j't . puB j'fJnk f;Zy' \ jw
nkgD/ nXhB BjhI, fiT[I , fiTI[ s[;hI ;kv/ tZ; j', fstI jw ph fe;/ g[oy
eh nkfrnk s/ pkjo/ BjhI . ;b'e gfVQnk L
ªªG ftfu ;{oi[ G ftfu uzd ..
e'j eo'Vh ubs B nzs[ ..
;kok gfVQ ;[DkfJnk ns/ j[ew j{nk .
w[Hb gmkD . fdbh br jkD .
ykb;k ;ofenk d{;o/ fdB ;b/wkpkd d/ okfj ftu v/ok b{fNnk,
wkfonk. Gkr rJ/, fdZbh gj[zu/ Gr/b .
;[Dh B[ozr . j{nk fdb Gzr .
bzph jtkfJ . f;o X[B gS[skfJ .

;kyh g{oh j'Jh ;skJh;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .27.
28
Gbe/ gks;kfj s[oe f;nkD/ ek}h i'fV ;bkj eoe/ ca"i e/ Gr/b 1
p[bkfJ g{fSnk, ªfjzd{ B/ fenk rodh wukJh, fesBh ca"i, e;k pjkdo .
fenk ;h soc c;b pzdk gho w[oFfd .« sK nfjdhJ/ p'b/ . J/e s/ bky
you/ fpyhdko . nB j[Fhnko T[wo poy[odko f;odko, f}zdk gho ybe
yktzd . pzdk p/ gho p'fbnk s[oe w[odw nkyoh pfjB Fkfdw . fjzd{
skohc yo ytkfJ . w}p jtkfJ ykoi eodw . fgSzI brk efjD fenk
eohJ/ j[D, pokpo BjhI, p w{ip wFp 2 BjhI, sK ek}h efjnk, wj[pfs
efo p[bkJhJ/, d/yhJ/ e;k j, ;GBK pks ek}h dh y{p ikDh . fby/
gotkB/, ªgkfsFkJh J/e j , s[w d/yd/ jh nkgDk JhjK, jw s[w w}p J/e
. BjhI s"I wI gj[zuKrk . ijkB ftu eokwks cehoh eh iksh oj/rh . i;/
j'o gho ceho gksFkjh xo ftu jB s;/ s[w ph oj'.« j'o jehefs
rop eh fbyh, s"o gksFkjh ek . gksFkjh dorkfj s/ pyF j jw e'
;[fD eo r[p{ ih p[bkfJe sp . tehbK B{z pyFh; ehsh ns/ Bkb G/fink
dfJnk f;zx ysqh bkj"o ek, Xow f;zx nkro/ ek, fbyk gotkBk i'je/ .
ªB[ozrFkfj pkdFkjh cehoh eokwkfs n}w{d u{z, jwj B/eh pro
itkp dorkfj yktzdfj . ;ks nipK fbyh wbehns ][dkfJ . nepo,
f;ezdo ,jwk:z{, fgdo, go do B{o pbe uhI yKtd . do jtkfJ pdB
yke nkyo nkwdfj . u{z sepho d[BhnK pzX o'} nkyo jtkfJ . ;kca
fdb fje o'} B eodw . cehoh gke okj uz{ p/gke B edo pohI es .«
asK nkgDh puB-Fefs pyFh . f;Zy ub/ ikfJ gj[zu/ . J/e okfs B{z
wZe/ gj[zu B[ozr Fkj jpf; dw 1 eoe/ . fs; eh ;{ofs wd e/ d{o eoB/
e' . fJe fdB r[o{ ih ewoe;k e;hI wZe/ gj[zu/ T[;hI soQK . iK fBwk}
eoe/ jNk nzdj s/, x{fonk r[o{ ih,ªno/ \ s{z eT[D jI

w;bzdhnK 2 S[vkfJnk . sK pkjfo nkfJnk, nkfJe r[o{ ih sho ek
eghok 3 dhnk,jwok ;wkbe oyDk . jw ip wzrtkJhJ/rk sK d/Dk . sK
S'fvnk iK frnk ;oho ezfpnk . ;t/o/ ;G[ feS[ pdB gke pmk .
T[wokT[, t}ho, w;bzdh ;G nkJ/ . ;bkwh j'fJe/ br/ pmB . sK dfJnk
f;zx s/ Xow f;zx p[bkfJ nkD/, j}{o gotkBk d/ e/ p'b/, tkfjr[o{ ih eh
cs/, ;Zu/ r[o{ ih eh sbp gotkBk d/ e/ p'b/, tkfjr[o{ ih eh cs/, ;Zu/
r[o{ ih eh sbp gotkBk d/ e/ p[bkJh . gotkBk nrkVh eo bhnk, f;yh
;kps eo fdykJh . B[ozrk e[S BjhI p'bk . gotkBk gVQkfJnk, ftu/I
gfVQnk,ªnwkB d/ d/Dh«rZMk gfVQnk ;h . sK p'fbnk,ªs[w e"B j'

ykb;kfj fc}hns[ do nkwdfj o'} nkBhnsfj .
sK nkdo G/N b e/ nkJ/, eghok dhnk . f;ZyK g[fSnk, J/j fenk j <
sK r[o{ }kjo eo g[SkJh . dfJnk f;zx ;[DkJh . ;kyh nmkJh;thI g{oh
j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .28.
29
J/e t/o r[o{ ih e/ j}{o fJe f;Zy B/ p/Bsh eoh ªih ;u/ gkfsFkj \ wI
;z;ko tb'I d[yh jK, w/oh efbnkB eo', w/ok iBw woB ek d[y d{o eo' .
gkgK s/ oy b/t', wI s[jkvh ;ofD nkD geVh j, wI gfVQnk BjhI .« sK r[o{
ih puB ehsk, ªGkJh f;Zyk \ s{z XzB jI, sB{z tokr j{nk j, GkJh f;Zyk
\«w{oy B{z ;wM BjhI gVQ/ fpBK, Gt/I E'Vk Gkt/I pj[sk, feS gfVQnk ukjhJ/ .
nBgfVnk nzXh i[ ub ;wM B nkt ekfJ .
pkDh fiBeh ;[X j fs; fwb jfookfJ .
GkJh s{z gfVQnk eo . sK r[o{ ih fJZe f;Zy gVQ/ j'J/ B{z ;"Ifgnk ns/
efjnk fJ; f;Zy B{z brk gVQktB, pkDh . ftu'I nBzd ih eh s[e gVQkJh .
nBzd[ GfJnk w/oh wkJ/ ;fsr[o{ w gkfJnk ..
fJj s[e gVQh gq/w ;kE, gVQdk jh v/o/ rfJnk , bzro'I ed/ gq;kd Se
ikt . fJ;h s[e gVQfdnK gqshfs tX rJh . iK wjhB/ fS: phs . r[o{ ih
rqzEh B{z g[fSnk,ªe[M gfVQnk

J/e p/o r[o{ ih p'b/, jfo uouk j[zdh ;h . GkJh epho id
j{nk sK gksFkj fejVk ;h < sK p[ZY/ gokswh p'b/ jwKT{ J/e p'b/
fgE'ok, J/e p'b/ f;zedo, J/e p'b/ wdBgkb okik Ek, T[iBh:'I ek okik
;h . pvk fuo j{nk MrVk tfXnk go fBokFk BjhI j'Jh . sK r[o{ ih
;[Dd/ oj/ .
ngV fet BjhI ;ehn jfo iB jI T{u/ .
iks toD gksFkjhnK ;G jh ojI Bhu/ .
sK ;ph b'e u[gks/ j{J/ . f;ZyK g[fSnk ;Zu/ gkfsFkj \ feTI[ g[fSnk,
ns/ nkg jh ej' . sK r[o{ ih p'b/, f;Zy' \ Bkw eh wfjwk n;h j . epho
i[bkjk ezrkb T[;B{z ;G e'Jh ikDdk j . ns/ gksFkj bZyK d"bsK
ijkB dh gksFkjh tkbk T[;B{z ikDdk e'Jh BjhI . d/y' Bkw dh wfjwk
epho dh t/oh gzvs, Fkj, i'sFh, td, okik, gksFkj j}koK jh j{J/ go
ikD/ BjhI iKd/ . Bkw ek gqskg n;k, epho B' frnkBh f;X g[ekod/ jI .
XzB Bkw j, f;Zy' \ Fkj ;ezdo j ;h . roi e/ fjzd ihsh ;h . T[;
eokwks d/ye/ ;bkw edw-pzdrh eoh ;h .f;Zy' \ Bkw ig ;' r[o{ ek
f;Zy . Bkw igDk ns/ Nfjb eoDh jZEK f;T[I . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh sh;thI .
p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .30.
31
J/e p/o r[o[[[{ ih dhtkB ftu pm/ E/ . J/e f;Zy efjnk soD dk
T[gkfJ ;[ykbk r[o{ ih ejhJ/ . Fk;sq gzfvs ftyw wkor psKtd/ jB sK
r[o{ ih puB ehsk, soD[ pj[s ;[ykbk j .
XzXk Xkts ofj rfJnk .
c/o efjnkL
wB ;hsb GfJnk .
shik ªGKGhoh e/ gks gkod' fpB[ g/y/ d{okfJU ..
puB j{nk f;Zyk \ okw efjnk eo, fgSb/ gkg eNIr/, ns/ woD fus oyDk nZr/
gkg BjhIj'D/ e/ .« ;kyh g{oh j'Jh fJesh;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .41.

32
J/e p/o J/e f;Zy B{z s[oe gefV b rJ/, ik eo ;[zBs eoh ns/
ebwk gVQkfJnk, FoQK ehsh . e/; d{o eo dhJ/ . go f;y dk wB Bk
v[fbnk . brk nzdo r[o{ r[o{ igD . ykDk Gh ygk fdsk, r[;b ehnk,
FoQk efoe/ S'v dhnk . ofjok; d/ t/b/ f;Zy nkfJ j}{o wZEk N/fenk, s/
efjnk ih gkfsFkj \ wI f;Zy jK . bVkJh ftu wI bVdk fvr gfJnk ns/
fpj'F jh j'fJ rfJnk, sK wB{z s[oe b rJ/ . ikfJ e/ FoQK ehsh j[D wI
eh eoK Xow f;Zyh dk fitI w/ok oj/, fstI ofynk eo' . BjhI sK wI fuyk
pDkfJ eo ;VKrk . ehe{z ehsk FoQK < r[o{ ih efjnk . sK f;Zy p'fbnk,
w/oh ;[zBs eoh ns/ ebwk fBtk} ykDk ytkfJnk, e/;K dh p/ndph eoh .
sK r[o{ ih puB ehsk,ªs{z f;Zyk \ w[;bh dk ;zr sK BjhI efonk < ej[
;u,« sK f;Zy p'fbnk, ih BjhI, ;zr s/ pukfJnk s[;K . puB j{nk gq;kd
eotkfJe eVkj gq;kd tzv d/fj, f;yK B{z SekfJ d/j . s{z yok f;Zy, s/oh
G[ik r[o{ fenK geVh . sK f;ZyK j}{o fenK g[ZSDk ehsk . gkfsFkj
w[;bwkB fee{z j[zdk j ne/ BjhI j[zdk,sK r[o{ ih puB ehsk }'o eh FoQK
toh eod/ nkj/ . fJBQK rZbK ns/ ;z[BsK s/ w[;bwkB BjhI j[zdk . f;Zy' \
ekwh j'fJe id ;zr eodk j sK wB ob iKdk j, sK jh w[;bwkB j[zdk
j wB jh ekoD j, }'o s/ GktBk BjhI fcodh . i' w/ok f;Zy w[;bwkBh
shthI ;kfE J/e tko G'rrk ;' f;Zy BjhI . fjzd{ Xow tkbk s[oeDh s/
purk, ;' sfonk ikDhn . i' fprkBh Bkoh G're/ gSskfJe gqkFfus
eotkfJ d/t, nEtk r[o{ fenK f;ZyK s/ pyFkt ;' s' pyfFnk ikt, ns/
w[;bwkBh G'rD tkbk w[;bwkB j[zdk j, ed/ B pyFhJ/rk . i/eo
nDikD gfjbK G[b/ ns/ fgS'I f;Zy j't/ sK Gh S[ZNk sK f;ZyK g[fSnk ih
gksFkj . s[oe fjzdtkDhnK B{z Grd/ jI, f;Zy pdbk eoB sK Gbk j .
feT[I wBQ/ efonk r[oK ,Fk;sqK . sK puB ehsk,ªGkJh f;Zy' \ fJj gzE n;K
T[uk yVBk j, BhtK sK BjhI yVBk.« ns/ w[jzwd B' G{sK dk gzE ;wkfbnk
jrk, J/; s/ Bhu eh oh; BjhI eoBh . puB Fk;so'I ek, r[o{ ih ek
nkFowK s wkBDK jh i'r j . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh psh;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih
tkfjr[o{ .32.

33
J/e p/o r[o{ ih pm/ E/, sK j'bK ehnk . frnkBhnK fXnkBhnK f;ZyK
pvk ezs{jb 1 ehnk . ozr okr, swkF/ ;PKr eo eo fbnktI r[o{ e/ gk; .
r[o{ ih d/yI irs eh fefonk . sK j'bh fgS'I b'eK ;zrfs fdnK p/Bsh
ehsh . ih ;Zu/ gkfsFkj \ pvk T[sFkj j{nk . fJ; w/b/ ftu d' f;ZyDhnK
;zrs dhnK tr rJhnK . 2 sK puB j{nk, J/j w/b/ J/;/ tk;s/ pD/ jB, J/e
bkG doFB eoBk ;fsg[oyK dk, T[j Gh shoE T[sFkj wj'fSnK 3 ftu nKtd/ jB,
ihnK dk ;[Gkt goyD ns/ gkg fBtkoD FoXk tkfbnK d/. ns/ ftrV pj[s/ iKd/ jB
. e'Jh e'Jh cb yZN b iKd/ jB, f;Zy' \ r[o{ih eh gq;zBsk ;dk J/e o; j.
ik ojDk Bkjh ns[ ifr sk ekfJs[ rkofp jzYhn ..
GkJh wo ikDk s/ wkD e/jk . fiBQK B{z fbt/ br ojh j, fsBK B{z feS[
Gbk BjhI brdk . r[o{ ek dopko FhF/ B{z joy ;'r BjhI . fst/I r[o{ e/
wjKg[oyK dk ubD j . i;k i;k eo d/y s;k Gkt g{ok j[zdk j, go
n;k Bk ikBDk fjzd{nk e/ pv/ okfj ftrkV rJ/ ns/ w[;bwkB okj
;tko rJ/ jB . iK fdB nKtdk ghoK cehoK dk sK o[dB eod/ jB .
efjzd/ jB jwko/ pv/ n;h eo rJ/ jB, jw ;' p/Bsh BjhI, jw rkcab
jK, ][dk \ s/o/ gBkj \ oZy b/thI, ns/ fjzd{nK d/ fdB j'bh b'jVh, dhtkbh
j'o fsT[jkoK d/ fdjkV/ nKtd/ jB sK yokp shnK ns/ rkbQh, Bkoh g[oy
fpbZi j'Id/ jB, f;Zy' \ pzdrh tkb/ d{jK ijkBK d/ ;[yh . ns/ nkgDh
nkgDh FoQk ftu pZX/ gF{nK tKr{z gJ/ iBwd/ wod/ jB . GkJh f;Zy' \
fpBk eoDh sodk BjhI . j;fdnK NgfdnK gow/Fo ohMdk BjhI, wo
woe b'e gSsktIr/, ªikD sp nzX iK f;o gT[;hnk .« f;y' \ Bk feqFB
ns/ Bk okw skodk j . nkg B{z ;wM/rk sK g{ik Xow EKfJ gT[;h . ;kyh
g{oh j'Jh s/sh;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .33.
34
J/e p/o r[o{ ih T{uh mT[V pm/ E/, ;zrfs i[Vh, pVh GhV j'Jh . J/e
f;ZyDh nkt . w[fj YKfgnk j{nk ns/ w[fV ikt . GhV g[oK dh ;h, sK r[o{
ih nodk;hJ/ f;Zy B{z G/ie/ p[bkJh j}{o sK Ujd/ xo d/ j}{o nkr/ jh

pm/ E/, sK xzz[v eZfYnk r[o{ ih eh nrkVh wZEk N/e e/ yVh j' ojh .
sK puB j'fJnk f;ZyDhJj/ \ feTI[ < ej[ r[o{ e/ s' ikDd/ jB sB{z go
;zrs B{z }kfjo j't . sK f;ZyDh jZE i'V e/ p'bh, ih ;Zu/ gkfdFkj \ w/o/
wkfJ fgT[I okfJ g[o e' ;/ . sK wI e[nkoh ;K fJe ;kX ;kv/ xo nkfJnk,
w/oh wK B/ pVh Nfjb eoh . pVk p[ZYk ;h . w/oh wkfJ ph fgT[I ph br/
;/tD .T[j gKu po; ofjnk sK wI Gh ;/tk ns/ eEk ;[DK . t' ;kX wI Gh
;[fDnk . sK r[o{ ih wI ftnkjh ysqh d/ p/Nk po;kD/ dk, T[; dh wI f;ZyDh
jK . f;Zy ph Gbk r[ow[y j, nkJ/ rJ/ f;Zy B{z xo b nKtdk j . ns/ wI
gqhfs eoe gq;kd gh; gekfJe SekfJe y[Fh bIdh jK . sK w/oh Gosk
;kE pD ojh j . yKtd B{z wI ikDdh nK r[o{ Gh gow/Fo Gh . wI ;[fD
ofynk ;h ;kX s/ Bkoh ek n;kok Gosk jh j, sK r[o{ ih w//o/ d/to i/m
;j[ok yKtd g[sq ;G }BkBhnK ;dk doFB B{z nktD, wI ed/ gkgD s[wQko
r[oK dk doFB Bk ehsk . wI fustK r[oK d/ f;ZyK B{z ;/tBh jK . e"D ;/tk
eo/rk w/o/ fgS'I . sK wB{z pj[s e[Nzph b nKtd/ j{J/ . w/o/ yKtd dh Gh
wo}h BjhI ;h . w[Vh ftukfonk wB{z gkgD B{z doFB ejK . ubK ;/tk jh
eoKrh . fJsB/ wI f;Zy rfJnk, ik efj:';[ f;ZyDhJ/ \ r[o{ fenK j't/
p[bkJh j . sK wII y[F j' rJh, w/o/ go dfJnk ehsh . r[o{ ih i' j[ew j''t/
;[ eoK . sK r[o{ ih p'b/, f;ZyDhJ/ \ s{z XzB j,XzB s/o/ wkg/, XzB s/o/ ;j[o/,
i/ s[X fJe t/oh ;[De/ f;de ;/tk dk ns/ Gos/ dk ofynk n;hI ph s/oh
G/N eoKr/, go Gosk s/ok iK nkt/rk, j[D d/th \ s{z ikfj s/oh GktBk
g{oh j'Jh . s{ xo oj[, ;/tk jh efonk eo, fJj okj r[o{ e/ fwbD/ ek
;{Xk j . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh u"Ish;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .34.
35
sK Gbe j'fJnk sK f;ZyDh Gos/ e/ ;kE nkfJ yVh j'Jh . r[o{
g[fSnk f;ZyDhJ/ \ s{z fe; dh f;ZyDh jI < sK FowkfJe p'bh, gkfsFkj \
r[o{ e/ nzikD j't/I sK psktK . ;G ;zrs j}{o r[o{ e/ ;G jB . sK r[o{
ih p'b/, f;Zyk \ f;ZyDh s/oh j < sK f;Zy p'fbnk L
sB wB XB ;G r[o{ ek wwsk S'vh d{fo .

d/j ;zi'rh Bkfo j f;Zy f;ZyK eh X{fo .
sK puB j{nk f;Zy \ sB{z ]po BjhI, j'fJ iktrh . f;Zyk \ s{z fgSb/
iBw epho Grs Ek . fJj f;ZyDh ;h b'Jh, s{z J/e fdB ejk b'JhJ/ \
iBw gkfJe/ fenk yZfNnk . sK b'Jh p'bh nih . w/oh ;/tk dh ohM j . sK
epho p'b/, frqjh ek oj[ J/j BjhI . i' wo}h Gosk dh ;' Bkoh eoBh . s{z
ysqh d/ iBw ikfj s/oh tk;Bk BkBe e/ gzE ftu r[o{ e/ puB do;B s/
T[XZko . sK b'Jh uoBK s/ froh ,s[w ph dk;h e' ws fsnkr' . epho
p'fbnk ;kXDhJ/ \ ;/tk jh eoBh j, s/oh GktBk sK iBw j[{nk ns/ ypo
BjhI ojh . feTI[ T[j ;wK fgSbk ;h. j[D r[o{ fpBk ikDhdk BjIhI . fJsBh
efje gq;kd eVkj r[o{ ih puB j't/, sK r[o{ ih p'b/ iK phV eoh ;h sK
s[;K fpd/j doFB dhnk ;h . j[D ;d/j j' nkJ/ j', fgSbh pkDh ;[Dkt' i[
f;ZyK B{z gqshs j't. epho B/ Fpd gVQ ;[DkJ/ sK f;ZyK efjnk puB eo' .
sK puB j{nk ;G GrsK dk epho ;odko jrk . fJj gzE r[o{ fenK ph
ehsk j . ;' f;ZyK d/ xo j' T[so/ . Xow oZyD tk;s/ gzE j . efbi[r ek
fBopkj[ eoBk . sK f;Zy f;ZyDh ikDe xo rJ/, fXnkB i'r br/ eoB .
r[o{ ih dk puB wkfB ;/tk br/ eoB/ . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh gIs;;thI . p'bj[
GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .35.
36
J/e p/o ca"iK uVhnK s[oeK dhnK, dhBk p/r w[Hb uVkfJ fbnkJ/
Ghwuzd, wdBgkb, pho f;zx i;gkbhnk, f;ow"ohnk, d; j}ko s[oe
n;tko nkJ/ . pvh bVkJh j{Jh, r[o{ ih sorF sotko p;sq gfjo
Bhb/ x'V/ go uVQ/ . sK fdB ;zrs i[V ojh ;h . J/e Bkb/ e/ T[oko gko
bVkJh wI i{M/, s[ge sotko ewkB eVeh . f;ZyK bVkJh s'bh, s[oe Y/o
wko/, j'o ca"i ghS/ gmkDh, w[rbkDh nkfJ bVh pj[s, bVkJh phu pysq
gfjohI shopk} jzekoh gId/ ]K gmkD fBekf;nk. p'fbnk,ªwiQp ek i[ZX
i{MDk j . r[o{ s[wQkok jrk pbtzs sK jkE d/y' fdykt'.« fJsBh ejh
;[De/ nkg r[o{ e/ gksFkjh d;thI nkfJ ;Ne/ . p'b/, ]K ih \ w/ok toh
edh ek jrk, eo tko fdykfJ jkE . gId/ yK p'fbnk-fdykt' jkE, s[w

fjzd{ e/ gho j' . w/o/ sho s/ pu'Ir/ BjhI . }kbwh sho rod eodw
. r[o{ ih p'b/, ªnpb ftrkV/ nkwd tko npb eo; wfj,«sK gmkD
uwfenk, ;Gh d/yD/ br/ . r[o{ e/ u"c/o/ c/o x'Vk sho nrkVh S'Vk .
sho r[o{ e/ skfJ ;kE ekB gk; s/ fBe; rfJnk, r[o{ ih p'b/, ]K ih \
j'o tko eo b/t' . sK gmkD Fofwzdk j{nk . pko pko r[o{ ih efjnk sK
p'b/ ;{ow/ pjkdo ek J/e jh pko j . go d{ik s[wo/ puB eo tko eoBk
j{nk . e[j[ ;kE pKX f;Fs sho ubkfJnk, sho r[o{ e/ f;o eh Fkb
bNgNh e' bg/Nsk b/ rfJnk . sK ]K yVk j' rfJnk r[o{ ih p'b/, yK ih
. tko jwkok d/t', yK p'fbnk r[o{ ih b/t' tko d[fJ, r[o{ ih p'b/ªmhe tko
:e pjkdo, fcaoestko w[odw jokwy'ofj, sK efj eo x'Vk c/ok r[o{
ih u"c/o/ . pysq pXh e'Jh EKfJ ykbh BjhI, ;zi'nk bg/fNnk nzr, d/y eo
ekB gk; s/ Bzr E'Vk ;h jh d/fynk, sho S'fvnk, brk sho x'V/ s/ j/m
gVk . ns/ yIu ;c r[o{ ih f;o go nkfJ yV/ j{J/ . yK d/y e/
p'fbnk,ªr[o{ ih, oZy bDk, puB j{nkªgmkD oyD dk e"D pys . ebwk
:kd eo' .«efjzd/ jh s/r trkJh, f;o i[dk eo dhnk, ;Bk pj[s GrkJh,
ns/ b{N eo dwkwk ihs ek j{nk, ihs e/ f;Zy nkJ/, cs/ p[bkJh . ykb;k
i[ZX B' uwfenk, b[fNnk, fydokpkd gj[zu/ . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh Ssh;thI .
p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .36.
37
J/e p/o bVkJh wI f;Zy i{M/, x/ok nBzdg[o gkfJnk, gjkVhJ/ J/e j'
rJ/ . fdB gzdoK phs/ uVQkJh eh bVkJh j't nzB E'Vk fwb, f;de ykb;/
ek d/yD br/, ]}kBk eYtkfJe/ ;sb[dq ftu gkfJ d/ iktI . ns/ f;Zy
G[y/ ofjD br/, g[eko j'D brh, r[o ih oy bDk, ;po oy/ ph d[y go
bVI fBs, j[D woBk r[oK e/ nkr/ ;h; d/D/, J/j f;de Bk jkfonk . J/e
fdB wksk nkJ/ e/ efjnk . r[o{ih ejkfJnk ns/ f;ZyK d/ woB tk;s/
T[gkfJ ehsk . f;Zy bVd/ jB, dohnkfJ ftu froKtd/ j', f;ZyK eh
r[Bkfj efonk jrk, fe; soQK i{MIr/, gkfJ gkfJ nzB ykD B{z fwbdk j .
pyFhJ/ ;zrs B{z, sK r[o{ ih p'b/, J/j gzE eosko d/ j[ew Bkb j{nk j.

gzE tXktDk j, rkbDk BjhI . fi; fdB g{ik d/ ]}kB/ br/ yktD
sK fdB xkNk j'fJ iktrk . ;[D' wksk ih \ }fjo j g{ik dk XkB i'
yktrk ;' drX j'fJ iktrk, wI gzE i[ZX tk;s/ yVk ehsk j, G[yk Bzrk
jh Gbk j, go wI Boe BjhI gktDk ns/ p[ok BjhI eoBk, i;/ jw s/o/ g[sq
jw jK . s{z wksk ;kB{z }fjo feTI[ d/ ;eBh jI . BjhI Bk d/fJ ;edh, jw
Gh f;ZyK B{z g{ik dk }fjo BjhI d/Dk, jw nwkB oyB/ jK, ;sb[dq gk;
wksk . id'I ;[X j' ikt/rk sK btKr/, fiT[I }fjo wkfonk ykJhn sK o'r
B{z d{o eodk j . fstI g{ik dk XkB ;[X j'fJrk sK b/tKr/ . jwok f;Zy
j't/rk, T[;B{z jw G/iKr/, nwkBs b/trk, ik fdbhg f;zx j'fJrk,
fteqwh toy nmkoK ; BfVzBt tosrk .
g;uw s/ T[m/ ykb;k uwe/ g{op gzE .
d[o/ d[FN ;p gopsh, w"B w"o ih e[ gzE .
ykb;k fwb w/b eo ykb;k N{N/ fdt; .
fwsq fjzdth w"bth r'o/ ;[Bh ;[t; .
pbh j'fJrk ykb;k s[oe s'o/rk wT[B .
b{N/ rkT[I goik d[yh fBnkfJ ikfJrk nT[B .
f;yDhnK fpGukoDh g[oy s[oe eh nk; .
sK fdB T[gi ykb;k ;p poB'I e' fgnk; .
sK wksk ih u[g j{Jh, puB j{nk ofjD/ d/t' . wksk B{z XB fgnkok j,
eNzp B{z tXD BjhI d/Idh . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh ;Ish;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih
tkfjr[o{ .37.
38
J/e p/o r[o{ ih i{M/ pvh roiDk j{Jh . Brko/, Y'b, s[ohnK,
oDf;zr/ pki/ piD br/ . ns/ ;oBkJh dwkw/ M[e e/ pki/ r[o{ ih T[m e/
o[we ub/, ft;kj e/ eZfunK tohnK v/ok b[fN bhnk . x'V/, egV/,
n;tkoh, XB[ ;G b[fNnk rfJnk . f;Zy o'tI g[ekoI ejI j}{o r[o{ ih e'
pvk B[e;kB j{nk, fe; soQK ihsKr/ . r[o{ ih ek wkb b[Nk go nzs[ BjhI
. n;hI fe; soQK gj[zuKr/, xo s Fofwzd/ r[oK ek eS[ ph B ofy ;fenk .

jkjeko wZu ofjnk, sK r[o{ e/ p'b/-bheK eY' f;Zy' \sK f;ZyK bheK
eZYhnK, s/ puB j{nk p[Mkt', sK p[MkfJ fdshnK , r[o{ e/ p'b/, s[jkB{z
eZYD ftu joy, w/ND ftu ;'r[ j{nk fe Bjh< sK f;ZyK efjnk ih
gkfsFkj \ B joy B ;'r[, sK r[o{ ih p'fb ;[DkfJnk n;h jh j i[ r[o{
fenK B' nkwdB you Bk; d/y e/ xo ek you d/ye/ B[e;kB . go joy
;'r eS{ ph Bk j'fJnk, Bk j'r[ .
joy ;'r ek d/j[ok fyD nkt fyD ikfJ .
i/ ikr/ ;/ ;[yh jI, ;/ ;'rh d[yh GkfJ .
Bkw fXnkt' Fpd e' noE fpuko' fBs .
r[opkDh f;fynk fiBk fsBk Bk ;'rh fws .
wfb wfb BQkJh ekwBh y'V; efo fFzrko .
y;w B GkJh cb fenk ;' Fofwzdh Bkfo .
r[o{ i[ nkfJnk Bkw Xo bfjohI b[G eh d{o .
;'Jh f;Zy GkDk Xo r[o e ;dk j}{o .
sK f;Zy ;[y f;T[I gou/ .Gb/ feqgk eoh, w/ok f;y ;'Jh uVQ e/ ghS Bk
w[V/. bVkJh wZuh pvh x[zwv eh . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh nmZsh;thI . p'bj[ GkJh
ih tkfjr[o{ .38.
39
J/e p/o gzwk t}ho uVQk, okik Ghw B/ G/fink, ;b{e ehnk j[D
ikfDnk, s[;hI ;u/ r[o{ j' . sK puB j{nk L
gzwk t}ho . nkyo p/gho .
pkwD ek p'b . ;wM fpB ;'b . ofig{s eh ikfs . Bk whs ;kX{ B
sks wks .
puB- i/ os[ br egV ikwk j'fJ gbhs[ ..
i/ os[ ghtfj wkD;k fsB feT[I fBowb uhs[ ..
sK gzwk p'fbnk, FoD nkJ/, r[o{ ih Bk fsnkrhJ/, sK f;Zy ns/ ;'Yh
p'b/, fBZs dh bVkJh e[S Gbh BjhI . j[D ;b{e jh jZSk j . puB j{nk

nfXe Gbk oig{s e[b fiBK izwDk ;so .
gkbDjkfonK wkoe/ whs g{s f;o eso .1.
Gbk Bk j'fJ gjkVhnk ;wM fp;kJh b/fJ .
GhV gV/ ;kX{ pB/, drk pkg e' d/fJ .2.
xfo wI nzB d[fX Gks pj[ FoXk d/tB wKM .
eo' whs sp gopsh ;w/I ekw e/ pKM .3.
pks eo/ nfs w'j eh nzsfo d[fpXk g{o .
bD/ f;T[ ykDk Gbk fpgsk fdy ofj d{o .4.
GkJh Gbk BkjhI go s[;hI ukj' ;' eo' . s{FBh 1 j{J/, gzwk brk j}{o
ofjD. pfXtkB ;G-ukso fwb rfJnk . r[o{ e/ br/ ft;kfj eofB, no
okik B{z efj G/i/, w/o/ t; j'fJ rJ/ jB . f;Zyh fdyktB brk . u'o
brkJ/, r[o{ e/ e'sb u[okJ/ . r[o{ e/ ]}kB/ B{z B}o eo frDsh eoh,
fpBk r[o{ j'o e'Jh B ikD, pme/ s[oekDh ca"i uVQkJh nkgD/ okfinK dh
ca"i wzrtkJh . jwokj r[o{ e/ go drk dhnk ukj . ngDk ikDkt G/s,
j}{o eh ;/tk eoDh, f;Zyh iDktDh fiT[I gkoXh . 2 ;kyh g{oh j'Jh
T[Bskbh;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .39.
40
J/e p/o r[o{ ih fFeko rJ/, d{o b/ rJ/ . F/o wko fdykJ/ okig{sK B/
. c/o ykfJnk pkjo wjK gq;kfd . fBs efjnk eo/ okik ;kE s[w fwb' .
J/e fdB otkb;o ek w/bk nkfJnk sK p'fbnk, r[o{ ih ub' sK doFB
eohJ/ . oki/ ;G fwbIr/, f;Zy j'tIrh, r[o{ ih ikD egN go gotko e/
f;ZyK e/ ej wzB bhnk . wdB f;zx u[wko p'fbnk .
eo/rk ;' Gork . r[o{ ek eh eork<
;/te s/ eki ;ork . d[FwB d{s work .
sK f;Zy p'b/ T[j fJj eh efjzdk j . sK wdB f;zx jZ;e/ u[g eo
ofjnk . r[o{ e/ p'b/,ªGkJh \ J/; B/ pkoK wjhB/ x'V/ dh ;/tk eoh j . i'
x'V/ B{z ;/tfj fBFekw r[oK dk po; ;/t/ rkfJ r[o{ dh . fs; B{z nkrw
fBrw ;{M nktrk . x'V/ dh ;/tk eo,j{Jh ;' io, r[o{ ek xo, okyk ;uk

;fsr[o . fuzsk Bk f;Zyk eo ufgek ;wk ;o \« sK ub/ rJ/ .
pVhnK ca"iK oki/ nkJ/ . gopsh, uzfpnkb, pfVnb, wd{DhJ/, ;qh
BrohJ/. ekwrVhJ/, fjzv{ohJ/, efjb{ohJ/, x[wzv uzd, fp;fjohJ/, wzvb,
d/y doFB w'fjs j' rJ/ . r[o{ ek o{g ns/ r[D,oki/ okDhnK ;[fDnk ;h
i;/ d/fynk s;k jh gofunk, eJh ej . okig{s oki/ fBjkb j{J/ .
fJ;BkB dkB Bkw[ ig eoI ;GBkjh . r[o{ e" pm/ T[u/ m"o . sK uzfpnkb
p/Nh e[nkoh ;h, T[B fgsk B{z g[S e/ fuZmh fbyh . ethFoh pVh gVQh j'Jh
Eh . pkDh r[o{ eh d/y e/ y[Fh j[zdh ;h, doFB ukj[zdh ;h . wB ftu
efjzdh ;h, pkDh pohe Bk eoh . go Gbk ofynk , sK fbyh nXhBsk
tfvnkJh r[o{ ih dh .
;kok gT[Dk d{ik r"Dk . Bo Bkoh E/ d'B'I GT[Dk .
eS[ ykXk eS[ b r/ ;T[Dk . r[o{ ih T[sq gkT{I ;jh.
r[o{ ih d/yfdnK fbyk L
ikD' ;kok d/t d/j gT[Dk wkB; d/fj.
d[fpXk d{ih eo rwB Bo Bkoh j{fJ y/j .
T[G b'e GT[Idk fcofj eS[ ykXk you i[ wkb .
gqb' GJh ;"Dk j{nk T[so s[wok pkb .
;[De/ T[so fgsk eh nkfrnk ;kE fwb[D nkJh r[o{ ih B{z wZEk
N/fenk, sK r[o{ ih ewkB ;kE fgZm m'eh . sK T[; g[fSnk,feT[I ih jZE
feT[I Bk ofynk sK p'b/ s{z B[ozr/ dh p/rw Eh s ft;qKs gZsD gop BQkJh
ns/ d/j gkfJnk . toh ikD e/ s[oeDh B S[tI f;Zy, sK jw Gh B S[tI .
s/oh ;/tk GktBk s/ dwdw/ ek iBw fdsk . vZb/ dk ephbk j'tIrh sK
f;ZyK dh, f;ZyDhnK dh ;/tk eoIrh . sK doFB d/tKr/ . pyF eoh r[o{
ih . ftdk j' rJh, tos B/w ftu oj/, d/j fsnkr e/ iBwh ikfJ wkbt
. ;kyh g{oh j'Jh ukbh;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .40.
41
J/e p/o r[o{ ih wkbth: gops go ufVQn ikfJ e/ f;y gzi Bkb,
J/e f;Zy Ek rzXhbk, d/y e/ T[; nkD wZEk N/fenk, sK puB ehnk s{z

fenk ikD e/ wZEk N/fenk, ;Zu ej[ . sK jZ; e/ efjnk, ;fsr[o{ ih
\ wI o/tk dk g[sq jK, wB{z o/tkb efjzd/ jB . r[o{ ih, wB{z wkfJ B ejk,
g[sq \ sg eo . sK wI sg eoB/ brk, T[sqk yzv ftu .i[r shB phs/ sK
pqjwk B/ doFB dhnk . wI T[;sfs eoh, pqjwk gq;zB j{nk . sK wB{z
p'fbnk, j/ Bkr;[s \ wKr to fdnK s{z b/t . wI efjnk,oki;h gkT{I
fpG{s . pqjw/ efjnk oj[, sK wzvg Bro ofunk ftFeowk B . Bro ek
okik j{nk, oki eofdnK i[r sq;m phs/. sK fJj w/ok oki iZyK nkD
bhnk . sK wI i[X eo d/j S'vh . ijK sg eosk Ek sjK pqjwk d/ to
efo shoE j{nk . s[w nkJ/ j', fBjebze ip j'fJrk sK br JhjK
ojKrk . s[w ph ntsko Bo ek j' . w/oh ;jkfJsk eo' . iZyK B{z ;wMkt' .
;oD, swkoh nkfJnk jK . sK r[o{ ih ewkB yIuh ;G gops noVkJ/, J/
r[o{ ih \ oZy bDk . J/sB/ ;w/I iNK tKr{z o'wk, fwqr uowXkoh nkB yVk
j{nk g[oy . brk efjD s[wkok ;wK BjhI nktD dk, s[w r[o{ ih ikt' .
iK gzE cb/rk s[wkok s;K ph iZyK gk; nkfJ T[soDk j, ns/ wI ;odXko
iZy jK . ;kvk BkrK Bkb ;dk i[ZX j[zdk j, s;K ;jkfJsk ;G eh ;KMh
eoBh . n;hI ph d; ;fj;q ;Bk d/tKr/ s/o/ gzE ftu . ip s[w jwko/ Xkw
nkt'r/ sK r[o{ ih p'b/, c"aiK nrw jB . J/e pkD ;kE G;w eoK go
wkB[yh d/j efbi[r dh soQK jh posDh . fJsB/ w/I o/tkb p'fbnk, fgsk
ih e'N ;Bk b e/ gj[zuKrk, G[:zzzrh ;Bk j{Jh w/oh voktDh . BfVzBt
j'fJrk sK wI rzXqp d/; s'VKrk, s[wkok gzE oD wKv/rk . s[oe wko
rod eoKrk. guk; toy ukBDk j'fJrk . egh; rzXqp eh ;zsfs wb/S
Gkt f}whB dpkfJ b/trh . sK wI fBek; d/tKrk . gzE B{z oyKrk . w/ok
s/} cb iktrk .
wdBk Bkoh s/ g[sq ikDktKrk d'fJ., ghS bV eo yzv goik eo/Ir/ .
ekwrVQ, gq:kr, fdZbh s/ g{op br oki J/e eoIrk . d{ik ;IXth, okth,
Gkrk, ;so[dq s gFuw eFwho br oki eork . toD nkgDk nkbwh
ejktrk . efj eo Bkb j'fJ bhnk ns/ efjD, i[ZX eoe/ Xow Ekge/
gzE ek fto'X s[oeK ;kE XykfJe/ dZyD iktIr/ .
B[ozr w[jzwdh v/ok u[ekfJe/ . sK T[j rfJnk fto'X fwNkfJnk .
o/tkb to d/ eo y[Fh j'fJnk, p'bk s[w e' ngdk po; eh j't/rh sK wI
fwbKrk . rkfJsqh e'g eo efjnk ;h, w/ok ngwkB j{nk gfjb bh r[o{

fenK . ;' s[;K ;[u/s ofjD, ;w/I wI gj[zuKrk . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh
fJeskbhthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .41.
42
J/e p/o ;zrfs i[oh r[o{ eh G/N nkt, nodk;hnk f;Zy nodk; eo/,
]}kBk ;KGdk ikt . e'Jh o[g:k, e'Jh f;Zy g;k w'jo, ;" eJh j}ko fJ;h
soQK ]}kBk i[fVnk . sjK GktBk g{ohnK eo f;ZyK eh . T{jK pmk Ek ek}h
;bko[dhB go ;kJhI tkbk Ek, d[tyh B Ek . sK GhV d{o j'Jh . sK ek}h
g[fSnk, r[o{ ih \ s[wko/ f;Zy nodk; feTI[ eod/ jB . pqkjwD feT[I
efjzd/ jB i' y[dkfJ eoh ;' G'rdk j, ns/ s[;hI fbyd/ j' fjzd{, i' j'Dh
nkr/ jh pD ojh j, s/ n;hI s[oe ikDd/ jK eoh j{Jh oZp dh B{z c/o
eT[D w'V/ . sK s/ s[wkok wkor e;k y[Fh j', g[sq XB d/Id/ jB, M{m feT[I
efjzd/ jB . sK r[o{ ih puB p'b/, ek}h ih ;[D', w[jo fdykJh jkE eh,
no brkfJ fdykJh ekrs go, ghS/ efjnk ;wMkfJnk . iK J/j iBwdk
jrk sK eow j'Dh fbyh iKdh j, i;/ w[joK tkb/ g[Zm/ joc fby/ E/ .
brktD tkbk iK brkt/rk sK f;ZX/ j'fJr/ N/e/ s/, s;h eow dksk
fpXksk w;se g[o fbye/ fJj efjnk iK fJj wB[Zy r[o{ gho nZr/ wZEk
fBtktrk, sK ;{X/ nZyo j'fjIr/, cb j'fJrk . BjhI N/e/rk sK g[Zmk jh
eow oj/rk, sK r[o{ GktBk f;ZyK dh ;{Xh j[zdh j . ek}h ;bkw ehsh,
;Zu/ gkfsFkj ih \ ;z;k d{o j{nk, p'fbnk tkfj tkfj ih .
nB y[dkfJ nZtb r[o{ nkwdfj .
edw w[;qs JhI do ijkB gke eodwfj.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh pskbthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .42.
43
J/e p/o r[o{ e/ j}{o ;zrs doFB eoe/ GktBk i;h s;h ekwBk
g{ohnK eos/ E/, sK r[o{ ih efjnk, e'Jh n;h j sqhwfs fi; B/ wod Bk
fcNekfjnk j't, pvk S'Nk < ;G f;ZyDhnK u[g eo ojhnK, sK fJe f;Zy

dh p/Nh T[mh . jZE i'Ve/ p'bh, ;u/ gkfsFkj ih \ wI ed/ BjhI
fcNekfonk, wod eh ikfs ns/ g[Zs B' ph BjhI fMVfenk < sK puB j{nk
f;Zy eh p/Nh fe; soQK gqshs nkg eo f;Zy ;zrs < sK T[; GkrD
efjnk wjkoki ih, w/ok pkg fdtkB ;h gkfsFkjh yZsqh nkro Ffjo ftu
ofjzd/ ;/ . sK pkg w/ok wok . ;[De/ gkfsFkj xo igs eok, w/joK igsh
ehnK, brkfJ u"IehnK pmkJhnK ns/ efjnk e'Jh j T[;eh ;zskB < b'eK
efjnk, ;ks p/NhnK jB, nkmtK nkXkB 1 jrk . sK gkfsFkj efjnk, d/y
b/t' . i/ b"Ivk 2 j'rk sK ybk; . sK fesB/ e[ fdB phs/ sK bI"Ivk gdk j{nk,
dwkw/ BT[psK tZihnK . gkfsFkj ;[fDnk, j[ew dhnk ybk; eo' . o[}hBk
brk fwbD, xo ybk; j{nk, uT[Ieh T[m y[Fh j{Jh, nkdo ;p br/
eoB . sK wI ;Zsk GDK phu efjnk, ªXzB wod dh dkVQh fi; d/ fgS/
gotko S[fNnk .
fi; dkVQh s/ ig no i'r sg ;G cbdk j .«
ep{b dkVQh dorkfj wod eujoh do .
pro dkVQh grVh wod Bk;fs, nB n"os pdBfj .
;Zu/ gkfsFkj \ wI eo bJh gqshs, wod izwd/ jh pzd ybk;,}BkBh
;ks EhI sK Gh w[bkjik Bk efonk .
XzB dkVQh ;Zuh, }B i[wb izwfj bkBQsfj.
idfj o'} jodwfj wodfj .
izwfj dor'F ]o eodwfj .
dkVQh pzdrh nB ][dkfJ dhdko Fwkoj .
pHo dkVQh FskB fp;kj[ B eodwfj .
sK r[o{ ih efjnk, XzB s/oh gqshs f;Zyk \ dkVQh skohc e[B, e/;
F[wko pkbsD . pHb dkVQh pdB uFw B dhdwfj . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh
fsqskbthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .43.
44
J/e p/o r[o{ ih pm/ E/ . sK f;ZyK g[fSnk, ih ;Zu/ gkfsFkj \ GkDk
r[o{ ek fiT[I ukj' ftjko fstI s'o' . go you ukjhJ/ e[S f;nkb nkfJnk

j . fJsB/ efjzd/ ;/, i' fJe tDiko/ f;Zy d' j}ko o[gJhnk Xoe/
wZEk nkD N/fenk . r[o{ ih p'b/ e;k j, ns/ s{z eIdk f;Zy j, feE/ ofjBk
j < sK T[j[ p'fbnk, ;[bskB dk jK . ns/ w[ohd Brkj/ dk jK . J//E/
y/tN wkb b/ eo nkfJnk Ek . wkb fpe/ BjhI . sK wI g[fSnk, e'Jh r[o{
gho }kjok j, ;[y ;[yhJ/ . b'eK efjnk r[o{ j nki d/ gfjo/ . sK wI ;[Zyh
;km j}ko e/ Bc/ eh d;tzX eh G/N nkDh j . puB efonk r[o{ ih \
ªGkJh fi; e/ y/s fs;h ek nzB . rT{ yKdh y/s j't . w[;kcao jNkt, sK y/s dk
dkt/dko BjhI j[zdk . s{z w[ohd jI fi;ek , T[;h eh G/N d/j[ . r[o{ e/ okj s' BjhI wkod/
sK T[; tDiko/ efjnk, r[o{ ih wI sK fgSbh ;[DkJh j w[ohdh . iK wI ;[y r[o{ e/ xo
s/ gkJh . sK wI j[fD f;Zy j{nk . fgSbk r[Bkj pyF' . sK puB j{nk f;Zyk \ fijV/ fjzd{
d/ f;Zy ;' ;kv/ . ns/ ;kv/ toh s[oe wkoD/ . n;K yzvk u[fenk . i' T[BQK dk ;' w/ok
BjhI, i' w/ok ;' TBQK dk BjhI . GkJh f;Zy j'Dk, e/; oyD/ ns/ d/Dk bDk ;G ;[ykbk .
go f;de ;kps oyDk efmBkJh .
fpf;fde p'fJwzd nkwdfj .
f;de p'fJ y{p wr} ]o F[dj .
p/w[ykBK fwj gosz ozu B ;[yz fdqFs/ etus .
f;de pbkJhI S eo fp;deh xoB T[ikV .
r[o{ gho fpf;deh e BjhI, BkBe y/s fppkV .
sK f;Zy j{nk, pvh G/N fGitkD brk . f;ZyK eh gqshs r[o{ fenK gkbh. pvh
;zrs b e/ nkfJnk eo. ;kyh g{oh j'Jh u"skbh;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{.44.
45
J/e p/o r[o{ ih wkbt rJ/, pokVK dh ;zrfs pj[s M[eh, ;/tk eoe,
nkfrnk wzBD . sK r[o{ ih ek fFeko go wB j{nk, vZbk pokV j}{o jh
oj/, uzfpnkb eh p/Nh B{z doFB d/D rJ/ . fFeko rJ/ d{o J/e pB phu,
fwrq wkfonk no jZ;/ . vZb/ g[fSnk, r[o{ ih feTI[ j;/ < puB j{nk fJj
fwqr f;Zy r[o{ ek Ek . r[o{ ek ]}kBk pj[s yokp ehsk ns/ u[okfJnk
ykfJnk . GkJh vZfbnk p/okVk \ i/ e'Jh fe;/ nz;[ ykfJ iktrk, T[; ek
wk; e;hJ/rk . fijV/ fwqr pZeo/ j[zd/ jB, i' gokJh ;[nkwh dh nz;[ yKd/

jB, fds/ fpBk fsBQK dh fJj' rfs j'fJrh . J/; B{z toi oj/ go
efjnk B wzfBnk . sK j;/, feT[I sB{z mked/ oj/ ;/ .
xfo nktDk ofjnk, d{o feeoK j/m T[so/ . f;Zy p'b/, G[y/ jK,
ufbnk BjhI iKdk . puB j'nk feeo go uVQ e/ j{D' . sK f;Zy uVQe/ j{Dk
. brk whIj brk whIj to;D . ib/phnK, cDhnK, y[ow/I . sK f;ZyK ykfJ
e/ fsqgs j{J/ . fJeBk Bk Sfenk, i/ r[o{ e/ ykD sK n;hI SehJ/ . ykfJ
u[e/ sK jZ; e/ r[o{ ih p'fb ;[DkfJnk . f;Zy r[ow[y J/j' jB, ykD tkb/
g/N gkb jB, wBw[y ph f;Zy jB . GkJh f;Zyh gktDh pvh d{o j . sK
xo gj[zu gq;kfd Sfrnk, ;[y Bkb ;'J/ pvh okfs j{Jh . b'e gF pj[s
d[yh j'J/ . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh gIsbh;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .45.
46
Gbe j{nk vZb/ g{fSnk . ;kok fgzv jh brk nkyD okfs tXh e;h .
sK ;zrs e/ j}{o ;zrfs ;kE jh vZb/ jkE pKX e/ g[fSnk . sK r[o{ i
efjnk, vZfbnk \ GkDk, d/tfsnK ftu ;goXk 1 j{Jh, ;{oi pmk ojk,
fJzdq ph pm ofjnk . J/; s/ toyk dh EzwDh, ;{oi pmk ;[tor sK okfs tXh .
vZbk p'fbnk, whIjz[ fpro ehe{z ihtKr/, n"V tX rJh, jE i'V/ ;zrfs ;koh, sK r[o{ e/
eq'g j' p'b/, vZfbnk . wkof fJzdq B{z . r[o{ ek puB dk p/;kj T[me/ ;ks fSsq ubkJ/
ns/ rkbQh ejh , fBeko/\ po;[, j[ew wzfB n;hIph wzBd/jK . r[o{ ih jZ; p'b/ .
G ftfu ;{oi G ftfu uzd[ ..
J/j ;koh gT[Vh gVQh sK brk po;B, whIj j{nk, ;[ekb j{nk, r[o{ ih
wkbtk d/; rkfjnk fco e/, ghS/ efjnk, dfJnk pvh ns/ Gkt f;Zyh ph
go M{mk wkbtk d/; . e[VhnK fgS/ gfbnk, nzB pj[s j'fJrk go oZiD
Bk, fsq;Bk g;/ jh ftu .
ykD B{z G/; . f;Zyh B{z god/; .
wsbp gksFkjh . oki fpB[ gkjh .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh fSskbthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .46.
47

J/e tko ;G d/; go skg nkfJnk roie/ sK vZb/ efjnk
g[Se/ r[o{ ih gk;'I, f;o e/; oy' s/ pkDh gVQ' . GfJ e/ wko/ ;zrs gVQB
rJh dwdw/ B{z . ;ko/ ;[yB jh oj/ . r[o{ ih fJj puB ehsk, XowkFkbk
pDkt', Nfjb eo' . skg s/ pu'r/, ;zrs eoBh ;[y ojrk, ;zrs puB
wkBe/ br/ eoB . pkDh ek gVQBk ns/ Xow dfJnk B{z brktB B{z ikfJ
oj/ E/, ;' f;yh Ekgh, ;kyh g{oh j'Jh ;IskbthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{
.47.
48
J/e p/o r[o{ ih y[Fh j'fJ p'b/,ªvZb/ pokV \ wKr eS[ j[D n;hI
ikwKr/, no{V g[o . vZbk p'fbnk wZEk N/e e/ gkfsFkj \ whIj fwb . sK
u[g
eo
oj/, c/o p'b/ wKr pokVk \ sK c/o whIj wzfrnk, J/;/ soQK shB puB j{J/
. u"E/ r[o{ ih p'b/ .
iZN dk p'b ns/ pkDhJ/ dh u[g .
r[o{ ek tke . pkwQD dk ;ke . fJBQK dk ft;kj BjhI .
vZb/ fsnkoh eo, whIj dhnk, sK vZb/ i"jV SZgV ;kc eotkJ/ ns/
nkfJ efjnk . brk whIj to;D, shB okfs fdB to;dk ofjnk g[eko
gV rJh, gkfsFkj . oZy b/t', vZb/ wZEk nkD N/fenk, brk efjD
gkfsFkj p; eohJ/ . sK j; p'b/, fSsq whIj B' wko' sK T[;h soQK wko/ .
whIj mfjo rfJnk e'Jh fdB ghS/ ub/ f;Zy gzuk; . ubd/ uwe"o nkJ/,
fBjkb/ u"Xoh T[skoh dJh okfs B{z do;fB ;G b'eK efonk, ;[De/ ;zrfs
nkJh doFB B{z . J/e wkJh ysokDh wkShtkV/ eh nkJh . egVk EkB oy
wZE N/fenk . sK puB j{nk f;ZyDhJ/ \ wKr p'bh ih gkfsFkj \ ufbnk
BjhI iKdk ns/ doFB feE/ gktK . G/N eZse/ ;dk d/Idh ;K, ;' Gh ojh .
puB j{nk, egVk b ikfj . n;hI s/o/ nktKr/ . G/N ph s/oh b gfjoKr/ .
s{z wjK gq;kfd Se . r[o{ ih fdsk T[B Sfenk . ;[yh j'fJe wZEk N/ee/
rJh xo, r[o{ ih e'Jh fdB oj/ . e[oS/sq dk rqfwD j{nk ;h, B/V/ ;zrsK
pj[s GhV okfinK dh, r[o{ ih fsnkoh eoh, eo[S/sq dh . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh
nmskbthI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .48.

49
e[oS/sq eT[ r[o{ ih rJ/, wdB BkE i'rh fwfbnk . fsB g[fSnk
ªp[oek F/o ek eoDh f;XK eh«,puB fenk,ªBkE ih \ s[oe r[csko dzv
fpBk t; BjhI .« i'rh efjnkuouk
utkfJ . f;Xh ep{b gkfsFkj .
ofjDh f;X BkBe e/ ceho . G/y o/y o}k ekoi d;srho .
ihT[ fdb B/eh itkb . eoDh e[dofs f]nkb .
nkg; wI ohM/, BkE p'fbnk r[o{ ih e[S jwkfJs i'rh eh ukjhJ/ . sK
p'b/ L
fcoek nw{zv d'B' coe; . ykb;k pbh e;/ soeF .
sK i'rh p'b/, sho ubkfJ fdykJhJ/, sK r[o{ ih sho ubkfJnk, feb/Q
wH[b e/ do ikfJ x[;k, d/y e/ BkE p'fbnk, XzfB fpfdnk d[nkg[o eh
noiB eh jrh, r[o{ ih s[wko/ jkE s/ s[oe iKfjIr/ .
jw eNk; 1 oj j . pkb r[zdkJh f;X e/ nk;D, T{jK gj[zuDk, cehoh
eh N/e . sK r[o{ ih p'b/, BkE ih \ j[ew Bjhi vkY/ dk, jwkok gzE
gj[zurk . ;dh s/oQthI, s[oe Bk; j'tIr/, nkg ikfJ d/j S'vhJ/Ir/,r'dktoh
sho f;X ofj;D . f;X'I gq;kfd dhnk bhnk, Ffjo d/fynk feBko/ shoE
d/ nNkoh Fkj{eko dh nkD oj/ . pqkjwD e[oy/sq d/ fwb/ . r[o{ ih eNko,
nFoch, x'Vk dhnk . fezeohnk okwdZs nkfJ j}{o ofjnk . p'b/ r[o{
e/,ªwKr fw;o \ r[o{ e/ xo ;p j . pqkjwD p'fbnk, ªpKfj BjhI S'vhU .
wI bD e/ b'Gh BjhI . oZy bDk, sjK ijK e'Jh BjhI .« puB jPnk e[Nzp
;w/s p[bkfJJ/rk . r[o{ e/ xo jh Gog{o dhnk . pKj geV d{o pm/
ikfJe/ . ;[dkroK e/ x'V/ shB bhJ/ j}ko e/ . w/b/ eh ;zrfs nkJh
doFB B{z . Gbe/ ;t/o/ h T[m ub/ . nktb y/Vh rJ/ fJe/b/ jh, ghS/
gfjo s/ f;Zy nkfJ gj[zu/ . J/e wkJh gSkDe x'Vk gefVnk ih gkfsFkj
\ gq;kfd gkJhJ/ . sK puB j{nk, jk}o gq;kfd .wkJh d[X fbnkJh pj[sk,
;opsq B/ Sfenk . sK f;ZyK g[ZfSnk fJj wkJh eh pvh FoXk d/yh . sK
puB j{nk, T[dk f;zx B{z efjnk J/; d/ ph f;X iBwrk . iZN d/ xo[

T[sork, iBw ish BkT[I j'trk, T{d/ f;zx g[fSnk r[o{ ih j[D ejK
j < sK u[g j'fJ p'b/ . cs/ f;zx jh iktrk . eosko dk GkDk fJT[I jh
tosrk . sK T[d/ f;zx nuoi j'fJ g[fSnk, w/oh Gh r[o{ ih pskJhJ/ .
puB j{nk, gzE eh wkbeh uko tko, ;odkoh ykb;/ eh gzithI tko s/oQthI
;dh . ;kb r[}o dfj dfj uFw . fcozrh rko eh, nkyoh nkbwh .
oig{s co}zd ykb;fjwksfj tkosB . ;kyh g{oh j'Jh T[DzMthI . p'bj[
GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .49.
50
J/e p/o r[o{ ih pm/ E/ . sK puB j{nk, }kbw fgnk;, }kbw f;zx \
efjnk, ib fbnkfJ . sK T[; t/b/ rvtJh B Ek gk; . J/e f;Zy ek p/Nk
uzrk T[ib o{g ek jzekoh p'fbnk, wI fbnkT{I . rfJnk ib gqhsh ;kE b/
gj[zuk . eN'ok g[o r[o{ ih e/ jZE dhnk, b e/ eN'ok ib ek f;Zy d/ jE'I
jZE d/ye/ p'b/, f;Zyk \ s/o/ jZE pv/ wb{e e{b/ pj[s pohe jB . fenk
ekw eodk j[zdk j < sK f;Zy p'fbnk ih gkfsFkj \ wI e[S feos BjhI
eodk . s/o/ f;ZyK dh e[Nzp dh e[S Nfjb ph Bk eoh . J/e ib ek eN'ok
nki nkg B' g{fo nkfDnk j .sK r[o{ ;[Dd/ jh ;fN fdsk . ns/ efjD
br/ fe e[f;Zy dk j[E S[fJnk, sK f;Zy vo e/ uoD goV bhJ/ . ns/
Fofwzdk j'fJ p'fbnk wI f;Zy nkdh jK uoBK dh gkj[b j, pyFhJ/ .
sK puB j{nk gV/ s/ f;Zy BjhI, f;de Nfjb j . ;' s' fe;/ dh B
eoh . sK f;Zyk \ jZE sK Jh gftsq j't iK Nfjb ehsh j'r[ . uoD sK jh
gftsq iK shoEK B{z r[oK B{z, ;kXK B{z doFB eoB ikt/ . ;G d/j ns/
fJzdqhnK ;[G eow eh Nfjb s/ gftsq j[zd/ jB . ;' s' f;Zyk \ eoh BjhI,
Nfjb ekj{z eh . J/; s/ jZE ngftsq'I ek ib n;k j, i;/ w[od/ e/ nzr
ngftsq j[zd/ jB . sK f;Zy B/ pyFkfJ e Nfjb T[mkJh . f;ZyK dh ;kX,
pqkjwD nfsE e'Jh j't . jkE'I jh brk eoB sB wB XB eh Grfs brk
eoB . r[o{ eh y[Fh j{Jh ;zrsK T[;sfs brhnK eoB . sK ;kfjp p[ZYk
ih efjzd/, ;wkX gq/w eh j{J/ .
y[bQ/ BB fpd/j s/ ;Gk fbykoh fp;w .

;k eEk nB{g efjs GJh oB fYr foFw .1.
p'b/ sp r[opyF f;zx r[o ikwk pyfFzd .
G{b B u{eh r[o eEk Gbe/ j[ew w;zd .2.
;zwfs fteqw ;sq ; fJek;h wk; sq i/m . 3.
gzuk; ;kyh ofttko fdB j[D fFeko eh p/o .
J/e sq gzi d; sh; Gbe/ ejI ;t/o .4.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh gzuk;thI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .50.
51
pdB f;zx r[o{ e' f;Zy yZsqh p/oh iks .
w[fj d/yfs g{fS:' fs; Ffjo nkro/ y:ks .1.
dk;B eki nk:' r[o{ fYr efj s[oeB pks .
eo i'o/ g{Sw ;jh eoBh eow ;[jks .2.
u"gJh
;wk eb{ ek ;[B f;Zy fgnko/ . ej{z y:ks f;yB fjs Xko/ .
Ffjo ebzek Broh e';k . sjK ojr' t; X{o';k .3.
sKeh Bkoh ezfBnk fpnkt . pvh j'fJ jfo jfo Grfs ewkt .
poy ph; eh nzdo ;/th . fdBK J/e d/y fBqgw/th .4.
fp;[b Bkw d/ys p; j't . sK xo po p;B c/o B Y't .
geokt xo[ e' b ikJh . fJsB jh s[oeB nwokJh .5.
w"Bdko gkfsFkjh ph;k . go/ o'b p; B'fj yth;k .
f;bk c'V wzdo g[fNtkt . nwb nkwbh d{o pjkt .6.
j'fJ i[X nkg; wI bo . dp G{gfs pb e' Xo .
j'fJ bVkJh xo[ xo[ g[fo g[fo . b[N s[ozrk ri oE iopo .7.
T[m ;{owk ;zps r[Bhnk . rkT[I pro fwb b{N/ w[Bhnk .
wkbt/ s/ gfjb'I G ykJh . gkS ;G d/;fB s/ ikJh .8.
s[oe sfBe Go fNeB Bk gktI . f;zx wQko1 g;{nfB ;w yktI .
gKu po; fJe ezgD j'Jh . xo wI pfm vrwr pfje'Jh .9.
pdB f;zx i[r ;fs ;[jks . j'fJ gzE b'rB ftfy:ks .
fdg dhgB fJe rkT[I fp;kbk . sK iBwI Xow G{gkbk .10.

T[ms wko eo Xo/ ubkt . sfp ghS/ fBqg wko eYkt .
fJj fpfX ;ebfj w{os d/;k . Ne ubkt pkbP e/;k .11.
efjD ;[BB eh pks B ekJh . nzso dhox nzs B ekJh .
wQko f;zx T[m BhuB vo .ntBh J/e o;"dh eo .12.
f;zxB dbgfs gk; oky . sK wfs wko oki o' uky .
oki f;zxk;B fNeB B j{nk . pms gos s[os Bo w{nk .13.
;t:k
X{o T[v ri pk} S[N Bo Bkfo Gr xo S'o ub .
mr u'o b[N/ ;[s pzX[ S[N sp ykts ghts ;kX wb .
nkFqw ghV ;[ ghV gq;zB dkB wj's;t X{fo ob .
Fkb fp;kb ;[FKfs fpjkb, gqik pj[ ghV B d/j yb .14.
d'jok
nkmw ;kb ;[jktBk, rzrk po; gzuk; .
frfo N{N/ iwBk fwb, rjI G[Mzrh2 pk; .15.
ejK Xow ejK poD E/, p/d pqfjw ejK ohfs .
s[oe rJ/ w[zvhnk w/o/ ifr:' ykb;k whs .16.
i[ZX eos fdbh fYr sp G[:zrh w/b .
pkrk gfjo ;ziktbk b[N pko gfs o/b .17.
oki ykb;k Nfjb s/ d' ;s poy guk; .
w[jse ;fs fJe fsqz; ;o o"bh Bt o; pk; .18.
s[w w/ok ;G ykb;k fBgifj sfjz ;zi'r .
s/i f;zx ;w T[m/ no fdbhg f;zx ww b'r .19.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh fJetzithI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .41.
52
r[o gqskg rkfJB brI fby' ;kfjp f;zx f;Zy .
r[o{ puB e/ eofjI jw r[o[ gr ;/tk fGy .
J/e p/o eh ;kyh r[opyF f;zx ejh Bfj . sK wksk ihs' ih ykb;/
fjsekoh, wksk ;kfjp e"o doFfB eh fgnkoh . wksk ;z[doh ;tkXfB 1
p;so'I eh nfXekoh, dkyDks:k 2 rqjgs:k, nkfJstko phshnk okfs

wfjb p;/ . ihs' ih eh ukfjBk ;zsfs dJh . fdB thotko Btwh
xfo p;/ . d{i/ ;zsfs, shi ;fBuo okfs p;/ . i[Mko f;zx, }'okto f;zx
cs/ f;zx ih shB jh shB' nrfB ;wkB wjKgq;E ntsko, s[oe pBdkje
.
wksk d{;oh e/ wfjb p;/ ;zsfs 3 ukfj dJh . ihs f;zx ih r[Dh,
F;sq e/ XDh . ;G ;kfjp}kd/ pkbsD p{Y/ ;wkB . ;[xo ;[ikB ;{os
;[jkfJ, ;{ow/, fjsekoh nkfrnkekh . uko'I jh eh ;kyhnK uko . pj[sk e'
eow i'r o;[ fdykfJnk . ;zfynk wksk eh efjDh i'r 4 BjhI . ;kyh
wjb'I eh, g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .52.
53
J/e p/o i[ZX j{nk x'o y/s j{nk . ghS/ ;[bkj eoh, ;G fwb rJ/,
fwb/ fpBk pud/ BjhI . sK r[o{ ih B{z wksk ns/ f;Zy ;wMktI, fdB ukbh
bVd/ phs/ . y[nkik c"ai gksFkjh phVk b e/ J/e Uo x/o pmk . J/e Uo
oki/ x/o pm/ . f;Zy ukbQh, f;de r[o{ ek . j'o ykb;k xo e/ J/j
ejI,ªr[o{ s'I wstkbk j'fJ pmk j .« ;G J/em/ wksk ih ;zr b e/ r[o{ ih
gk; ipkp ehsk . jw fwb/ s/ puB/ jK . s[w ph wkB b/t' . sK puB j{nk
L
v'rokB gops tkb/, gkykD .
g{iI gkykD wfs e{fVnko .
e{fVnK B tko . e{V/ gzwk fgfynko .
ykb;/ B' iK Bkfj gqshs d/yh . sK efjnk,ªfBek;' dT[bs e'mtkb1
B' efj ;wMkfJnk . mZr oki/ ;PKr, r"nK, mke[o, fFt d/ts/ eh nkfD
oyh . rb fBekoh pb j}ko gKu Go okfs fBekf;nk . frfo oku/2
dr/dko, be/ pb/d Gkr/, y[Fh j{J/ . iK d/yI fBekjh dr/ go drk, nip
gS[skJ/ . puB j{nk d{ih tko drk, d/yk, d/yk, ykb;k ih, ghS/ Fofwzd/
j'fJ eo vzv d/ eo b[N/fonK B{z ;kb;h c/o ph wBkJh . ;p gfotko
ykb;k wzB pmk . r[o{ gk; nkJ/, ejh, ;p tehb okfinK d/ G/d dzv
eok . r[o{ fenK puB dhnk, r[o{ nG[b ns/ wksk ykb;/ e/ GkDk wzfBnk

. fpdktk fbykfJnk, fby dhnk f;ZyK, ukbQhnK fpBK . ;kyh g{oh
j'Jh fsqtzithI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .53.
54
r[o{ ih S'fv ub/ d/; . wfjb d'B' ;[fB ub/ y/F .
ukbh:'I ek ;zr ;[jkfJ . ;G[ v/ok ghS XkfJ .
xB"b/ eh ;hwk nkJ/ . v/o/ go w[Hb XkJ/ .
tjho go nkfJ fro/ . ;"IIIj ;' d'B' soca fxo/ .
;[Bk r[o{ ih bVkJh sBh . nkg yV/ j'fJ F;sq r[Bh .
fsBK d/y i[X e' XkJ/ . ca"i s[oeh u"frod/ SkJ/ .
sD e/ i[V/ ;{o i'Xk . ykfJ wko F;sqB nrkjhI o'Xk .
f;yB eoh i[jko r[o gk;
fBe;' s[w jw ;/ eh ihtB eh nk;
pj[s tko p/Bsh ;GB eh ;[Bh .
nekb eh pks wzfB n;/ jh r[Bh .
T[d f;zx ;{os r[o{ eh nB .
dh:' ;p F[ebks ngBh ;[ pB .
yVk j{nk f;zx ;{osD Fsq ;Bk .
wkB' fJzdq o'esh dkBth dBk .
r[o{ ih xB"b/ bV/ ;G f;gkjh .
fuozsB G:' i[X UVe fBpkjh .
wofj ;{o yk;/ g[Bk wko wko .
eo/ }[bw pj[s/ s[oe okitko .
bVs r[o{ j/s[ f;Zy dhB/ ;[ gqkB .
T[d f;zx wko:' r[o e/ G[bkB .
j{J/ y[F w{VQ M{m/ ikBh B pks .
r[o{ ih rJ/ fiT[I fBqg ;' id[sks 1 .
;[Bk fJj fgSkVh ub/ XkfJ geoB .
fitI oks geo/ oft o;fw 2 doFB .
o'gV/ nkB b[Nk r[o{ ek ;[ v/ok .

Bro B;s ikt pB wI ;[ c/ok .
s[oeB xo ikfJ ykb;k XkfJ o'gk .
d/t B/ ;[wB ehnk oZfSnk ;' ;"Igk .
fdbtkbh f;Zy 3 r[o wjb ek okyk .
fJjh G/s r[jMk ekj{z Bkfjz bkyk .
GJh gqks nkJ/ r[o nkg uwe"o .
i;/ okw XkJ/ pB e' ;G S'o .
ukbh; f;Zy ;zr S{Nk oB ;kok .
ikBh BjhI ;zrfs ihtB e/ d[nkok .
bV/ uwe"o ca"i nkfJ d; bky .
][nk}k s[oe M{mk geVfB nfGbky .
;[Bh pks ;G d/F drk d[FN ehBk .
wjkokik Bk; efo s[oeB eh JhBk .
bV/ pj[s bVkJh fdt; jh ;kok .
f;ZyK efjn,ªgkfsFkj \ S'v' nykVk .
s[w ojI sK gzE e' w{b ;kok .
jw/Fk oyI f;Zy j'tI j}kok .«
;rfo oB f;ZyB i[ no}h brkJh .
jZ;I fdnkb r[o ih fJe pkB ubkJh .
d; j}ko wkok fJjh ufbs[ fdyktk .
eb{ ek gfjok jfo j[ew fdb wBktk .
wkB pks fdnkb d[fJ f;ZyB e/ ;zfr .
ufb skb1 ehBk wjK wkfJnk nGzr .
rfJnk fjzd{ gho efj skbh pikJh .
ghS efjnk y[nk}k geo' ;jkJh .
gVk o"b-M'bk XJ/ ;B-Jh;k2 .
ub/ XkfJ dZyB fdbB phu Xh;k .
d{fo ub/ fdt; gzu d; e';k .
g[Bk okfs XkJ/ fJe ubs eo X';k .
;' Gh ;[B' rJ/ ws;tkVk3 pkrk .
d' gmkD wzrtkfJ xfo fjzd{ ;kXk .

d[gfjo ekN fdykfJ pkB ipfj wkok .
Bhb p;sq jkih ejk:' d[nkok .
Sbfj ikB s[oeB fBnk} ykB dhBk .
poy o'} f;ZyB pkje ythBk .
rBh yK Bph yK ;[ Gqks ;fj d[fJ f;Zy nykfJnk.
dJh eod sP gq;kfd wzsq fdqVQkfJnk.
j{nk eVkj ;[nkd d/y s[oe rBh yK .
wzBh pks gho tbh f;de ;kps nwK .
pkjo ikfJ ftdk eo fby dhB gNk4 .
ww f;Zy wzB/ dhnk ;/t ;Nk .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh u"fozithI . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .54.
55
wrB gq/w gkfJ ub iktI . f;Zy d'fJ ;zfr Nfjb ewktI .
J/e f;Zy r[o uoBh bkrk . bhnk gSkB r[o{ pv Gkrk .
x'Vk d/ n;tko eokJ/ . r[o nkfrnk fcfo w[fV xfo nkJ/ .
ghS/ GkDk i' feS[ j{nk . pvh wks ;zr r[o ;[s 1 w{nk .
fp:'r eEk poBh few ikJh . Ffjo f;ozQd s[oe oj/ iKjh .
fro eu woh wks ;[B n;/ . feqFB fp:'r d/teh i;/ .
d[FNB pkb wko/ nfs gkgh . T[yVh iV s[oeB ;p Ekgh .
;[B' r[o{ eh neE ejkBh . shB wk; bfr byk B GkBh .
eKrV s/ ;[fB XkfJ ;who . uoBhI gok ªub' jw gho .«
p'b/ jf;, s[oeB jw pkdk . 2 s[w oZ:s fJj pB B nkdk .
wkB pks d/ f;o eo pk}h . xo b/ ubk p'b ek rk}h .
oj fBs sjK ikfjz ny/Vk . wko/ pkdh s[oeB S/Vk .
pkdb ;{oi b/s S[gkJh . sT{ B fSg s/} fdybkJh .
pvh Nfjb pj[ Gkt ;whok . r[o fYr pmk oj/ ephok . 3
ip r[o ejI wKfr f;Zy w/o/ . S[NI uT[ok;h ww sB e/o/ .
fJe fdB Ekb gq;kd r[o dhBk . fwNI iBw d[y efj:' gqphBk .
xo b/ rfJnk r[o nkfrnk j'Jh . ;rb e[Nzph pKNs ;'Jh .

d/fy wk; MNek ;G vo .ªwko/ gho r[Zrk xo T[io/ .«
;G gq;kfd ;w/Ne xo ek . dh:' dpkfJ ;whofj fMoek .
G[fB;ko/ 4 r[o nkr nkfJnk . sp g{Sk r[o ;ku ;[BkfJnk .
gok gkfJ w[fj oky/I np jh . p'b/ r[o eZb nkJh:' ip jh .
;'nk ofB ikfJ ikN ;whok . Gqwk w[Bh ;w iBw[ ;[ ehok .
jz; eke g;[ feqw Bo Bkoh . Gqws Gqws nkJh sjK tkoh .
izrb d/; iBw ;s pkok . G{yk ghb{ ykfJ fJe pkok .
brh fgnk; ;[X nkfJ ;whok . dKs S/o 5 ghb{ fJe ;hok .
ufes j'fJ r[oFoB ikfJ ejk . s[woh s[wjh gqG[sk bjk .
j; p'b/ r[o ;[B ww[ f;Zy . G'r/ Gt 6 S{Nk Gqfw fGy .
w;se fBnkfJ gKfJ o'fJ gok . GJ/ Gkr r[o xo[ ww dok .
:k fpfX skok, poy fpshsk . dwdw/ rJ/ r[o{ ;[G ohsk .
shB poy sjK r[o oj wk; fdt; eS[ T{B .
wok B[ozrk fbyk fdy fjekfJs ;wMh ;{zB .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .55.
56
;fsr[o g{ofB feqgk eoh cfbnk fus nBe{b .
Fkfj pjkdo bhnk cb w{nk B[ozr ft;{b 1 .1.
GkJh b'V sp s[oegfs ghoB y'is ;'fJ .
dk; Gkt j' p'b gm r[o{nB ;[Bh ;w'fJ .2.
ub ;[Gkte dZyDh ;[Dh Fkfj fBqg dk; .
nkg s[ok wkor fwbk fdZbh r[o ;fj pk; 13.
wk; gKu fdZbh p;/ ekoi ;kX/ shB[ .
;/te ;zrfs efj oj/ wjb[ p[bkt' uhB .4.
sp p'b/ r[o ;zrshI s[w ;/t' dfJ wks .
fwb B w'';/ s/ s[w feqgk jwkoh sks 2 .5.
iBe EKfJ 3 gqrfN eok shik Fkj ;B/j .
dZyD ub/ pj[ GkfJ ;'I r[o{ fdykfJnk J/j[ .6.
ub/ Fkfj dZyD fisk pj[s ehnk sp wkB .

p'b/ r[o r/dk fdy ;/tk wfjb fBXkB .7.
nkfJ pj[s ;/tB ehnk wksk d'B' wkB .
;[Bh eEk jw ;zfr Bfj f;yB ejh ;[ nkB .8.
wksk b/ nkJh jwI ;kfjp f;zx efj:' ;ku .
;fsr[o ;zrw efo dh:' to dhBk r[o oku .9.
u"gJh
ub/ r[o{ jw ;' ip wkor . brh fgnk; fJe g{Sk pkor 4 .
f;Zy ikfJ gkBh b/ nkJ/ . fpgqh frqfj eh ;[u psbkJ/ .10.
sK ek ib r[o dhBk vkok . p'b tKek ;[X B tkok 1 .
J/eb/ eh eS[ F[X B eoBh . pj[s/ pkb ijK ;[u toBh .11.
Grfs ;[X Bfj ;[X nkuko . pj[sfB rqj 2 ;d ;[X ;[ tko .
xfo ;[Xh frqj;sh ifjz pj[s. J/eb xfo fXqr d/t B G[rs/.12.
d'jok
;kX{ J/ekeh 3 Gbk ;[X d/j wB ;[X .
frqjh pj[s ;[X xfo ;[fu sB wB n" p[fX .13.
u"gJh
g[jeo shoE ;fsr[o rJ/ . pkpk xkN f;X ijK BJ/ .
sjK dkB u/sB fdi 4 dhnk . g{Sh iks ykb;k shnk .14.
;[B b'rB nuoi sjK wkBk . gho ytk; oki ;[s ikBk .
shoE gkfo pkD fdybktk . GJh r[jk sjK mke ojktk .15.
f;X r[jk iB[ ikB B ikB . wko d/y ;o nuoi nkB .
;pe' puB ;[BkfJnk ;fsr[o . jwo' f;Zy nkfJ r' Boto .16.
w[Hb w[epo p/r ejkt . fdbtkbh ;'I d/yB Xkt .
shB wk; fsB ;/tk ;zr . ikfJ gj[zukfJ r'dktfo rzr .17.
fpfdbk j' fsB gkfJnk FwF/o . pyFk f;Zy s'b dfj ;/o .

.18.
.27.
fJe pkbe gkfsFkjh pzdk . fwbk r[o{ f;T[I F/o fB;zrk
rJ/ sjK sN d/yk ;fosk . ngBk nk;B gfjb/ sg ek .
w[Hb pkdh J/j[ M/Vk ehBk . Fkj pjkdo fBoDk dhBk .19.
sg eh wkb fpG{fs fdykJh . i'iB G{w dhB[ joykJh .
ijK pkr sjK oj pokrh . EzwB, e[b ;/te sg okrh .20.
f;jik ;B eh pmk ofj j . G[rs nkgBh nkg/ eoj .
J/e fdBK gqG[ rJ/ fFeko, sKek fwqr ykfJnk efo oko5 .21.
sKe/ xfo ikJ/ yV/ d[nko/ . gN 6 nzdfo G'iB ;w/I f;Xko/ .
e;h ewo pm/ fs; ykNk 7 . f;Zy fs;h e/ poiI pkNk .22.
fo; eh B}o 8 d/yh fsB[ f;X . X;h ykN r[o geoh fpqX .
oj[ ek;fN jw ;'I BjhI po . ngBh XofB jwo' wB rfjo .23.
mfjoh ykN d/yh fsB BB . uoB bkr[ eo Gky/ pB .
oky' w[fj r[o{ s[w ;ku' . jwo/ eowB ;' ws oku' .24.
T[uo/ tke ;/te ;' eo . s[wo/ tke eoBk ;'I Go/ .
sp j; p'b/ jw eoBk gzE . j[ew eosko ek s[oefj jzs .25.
s[w e;h eoBh ej[ eoj'I . g{S'I s[M ;kujh T[uoj'I .
p'bk ;kX{ nfp s[w wkbe . s[wok pzdk eo'I Bk nkbe .26.
jZ; p'b/ jw dhBk j[ew . pkb{ wfX fBek;' o[ew . 1
d/; gzikp ikj[ ww pdbk . fpw[y . fpw[y j{J/ w/o' wB odbk
gzE s/i s/o' jh ehBk . efj fJj[ tke[ F;sq sp dhBk .
br/ d/B sp f;Zy nXhBk o'ts BBB g[bes ;hBk .28.
d/j[ ewkB yVr fJj[ ;kvk . uoBhI go/ wfs d/j[ ipkpk .
sp r[o ejk ewkfj e[w/ok . G'r ;[tB[ 2 ykb;k w/ok .29.
fsB sp ejk J/e fenk eoj{z . oj bki ww pdbk ;oj{z .
j{nk puB ;G ;B Gzvkok . j'B nekbh bky j}kok .30.
whu nKy fsB whu/ BB . d/y sp wkor e[S rfJB3.
uoB gok fdF g{SB bkrk . e;h i[rfs psktj[ okrk .31.
pj[s ejh r[of;yB oky' . s[oeB y'd wko efo Bky' .
;[B pzd/ \ s[w ykb; gzE . fwbj[ ykb;k gkj[b ;zE .32.
i/ s' e' j ykb;k ;kb; . sp jw y[Fh pyFh ;p bkb; .

nkgk ipjh s'fj B j{nk . s'o ;wkB j'fJ B phnk .33.
w'B GJ/ fJj puB T[ukoh . d[fJ oky dhB/ froXkoh .
GZbk fsjB 4 d/fJ ;wMktk . b{NB Bro pro w[fj Gktk .34.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .56.
57
d'jok
pzdk pyFh5 ykb;k ubk s/} fdyokfJ .
i[oh ca"i ;s ;jz;q g[B by bky nm nkfJ .1.
dpek Fkfj fdZbh gVk s[oe[ fgSkVh bhB .
izrb b[N eo b{Ne/ b[Nh gtkXh dhB[ .2.
Ffjo ;Y"ok wko s[oe gops b{Nh ekS .
b{Nh f;oQzdh yke eo ub/ s/} ;'I pKS .3.
u"gJh
;sb[dq fYr[ Fjo pikok, b{N e{N nkfJ b[dtDk wkok .
wkMk dVgD b{Nh dZyDh, ebwb b'r isB eh oyDh .4.
u"gJh
g[o r[odk; b{N eo XkJ/, pvk i[X jw ph sfjz nkJ/ .
fwb b'r f;yB psbktk, pyFh r[fonkJh f;yoktk .5.
;[Xk ;o'to[ eo fddkok, ngBh ohs c[oh r[o ekok .
GJh ;goXk2 ykb;/ ;zrk, r[fonJh ufj ;pfjB ;zrk .6.
sp ykb;/ fpT[Is pBktk, ekb/ p;B wd-nkfwy3 Gktk .
tj[ ufj Xow ngBk pFB', uj ykb;k ngBk bfj;B' .7.
rJh cafo:kd dyB e/ d/;k, f;Zy g[eko/ f;o fJe[ G/;k .
puB[ j{nk ofj ykb;k T{jK, T[;fj p[bk:' r:' B sjK .8.
u"gJh
oks jh Gkrk w[o rJh ;zrfs, f;zx ;zrfs B ekYh ozrfs .
Gkrfs f;zX[ gko ijK sjK, tDiko/ s[oeB ;' ejk .9.
d'jok
r[o{ y}kBk b/ rfJnk ;Zsk dhBh y'fJ .

{Nk sKfj y}kB ;p wok i[X wI ;'fJ .10.
g'sk cs/ f;zx ojk b[ek gjkVh ikfJ .
irk ykb;k F;sq gkfJ, ;fsr[o{ feqgk gkfJ .11.
u"gJh
jw d/ys ykb;k T[mk, s[oe s/} d{o ;rbk w[mk .
Bzd f;zx, roik f;zx nkdh, gzE bki ;GfjB fwb ;kih .12.
d/tk f;zx, nso f;zx ;{ok, wdB f;zx, okw f;zx g{ok .
eg{o f;zx s/ r[opyF f;zx, u'bk f;zx j ;ZiD f;zx .13.
wkoI wo pj[s fdB phs/, nktk Bkdo w[Hb/I Ghs/ .
sK ghS ;[zRh G{ j'Jh, wkbe jw e' fdy Bk e'Jh .14.
:k fpfX eEk BB Go d/yh, ;G ikB r[o puB fpF/yh .
;fsr[o[ eEk w[yB ;' Gkyh, ;[B' f;Zy wfs T[ib okyh .15.
J/e p/o ;fsr[o w[M ejk, ;ji GkfJ j"I fBeN/ ojk .
g{Sk sp ;kyh r[o GkJh, ;[B' f;Zy ;fsr[o w[y nkJh . 16.
d'jok
n;h efb wI j'fJrh, f;deh oj Bk e'fJ .
f;yB g{Sk feT[I fBG, gzE s[wQkok ;'fJ .17.
u"gJh
p'b/ f;Zy ihsI gzikpk, ghS/ i/jbw Bkek pkrk .
d[nkpk ;sb[dq eh gkok, wkbtk ihs izrb gr Xkok .18.
e[oy/sq gops e[S dkpk, ;zps phs/ nm d; ;kmk .
g{op ;kX/ Jh;/ ykdw, fJs/ f;zx b{fNj ;p ykdo .19.
nzsq p/d1 fdZbh e' frod, sK br fdZbh pm/ wod
;' ;G fwbe w/o/ gzE, X;I wzsq ;' w[fM ;[s ;zE .20.
:k fpX gzE d[yh j'fJ M[o/, ;qh tkfjr[o{ e;h eo .
fusts jh n;h j[fJ ikt, BZp ;ks ;kb fYr nkt .21.
d'fJ ;kb fco sK wI fwb, o"bh go d/; ;fp o[b .
T[m oZye d/;B e' d{b', ;p okiB e' gNd/ w{b'I .22.

d'jok
sp ;p b'rB d[y j{nk wodIr/ ;G d/; .
Jh;/ ;zrfs ;fs ww ;zrs ghS e/; .23.
w/oh oh; eofjzr/ w'B, sK jw f;ZyB G/iI GT[B .
J/e nekb uj{z fd; M{b, gFuw[ nNe gko bV e{b .24.
J/e ;jkJ s{bQVk 2 w{bk r[o ek f;Zy .
G/; fjzd{ f;Zy r[o{ ek d/;B ihs fgy .25.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .57.
58
J/e p/o e/;rVQ E/, sjK r[o{ ih pm/ E/ gq/w o; ;kE . ;zrs B' j{ew
j{nk jw ;/ i' g{SBk ;' Bzd bkb psktrk, sK Bzd bkb nykVk
fbykohnK ek fJeZmk ehnk, gksFkjh fbykoh ntfo ethFo p[bkJ/, eoe/
ethFoh p[bkJ/ ;fsr[oK e/ j}{o, r[o{ ih B' ok}h efonk eoI . po; fdB
r[o{ ih eo'Xtzs oj/ E/, e/; Xkoe/ gkj[b d/ e/, bJh gkj[b sK ;zrs
toDK eh w{zj w'V rJh, br/ ejfB r[o{ ih B' f;oo[ j{nk, i' iB/T{
T[skoe/ MkVK B{z gfjokfJnk, sK puB j{nk,ªr[o{ eh ;zrs MkV, J/e ;w/I
;qh r[o{ ih wKj no b'jk s/b dkB ehnk, dhnk nodk;hJ/ B{z, ;q/FN
pqkjwBK B{z tzv d/j, wD ;" b'jk, wKj ;" wD ns/ s/b ph . sK nodk;hJ/
efjnk, j}{o ih ;Zu/ gkfsFkj \ pkwQD BjhI b/s/, sK puB j{nk c/o g[ZS
nk, nodk;hJ/ e' fenk ejs/I jB . sK no} eoh ih gkfsFkj, ih ;Zu/
;kfjp \ s[wkoh s[w jh ikD' . sK nodk;hnk vo frnk . ;kfjp f;zx sK
efjnk ;u/ gkfsFkj ejs/ jB, nfXekoh BjhI oj/, ysqh j'fJe izR{ bkfj
dhnk j . e[b e/ ;'Yh ;G ejs/ jB-r[o{ e/ pkto/ j'fJ rJ/ jB .« ;[D
eo sK puB j{nk f;yk \ Gbh eo', nzr{mhnK, eV/, b'j/ dhnK wkbK
pDkfJ b/ nkt' . wkB e/ puB fst/I jh eokfJe Fkw f;zx b e/ fdtkB
ftu ojokf; d/ t/b/ G/N r[o{ e/ nkr Xo/, sK r[o{ e/ p'b/ L
dksk eosk nkfg s{z s[f; d/tfj eofj g;kT[ ..
s{z ikD'Jh ;G; d/ b;fj fizd[ etkT[ ..

c/o tzv fds/ . d' eV/, J/e Skg, fJe }ziho, fJe eod, gKu
Gb/ ;opsq B{z toskfJ fds/ . ykb;/ ih B/ b bhs/, y[Fh j'fJ sK puB
ehnk, sK efjnk, ªr[o{ ykb;k , ykb;k r[o{ .«
ykb;k j'trk fBskfDnK ek skD, fBEkt/I ek EkT[I .
puB j{nk L
pqfjwD gqfsrqkjh, r[o{ S'vk, r[o{ B/ S''''v/,
r"V fs o'V . ;B"Vh, j{J/ gj{Vh .
ekB e[pi wkE[o . T[mkt f;Zy ;kEo .
sK d/ye/ eo'X r[o{ ih ek, go'js yVk j' e/ jZE i'V/, sK puB j{nk L
s[w ;ko;[s ykb;/ eh i[rfs .
oj' ekj{z G/;, ykb;/ e/ dot/F .
s[wkok j'fJ nz;, ;zGbg[o pz; .
ft;B i;[ e[b s[wkoh,gqik eh oytkoh .
fBjebze j't, e[b ;BkE ;'j .
sK ;'YhnK jZE i'V/, puB j{nk L
w/oh r[fonkJh, fiB e/ wB GkJh .
tXj[ e[b sKj ek, ww gzE e/ Bkj ek .
wkBfj w[M ;wkB, p;hnkj[ ww Xkw .
sp vo e/ ysqh nkJ/, jZE i'V e FoB gV/, puB j{nk, w/o/ gzE e/
nXhB oj'r/ sK ;[yh j't'r/, ;ko/ irs eh eko ykb;/ bJh .
nzphoh t}hoh caehoh .
ssphoh, }[jhoh, nebrhoh .
dkB eh djhoh, pzd{e sorFrhoh .
oki wzsq dksK T{d f;zx B' ns/ w'jo f;zx, XzBk f;zx, wkB f;zx,
dkB f;zx ns/ ufVQ f;zzx f}whdko r's B{z pyFk . efj e/ T[m/, wzdo wI
rJ/, wksk ihs' ih uoBh bkr/ . ªgkfsFkj \ p/N/ eh eoBr/, ;odkoh
fdsh f;ZyK B{z .« sK jZ; e/ p'b/,ªs[w ;Zuk xfo, ;wkb' . ;G s[wkoh
nkfrnk wzBrk, noF dh ;odkoh s/o/ e[Nzp B{z .
ªn;hI ijK, s[w sjK .«
fJj efje/ ;wkfX brkfJ, wZEk N/fe wjb rfJnk, tke wzfBnk .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .58.

59
toskok tos i[rfs, ;[B' f;Zy fus bkfJ .
;fsr[o i;h Gkt;h, s;h ubf; tkfJ .1.
J/e p/o ;fsr[o ejk ;G fdtkB uT[c/o .
p'b/ d/y efo ykb;/ E oki/ fYr x/o .2.
sp T[; p/o pho f;zx i;gkbhnk nkfJnk, wdB f;zx oig{s ph Ek,
sK r[oK e' g{Sk Fkw f;zx B/, ih gksFkj \ ykb;k E'Vk ns/ toh fjzd{
w[;b/
pj[s/, e;/ oki mfjo/rk < sK puB ;qh w[y tke gkfsFkjh d; L
ykfJ r' you b/fJr' bkb .
;oe r' i[X wI eor' fBjkb .
ykfo br bSwh f;wN ;roh nkB/ ;ko .
yV/ bV/ ;zrqkw wI ybe moIr/ gko .3.
ykB ykBkfJ bFefo go eo ;ko ek w/b .
sp ykb;k irr' ikB GkoE g/b .4.
yz i'rh bz G'r wI ;ko ;zrqjD/ wKM . 1
;[zB fXnkB r[D frnkB wI eo/ ykb;k ;KM .5.
;{zB bbk fsq: gzit/I T{B ;;k gzuk; .
;zps fpst ykb;k wkbe j'fJ fy; ik; .6.
ykdo bkdo ;kro/ phu eoIr/ oki .
fdZbh fNe Bk oki f;Zy r[o BkBe pyFh ;ki .7.
B"I B"I Bkr fwb w/dBh w[zvs s'o ;h; .
efb fJj GkoE j'fJr' sp yb ykbe yh; .8.
J/e ;z[B sq wKrXh e"ot fpb; oku .
J/e gzu go ;[zB d[fJ Bzd G{wgfs Gki .9.
fco ;"o: w"o: s[o: w[Hb gmkDK s/} .
uko ;[zfB nkXk T{go oj ykb;k o/} .10.
gKu ;[zB nkrw dhJ/ ebQk T[yko oki .

whs Ghs S{NB ybe Gow efb w ;ki .11.
J/e Uo fdg dZSBh r"o w'B g[B fcozr .
ir ykb;k dhg f;zx s' ;[y ejk Bfozd .12.
wkbt eot iKrbh wkMk gops nNe .
eFwhoh Ujz;g[o wbe g[o/ wI ;fNe .13.
fgF"o ibkbk ekpbh b/t/Ir/ iT[ e/; .
sp ykb;k ;zfX d[o fdZbh e/ ;G G/; .14.
ozr o{g ;fG Sg w dhg f;zx B"ozr .
i'sh i'fs ;wkfJ xo b'j/ S'j[ G[:zr .15.
e'Jh fdB ykJ/ ;jh bT{g[o ek fJe who . 1
;kXrk ;' ykb;k j'fJ ww d;szrho .16.
ªykb;k r[o{ ek, r[o{ ykb;/ ek .« sK f;ZyK wZEk N/fenk ns/ g[fSnk,
;kfjp ih \ r[o{ ek Gh sp doFB j'J/rk < puB j{nk,ªykb;/ wI jT[
ntsoKrk .« ;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[oP .59.
60
sK ;fsr[o{ ih u[g efo d/yD br/, sK f;ZyK ;opsq ykb;/ nodk;
eoh, ;Zu/ gkfsFkj ih \ GkDk toskok ;wMkfJ ejhJ/, s/ok gzE ;[Dh, jkB
bkG eh eEk e;/ j'fJrh . sK tke ;qh gksFkjh d;thI efjnk L
bky uko efb:[r ub pZsqh ;jz;q w{b .
ik efb wI ;kX{ ne[b fwN i[rB ek ;{b .1.
;[Bh Gftys ;zfjsk r[gs fpnk; fofy tke .
e[S nB[Gft fco ej'Irk r[o{ BkBe w[y tke .2.
uko poB d[fJ bky js[ J/e bky nk;qw[ .
nkX/ ekN fJ;sqh gkd gkg fJj wow[ .3.
d[fJ ;j;[ pkbe eNI d[fJ eNI fwb w{VQ .
d; j}ko w/b/ eN gKu[ rb/ S[N X{fV .4.
nkr/ oj ;' G'r Go efb wI ebeh j'fJ .
toB[ nkFqw e' S'v fis gkyzvh xo ;'fJ .5.

efb doFB e/ ekoB/ T[m/ gqks fJe toy .
Bro d{o j'fJ d/yhn sp do;kt woy .6.
Bro fFF[B 2 p sb tg{ eo wI G'iB[ ykfJ .
Bhb t;B p'b j; d/y p'b BkfJ .7.
doFB s/ gkse[ rJ/ fwNh Fze ;p d/j .
i' p'b ;' tke T[m fusts g{oB b/j[ .8.
J/e j}ko wkrX wX, e"ot G'rI oki .
wkrX wzsq wko efo, ezBjh bj[ ;wki .9.
gzdqk ; phs ip Bzd G{g j[fJ G{fw .
F{do eork toD e' go;okw ;w M{w .10.
okig{s dk;h ;[tB okik g[Fs fsj gKu .
gKu ;" g[B G'r j[fJ ;"oi e/ok wKu .11.
gKu ;" g[fB ;"oih 1 w"oi ;kY/ shB .
s{o2 ;ks ;" w[rfb ;fs j'fJ gmkDK whB[ .12.
gT[D p/d goBk; eo[ fco j'fJ w[rbB oki .
gT[D/ fSn ;" G'rs/, j'B s'oeh yki .13.
fs; uko j}ko/ gZuh to; phs/ T[gi ozr .
wjh w[Hb fco T[d j[fJ gKu ;n ;[y ;zr .14.
T[mk G[Mzrh w{b f;T[I ekbh j'Jh feqgkb[ .
soe w[jzwd s[oe[ xfo fdB fdB wko ;kb .15.
rzzzzrk ik br[ XofB go[, sk br s[oeB phi .
fJjh ;kb wI w"B 3 fBqg G'r oki othi .16.
Bgkbh ek oki ;{o feoDk ekN/ r[fozv .
w"Bh r"ob w/b eo j'fJ fcozrh M[zv .17.
fteqwjkfJB nkm d;[, ;fs phs/ ip f;Zy .
fdFk BkE phs/ ;[ fGy nFNkdF d[ofGy .18.
s/i w"Bhnk ;ks go, d' go o'b ;o{o .
wjK d[ofGy j[fJ Bk; fBqg G[b/ fcozrh d{o .19.
xfo xfo T[m/ T[d/ H}p T[BZh ;T[ e/ ;kb .
wko r[fozvh 4 eoIr/ sp ykb;k ukb .20.
T[d f;z sB r[o{ fjs ir dhg ;w dhg .

Jh; w{; fjzd{ ybe gh; fdykt dPhg .21.
xfo xfo T[io/ xfo xfo t; xfo xfo o't Bkfo .
xfo xfo g{ik xfo xfo wzvg xfo xfo j'fJ wo;ko5 .22.
wb/S jP fs;s/ go/ shB ;" phs/ poy .
;kro jh Bkro BjhI fps ;jz;q uoy .23.
wjKwb/Sh fco j't ;Gfj wb/S fpjko .
i'fJ }'o eh oki pb phs/ eb{ nkfJ ;ko .24.
;j; nmZsh eb{ rfs jfo ebeh ntsko .
sK fdB jw ph nkt;h j[fJ n;P n;tko .25.
woDk woDk wko wfo rbDk rfb rfb ;hs .
;op ykb;k fsnkr sB br FjhdB ohfs .26.
ekb Bro fBjebze[, nfp fco[ ikt eo uB .
:k fpfX phs/ ykb;k nkfJnk ;[gBk ;B[ .27.
okwdk; e[b okw e"o r[o T[esh efj u[g .
efjs/ brh ;wkfX gd, bJh w[efs o; r[g .28.
gY ;[B efb tkosk efbi[r sK ek dk; .
gkg Gr Grsh ir XzB f;Zy eh nk; .29.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .60.
61
J/e p/o ;qh r[o{ ih pm/ nub ;wkfX .
sp ykb;k f;T[I ejk efb wI ww[ fdqVQ pKfX .1.
i[r i[r wI jw ntsoI ngB GrsB eki .
ofjD ojfj ;' ykb;k ;' w/o' f;oski[ .2.
f;yB g{Sk gq/w ;'I ofjBh e' fEqszs .
fe; e' d/Bk few oj e;/ tosI ;zs .3.
r[o{ ej ;[B ykb;k e/; gkj[bh w[es .
e yzvk gkj[b Gbh e uoBB eh i[rfs .4.
Xo e/; gkj[b fpBk G/yh w{VQk f;y .
w'ok doFB Bkfj fs; gkgh fsnkr fGy .5.

J/e w}Qp ofjBk Gbk d' wI oj Bk e'fJ .
w/ok f;Zy ejkfJe GowI gkgh ;'fJ .6.
shB goeko ww f;Zy e/ ;jih, uoBh,yzv .
:K s/ e/;h j'fJ f;Zy shB' eo fpjzv .7.
J/e;[ e/;h ikBhJ/ d{ik j[fJ T[ge/; .
fpe/;h w[zvhI ;zrsh r[o{ fgnko/ s/; .8.
fjs T[gd/; r[o{ ek
u"gJh
w/ok ;' i' ofjs ojkt . gjo[ oks fJ;BkB eokt .
pkDh r[o{ eh ntfo Bfj gkm . gVQ r[ow[yh fsnkr mkN .9.
p/d Fk;sq r[otke eT[ Xko . nto fpnkfX ;w ;roh Nko .
noph gko;h nZyo B gVQ . w/ok f;Zy B"eoh feT[I eo .10.
s[oe e' wkEk epj{z Bk M[ekfJ . s[oe ;zfr pmfj Bfj ykfJ .
b'Gh mfjo Bkjh whs . f;Zy gjkVh eo B gqhfs .11.
uko poB ;zr tos/ n;/ . ;[B' f;Zy ww puB j i;/ .
pqkjwD uoB gkj[bh j't . nEtk ;fjih1 f;Zyh j't .12.
w/ok f;Zy nkB ;fG fsnkr . w/ok ;'fJ i[ w[y BjhI bkr .
G/yh pkwQB dkB Bk Ski . pkwQB b'Gh d{o fsnkoh .13.
;otoh Fesh pkwQD fsnkr . nKvk Nhe/2 w[y'I B bkr .
pkwQD f;Zyh fBzfdnk eo . fs; gkgh e d/ ft;[ wo .
yzv/ gkj[b eo Bk fgzv . fgsoB j/s[ G[rkt nzB .14.
d/fJ g[Fkeh XB ;p d/fJ . nto w}Qp e' f;Zy B b/fJ .
i' e'Jh w/o' Bkjh f;Zy . fs; pkwQD e' d/fJ B fGy .15.
nEtk pkwQD w/o/ gzE . uoB gkj[bh w[j ;' ezE .
pkwQD e/; fpB gkj[b Xko . gkyzvh e' d{o fBtko .16.
d'jok
w/o/ f;ZyB G/y Xfo dkB[ b{NB/ j/s .
Xo e/; fofy ;zfX sfi, gkgh egNh e/s .17.
fpgq toD T{sw pvk, shB d/t e' o{g .

gbfN w}Qp ghoB ii3 ;' gkgh d/t wo e{g .18.
fgqEwI foyh ;wkB j iNk i{N t:tjko .
noX toD g[B gkj[bh uoBh gq/wh ;ko .19.
G/y e/; Xfo nkB f;Zy g{is s[SB d/t .
sKfj Bk gkBh dhihJ/ w/ok f;Zy ;[;/t .20.
e/;kXkoh G/yhnk ihtB e/ fsB eki .
Xo/ e/; uzvkb ;w dhnk dkB fs; pkd .21.
u"gJh
w/ok f;Zy ;hsbk B wkB . G/yh e' i' d/t dkB .
ifj efjz ek ykt gq;kd . w/o/ f;Zy Bk nkfd i[rkfd .22.
fpB p{M/ d/tB e' ii . wI S'vk ;' f;Zy ww si .
w/ok f;Zy i[ shoE ikt . nfsfE e' d/ e G'r G[rkt .23.
i' d/t dkB gop e' wkB . r[oftFtk;h r[o{ n;EkB[ .
t/y Bkfj shoE e/ gKv . eo/ G/Y pB nkt nKv 1 .24.
oj fJeKfs gqhs iB d{o . ww ftuko ;' fBs Gog{o .
f;Zy G[rkt w/ok f;Zy . e/; G/y Bfj w/ok fgy .25.
d'jok
e/;tkB fpB e/; j[fJ w/ok j'fJ fB;zr 2 .
pkwQD ;'Jh fpnk; ;w d/t dkB[ T[wzr .26.
ezfBnk d/tI f;Zy e' b/t Bfj feS[ dkw .
w/ok ;'Jh f;Zy j'fJ gj[zu/ b/ ww Xkw .27.
gho ;oto ;hsbk i'rh G{s B ;/t .
r[o ;/t ;G eki wI gj[zu/ ww[ do s/fJ .28.
nkzBd ig[ fBs jh gVQ E'Vk ;kok f;Zy .
ojokf; nkosh Fpd g[fB ehosB ;[B ;[ fGy .29.
f;Zy f;ZyDh fwb pjI uouk eoI ngko .
GiB f;yktI g[sq e' fBs Gi pkoz pko .30.
ysqh f;Zy g[fB t;[ j'fJ FokfX fgsq e' ikB .
eo eoktI fpgq f;Zy, nkB B fpgqB wkB .31.
d/fJ e[dkB i' f;Zy ww rqkfje ikt Boe[ .

ngB' Gb' sKe' p[ok sKjh s/ efo coe[ .32.
r[o{ Go';k nk; r[o, Bk e'Jh b'e gob'e .
;dk ;BkBh frnkB fXnkB f;Zy ohfs fpB F'e .33.
go Bkoh owsk i'Jh gVQ gko;h iht .
Bk wI sKek Bkfj ww[, f;Zy B ib fs;[ ght .34.
gko;h iKe xfo gVQ sKek BjhI ft;kj[ .
sKek S[fjnk B ykJhJ/ sik Xow[ ek okj[ .35.
FokX eokJh fpnkj XB, w/ok f;Zy fdi ykfJ .
;' G/yh gkgh nfXe fsfEnk 1 B d/t skfjz .36.
rqfj g{ik g[fB rkfJsqh p/u dkw b ftgq .
rqjD dkB SkfJnk gF{ ykts Boeh fygq2 .37.
rqfjD t/b g{ik ig j'w sogfD fJ;BkB .
S[N rqjD d dkB ww f;Zy GbkJh ikB .38.
dkB bfJ i' rqjD wI nksw xksh w{VQ .
w/ok f;Zy fs; w{VQ fdi r/o/ e{gB r{VQ3 ,.39.
dkB gksq frqj fBoXBk b/fJ e[bhBh ;'fJ .
;w wb/S j[fJ ftgq sk, sKfj ;tor Bfj e'fJ .40.
ezfBnk XB fdi rqjD XB d/t g{i i' ykfJ .
JhjK fsnkr sKfj e', f;Zy Xkw ww ikfJ .41.
w/ok f;Zy rqzEhnk 4 g{ik ykfJ nodk;[ .
fby ykt M{mk u[rb, w/ok Bkfj ;[ dk; .42.
u"gJh
ykb;k ;'fJ i' bJ/ B dkB . s[oe fjzd{ eh oy Bk nkB .
fpgq gqfsrqjh 5 S[t B nzr . ;' w/ok j"I fs; e ;zr .43.
d"jok
F;sq Xko e ykJhJ/ fJj SfsqB eh ohs .
fpgq ;zs'yh dkB Gb ykt Gi ;[ whs .44.
G/y fgnkok Bkfj ww toB[ fgnkok Bkfj .
ofjs fgnkoh w'fj e' f;de fgnkok nkfj .45.

ofjBh ;fsr[o[ f;Zy eh ejh i[ fjs fus bkfJ .
gVQ ;[B Grsh bj w[efs r[o{ xfo ikfJ .46.
;kyh gPoh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .61.
62
J/e p/o ;fsr[o{ ih pm/ ngB/ GkfJ .
eEk GJh sfj gKvtB gzfvs Gkos 1 nkfJ .1.
sK ghS uouk GJh wok Bk nkt e'fJ .
fenk ikBI fenk j'fJ sjK j tk Bkjh j'fJ .2.
sp p'b Bzdbkb ih eoBh ewb iwkb .
f;Zy f;de r[ow[y pv' fsB e' Gb' jtkb .3.
;Bkgfs eftsk ej r[o doFB s/ gko[ .
eo Gbh tk p[oh fBs ;fsr[o b/fJ ;tko .4.
T[dokfJ eft fJT[I ejk i;h ekj{z xkb .
s;k cb dWw 2 j'fJrk i;k phi fp;kb .5.
ªoktb« p'b it e' JhFo nzF fBjko .
BjhI dzv ngBh ;[ofs fpuo b'G g;ko[ .6.
ªnZb{« p'b d/fj iVQ gzu ss[ S[N iKfj .
pfX gqkD sB nkfj iVQ u/sB nkg' nkfj .7.
ªwX{« p'b/ i' ;jh j u/sB gow ;o{g .
tj wko wosk BjhI d{ik e"B nB{g .8.
nrfB nrfB fiw ;hs ;hs, fxqs fxqs gkBhtko .
Gqw jko3 d/y' eth d{ik ejK ftuko .9.
ªuzd« uzd ue'o fiT[I pkb wkfJ eh ohfs .
fsT[I rfs JhFPo iht eh ikD gqkDh whs .10.
ªpZb{« fp;B[ ceho eh, p'bh ;[B Bk e'fJ .
fsT[I JhFo no iht eh, d[fpXk ihn wI j'fJ .11.
ªbZyk« bZy wD p'M fij ;'Jh wosk Gko .
j;s/ jbe/ b'r ;G gkg g[zB fJT[I Xko .12.
ªJh;odk;« efj ;[B' ;kX shB ekb fJj BkfjI .

i' dh; ;' nZrsk 4 :kwI ;z;k Bkfj .13.
ª;[yhnk« ;[gB J/e Bo, ebg o{g nB/e .
s;/ JhFo fus s/ T[gi fBgi fpp/e .14.
Xow f;zx fBi Xow[ j ngB' fJFN gqXkB .
nkB Xow ;ro/ fBcb :K wI p/d gqwkB .15.
fsnkr[ w{b j ªfXnkB f;zx« fty G'r s/ d{o .
fXnkB Xo fJj gow XB ;fsr[o{ gd eh X{fo .16.
wkbk ;fsr[o ikg eh «wkbk f;zx« wh ikB .
iKs/ e' nfGwkB j us[o tor e' ;kB .17.
;[B ;zpkd fJj[ ;rfb e', ;fsr[o T[uo/ tke .
nBjd ;kXB i'r e' ;wsk fXnkB fJeKek 1 18.
shB g[oy go p/d tke u"E/ Bfj nfXeko .
w[efs w[w{y 2 fty: e', gkwo u"Ek Xko .19.
fBi ;o{g e' ;wM e w[esh S[Nek nkB .
wI e' e' ;z;ko[ fJj[, w[w{y y'iB pkB .20.
ftyJh ftfX ;fG p/d eo fsnkr/ ;rb fBy/X .
fty G'r pKSk nfXe ;wMs ;[B eo G/d .21.
fty G'r Bfj si ;e ftfX eos' nb;kfJ .
Bfj T[gkFBk ekw fpB gKwo X{w ftekfJ .22.
br iKfj e'
GktBk ;{Mk woBk nki[ .
frnkB ;wfM nkgk byk, G/Nk r[o{ ;wki[ .23.
i;h i;h tk;Bk s;h fusfj sozr .
iKs/ ;rb/ ;[yh jPI fty: pqjw e' ozr[ .24.
g{o/ r[o s/ g{oB' g{oB xN B nzr .
w[efs i[rfs pg[oh ejK n;k r{VQk ozr .25.
gtB ss ;fG fGzB ip woBk ejs/ w{VQ .
fco ;zi'rh ;[gB fiw[ rvh tk;Bk r{VQ .26.
tk;Bk y: no wB' Bk;[ j'fJ nfGnk; ftuko .
fJ; s/ eNhJ/ iBw[ woB[ nT[o T[gkt B ;ko[ .27.
;fG T[gkt ;w dw uofi i'r iZr sg dkB[ .

;fs;zrfs fpB fpcb[ j, pKM ;[tB[ ;w wkB 3 .28.
;t:k
gfs e/ ekoB ftnkj ou:' Bo pj[sk ;ki iB/s wzrkJh .
d/t e' g{iB pzX ;[ pzX[ fpfXtkB[ ;[ gzvs bhU p[bkJh .
;'r si ;[B GkwfB 1 rkts wzrb rhs ;[ tkdB 2 SkJh .
s;/ ;kXB nksw ekoB BKfj by:' fsj e"B ;jkJh .29.
d'jok
Gb' iBw Gb e[b Bro, Gb' r[Dh ;[ efE .
;wfM nkg ir ikb pu, J/ew/e by ofE .30.
pqjw frnkB[ uouk ;dk j's fBefN r[o{ fdnkb[ .
;[B f;Zy fdqVQ fXnkB i[s Gt G fwN ;wkb .31.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .62.
63
J/e ;w/ ;qh r[o{ ih Xow ghqfSnk j/s .
eo:' iZr fBtsk dh:' G'iB eo ;ze/s .1.
n;' efj:' ;[BkfJe wk; ykfJ fdi i'fJ .
nFoch J/e dZSDk fs; n;/ efj:' ;[ j'fJ .2.
yho yKv ek G'rsk, J/e o[gJhnk sKfj .
ip ykfJ u[e/ pj[ b'G efo wk;-njkoh nkfJ .3.
yho njkoh w[jo eo wk; e[ o[gJhnk fJe .
puB dhnk ;qh r[o{ ih fJj b'Gh Xow fBfie[ .4.
fJj ;kX{ fiB b'G Bfj Xow ewk:' ;fs .
wk; ykfJ fpgq ejK ;' uzvkb[ ek fws .5.
ghS ;fsr[o fJt ejk ;[B' f;Zy fus bkfJ .
w/ok f;Zy ;' ikBh:' wk; ykfJ fdi BkfjI .6.
puB ;[Bk ;G ;zrsh eoh p/Bsh J/j[ .
i' fpgq gkj[bh j't sK eh eoBh e/j[ .7.
puB j{nk sp r[o{ ek nkbw f;zx ;g{s .

Xow[ Ssqh gkfJ e' fdi s/ j{nk g[oj{s 3 .8.
sK eh fdisk Sfsq eh eo yVr eh ;/t .
Bk fBtsk Bk dkB g{i i' d/t fsj d[ys/t .9.
sKjh s/ jw T[skfo:' iZr:'gths1 eh nkB .
wdok wk; e' S'oBk J/jh fpgq eh wkB .10.
pqjwB j'fJe fpfX eo fjz;k wk;[ Bk ykfJ .
ykt ;' b[Zuk fpgq ;w uzvkb ejkfJ .11.
b'G ojs ;wsk fi; eo frnkBk ek nzr .
d/t foyh ;' j'fs j w/o' puB nGzr[ .12.
i' frqjh izrb p; p/d gVQ fus bkfJ .
T[Sf;;bk2 efo iht j, w[fB ;' fpgqokfJ .13.
Bro pk; rqfj Xow i[s fBzdk Jhoyk S'o .
;' pqkjwD fpgq ;jh n;/ ikB w'o .14.
F;sqB s/ Ssqh GfJnk, jZNh s/ jP tF .
e;pdko ;{dq ;jh fdi ek Sotk3 G/; .15.
rkfJ fBos s/ BN fpgq u[rb d{s s/ wb/S .
Gy[ nGy[ ;wM BjhI wd wk; goBkfo .
;' uzvkb fsj fsnkr efo w/o' f;Zy fBjko .16.
nkfg b/fJ b'Gh pvk ntoB d/y x[ookfJ .
;' wziko4 fdi ikBh:' sKfj Bk d/t GkfJ .17.
gKXk pqjwB fpnkfj XB dZyDk b/fJ gq:'r .
e;ph fpgq gkg xfo fsj dksk nx Ux5 .18.
fpgq gVQ jfo e' Gi fBzdk T[;sfs fsnkr .
eo ;[Gkte eow e' ;' gksq ;[G tke .19.
u"gJh
fpgq j'fJe J/e fpnkj . fpgq toB[ e' fpnkj B fpnkj[ .
fpnkj-eokJh b/fJ B dkw[ . nkB d/t eh eo B ekB .20.
fpfX eo skrk fpfX eo p/d . fpfX ek dkB[ Bk Xko G/d .
G'iB dkB e[dkB fsnkrk . ;' fpgq g{fins pvGkrk .21.
rqfjB B b/t s[bk Bk w{os . SkfJnk fwqse iBw rqfj d{os .

.22.
fpB wKr/ gVQ p/d g[okB . d/t dkB G'r ;[o frnkB[
b/t d/t w'j Bk eo, ;' fdi ;rb[ irs s/ go .
fsB e/ gkfJ gos w[j[ s/i, d/t frnkBh eowB u/s .23.
wI i[ gzE ehnk fsB ekoB[ . Bfj s/ w/o' iBw[ nekoB[ .
w/ok f;Zy B fBtsk1 wkB, w/ok f;Zy ;' dkB Bk dkB .24.
w/ok f;Zy tokrh oj, nki ekb eo ekb ;zrqj .
;[nkwh Xow eo fBs gkb, Xow gkfb F[G o;sk Gkb .25.
;w/I ;w f;o G'rB ;/t, Skv w{VQsk pkDh r[o r/t .
;[B' f;Zy wwsk BjhI eoBh, Gb/ p[o/ eh ;/tk XoBh .26.
Bhu ;zr BjhI eoh:' fwsq, puB jko ek M{m ufosq .
i' e'T{ w/ok f;Zy ejkt, gkj[b b/ ;[G eow[ ewkt .27.
fgSb/ eow ;fG ikfJ fpbkfJ, r[o[ ;oBh ip nkt XkfJ .
n;[o G{s eh ;/tk si, gkjB eh g{ik Bfj ii3 .28.
gkjB g{ik efb ek GkT[4, wVQh w;kDh M{mk ;[nkT[ .
fvzG eo w{zdfj i/ Bke[, igBh c/o/ pv' Bkgke5 .29.
fiBe GkfJ B nzsfo c[ok, feT[I w{oy shoE Gqfw fcok .
ehosB GiB rzr ib[ Xko, ;'Jh w[es[ fiB Gik w[okfo .30.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .63.
64
dhg f;zx j'fJ ntsoI e{V eo;h okb6.
f;Zy jwko/ nwo ;d fsB eh eoBh ;kb7.1.
J/e p/o ;fsr[o ej:' efbi[r f;Zyh w'o .
Xow ewkt pur' f;de fpBk ;p y'o .2.
GzrkDh e/ y/s wI i[ZM ;G ww f;Zy .
;[y G'rI nzBdg[o wky'tkb e/ ftu .3.
j{nk i[ZX Bd"D wI rJ/ gjkVh Gkr .
nkJ/ s[oe bj"o s/ B[ozr r[bkwh gkr .4.

oki/ c{N/ nkg wfjI wo:' s[oe f;odko .
jwI puk:' jkE d sp wQko eosko .5.
byB"sh e rzr g[fo GJ/ i[X ;G ;[X .
fdbhgfs eh c"i uVQ wko// s[oeB fpqX .6.
pv/ i[ZX GJ/ ykb;k ihs/ pv/ ngko .
ihsh ybe[ e[b Bk; efo ;h; dJ/ Xow eko .7.
np wb/Sh tXh nfXe[ f;zx ykgtI pho .
w/oh f;fynk ;fs ikB Bkfj G[bkt' Xho .8.
f;Zy jwko/ j'fJIr/ xfo xfo j'fJrk oki .
sK ghS fJe f;Zy ww[ Xo gzE eh bki .9.
wko/rk e[; Bro[1 e' fJzdq/fis pv s/} .
sKe/ ghS/ i[X j'fJ xfo xfo bV Bo/F .10.
pj[ fdB phs/ poy fos, T[B f;ZyB xo[ G{g .
s/itkB okik nfXe j't ykb;k o{g .11.
fco ghS pj[ fdBK s/ oki ykb;k mfjo .
gFuw ihs/ gopshI g[B eFwhoh Ffjo .12
wko wko eo wor' fiTI[ Ub/ e/ p'j2 .13.
fiT[I jhok B{sB w[es b; dhg eh eKs .3
e{N noE4 f;ZyB tofi nkg nkg wI FKs .14
sK p[ZY/ ;kfjp B' efjnk, fJ; e{M fdt; wI ykb;/ e/ ntskoh oki/
j'tIr/ . fJsBh efj eo F;sqK e/ d/yB/ wI gou/ r[o{ ih . ukbh xVh ghS/
p'b ;[DkfJnk nkbw f;zx B{z, s{z pVk ozxV jI . jZ; e/ efjnk nkbw[
f;zx, wI f;Zy s[wkQok . sK ;fsr[o{ efjnk, b'j/ B{z b'jk eZN, ozxfV B{z
ozxfV, oki/ s/o/ w"i{d ehs/ . s{z ozxfV d/ xfo iBwrkl f;Zyh, nZXh fdsh
ns/ oki ;kok . nkbw f;zx efjnk, doFB Gh j'trk < puB
j'fJnk,ªjw Gh nzfwqs;o okw;o eh GktBh oZyd/ jK, sjK T[soIr/,
frnkoQthI t/o[, nkgDh y/sqh ykb;/ B{z ;wkbD . e'Jh BK ikD ;e/rk .«
oki tX/rk ykb;k T[wAs j't Bk; .
m/v/ ykt ykb;k w'j ;wkb ;k; .
T[so'Irk wI sph fdB iK fdB[ w[es/ f;zx .
c{V r{VQ no w{VQ fBqg ikfJ ygIr/ fgzr[ .

sp f;oQzdh Bk; xfo e[b w/oh j[fJ Bk; .
fiTI[ ikdt b/ rJ/ feqFB e[b ekN{z fiTI[ xk; .
gKu f;Zy ;odko ww ehB/ e{N1 pykB[ .
fJBek noE B g{Sh:' ww jw ;[s ek nkB .2.
fJsBh efje/ T[m/ x'V/ d/yB/ e', d/y y[Fh j'J/, rDh rDsh c/o bzro
rJ/, gq;kfd Sfenk SekfJn, gbzx go b/N/ . ykb;k rfJnk nkgD/ v/o/
.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .64.
65
GkJh f;Zy' \ ;fsr[o{ igDk wB[Zy ek bkG jrk, J/e pko J/e f;ZyDh
nkJh j}{o ns/ o'tD brh, g[fSnk r[o{ ih sK f;ZyDh p'bh-w/ok Gosk
doFB B{z nkfJnk ;h ;Zu/ gkfsFkj \ no wkfonk rfJnk, j[D wI eh eoK
< wI ibkbkpkd dh jK, god/; nkfJe d[y gkfJnk .
j{nk puB sp ;zrshI F;sq pKXj[ fBs
;[fDnk wzfBnk puB sfp F;sq ;zrfs fws .1.
bVsh ;zrfs r[o{ eh ;[B fgy ;fsr[o fdnkb .
tko Gr"sh gfVQnk eo' ;zrs s[oeB ;kb .2.
f;Zy pvkJh eos nkg F;sqB eoI i[ZX .
s[oeB ;'I tXdk rfJnk ;p ;zrs ek eo[ZX .3.
pzdh j'tI woI wko eo fgnkBk Bke .3
pfY:' j"I;bk irs e' j'ts f;Zy r[otke .4.
gqhs' gqhsk whs' whsk brk j'D sp b'r .
b'eI b[eI Gb/ p[o/ ej{z joy ej{z ;'r .5.
Bkw ewkt f;de ;[Bkt j't pj[ gq;kfd .
;qh r[o{ gKfJB gos go w/N irs fpykX .6.
;kb{ gZsq4 r[o{ ih d/tI f;yB nBkfJ .
}yw fwN xkfJb yo' fJj pfX dJh pskfJ .7.
Fkj f;ezdo o{w ek nkfJnk ftu gzikp .

fsB[ xfo fJbwh fsp1 e' skfbp ehBk nkg .8.
sKe/ xo fj fpfdnk phsk pz; guk;[ .
b[de Bro T[so fdFk ofjsk sjK ;[ sk; .9.
poy nkopbk fwbk sp ;o otkb e/ ;kE .
poy ojk woB/ ;w dhB' fpfdnk gkE .10.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .65.
66
J/e p/o ;qh r[o{ ih e/ j}{o pks ubhm i' gkfsFkj ih \ w{oshnK
g{id/ jB pDkfJe/, J/j Gb/ jB fe fijV/ fXnKtd/ jB ;' Gb/ jB < sK
;Zu/ r[o{ ;kfjp efjnk, GkJh f;Zy'
wB ek u"Ie ;fs ek GkfJ . w{ofs Bebh n;bh BkfJ2.
eoBh eow g{op, Xos fXnkB iw eh rJh Ghs3 .1.
;t:k
fXnkB Xo fij ekoB ;kXe ;' ifrnk;h w'y gSkB' .
ekwBk gz[i4 fpBk; eo jh: ;' s[w ;kXe nwb f;oB' .1.
;{ofs w{ofs pKX Xoh fiB w{VQB eh goshs pykB' .
w/o' ;'Jh iB f;Zy ;[Fhb fXnkB nekb e/ phu ;wkB' .2.
d'jok
nfXe fXnkB jfo Bkw fBs pkDh fpB ;[Fhb .
F;sq ;{ok dfJnktkB sK ;w n"o B ;hb[ .3.
J/e ;wkb Bkw e' J/e eozsk fXnkB .
J/e eozsk f;bk g{i shB' Grs gSkB[ .4.
Bkw igs j jfo Grs fXnkB Xo ;[y frnkB .
f;bk g{i s/ skw;h shB' Grs ;[ ikB .5.
jwok ws j GiB ek fXnkB i[rfs ofjok; .
eoBh r[o{ BkBe eoh tosh r[o e[b Gk; .6.
efbi[r Xow jfoBkw nfs iKfj Gi Gt gko .
;' eoBh GoBh ojs f;ZyB eoh ;zwko .7.
;eb w[be e' w//bhJ/ db e s[oeB gho .

jwok nktB G{fw go ;wM' f;Zy sspho .8.
pkDk e/;fj w{zvk s[oe eZS{ jwkok fpod .
szpk ckok pKr jfB s[oe B S'o'I frod .9.
;{o ykfJ ;' ykb;k ;{o wodBh f;Zy .
r[o{ ek f;Zy ;' wkBhn ;dk ;wkb fGy .10.
ekb p[ok nfs p[ok ;hs p[oh oKv eh gqhfs .
p[oh pvkJh nkgBh p[oh nwkBh ohfs .11.
p[ok eo} nfs p[oh gqhfs ;G ;'I Gd B d/fJ .
:k fpfX pos irs wI fJFN xNh B b/fJ .12.
pdB ehi fwsqsk toh eo Bk pd .
i'fsF pj[sk ;[B Bfj, g{S frqj eh ed.13.
ekfJo ;bkjh Gkoik1 ekoi c'ek j'fJ .
g{S fpB ekoi p[ok, g{S Bfj wr'fJ .14.
E'Vk ykfJ xo wI ;[yh b'G fsnkoh i'fJ .
XB e' wB e' ;[gB e' ngB' eo B e'fJ .15.
;fbb2 ;/thJ/ gqks T[m ;hs wKM sg nkfr .
ir G{y G[rsh Gy nzfwqs xo ek ;kr[ .16.
go F;so go x'V ek go Bkoh go rq/j .
go XB go wB d/; go fJBek fenk n;B/j .17.
Xosh X/B[ ;[toB n;[ Bkoh wzsq gkm .
J/jh dkB ;G dkB f;o nzB ;GB s/ ;km .18.
Bkw igB ;G gkm s/ nzB dkB ;G dkB .
;G i{Bh s/ nfXe Bo eoh:' f;Xy ;[o frnkB[ .19.
;G ek nk;ok w/x[bk ;G ek oZyh Sfsq3 .
xo eh okyh Bkfo fiT[I nzsfo oy jfo fwsq .20.
p[ok woD ihtD p[ok eoDh fpB fej ekw .
F;sq jhD Ssqh p[ok nDgVQ fdi pokB4.2.
fpgq F;sqXkoh p[ok p[ok fpgq ;w f;zx .
tF gVQk ;G s/ p[ok Ssqh p/dh f;zx .22.
F{do gVQ i[ p/d tke[ fsnkrh Xko Bkfo .
f;Zy fsnkr f;de e' fenk sKek fJspko .23.

wzsq szsq ek p[ok ;zr gq/s ;/tBh Bkfo .
p[ok pkb ;{ok fgsk ojhJ/ sKfj ;zwko .24.
pj[sk ykDk pks pj[ pj[sk nwb fsnkr .
w/ok j'fJ ;[ wkfB ;u[ ojBh oj fBs bkfr .25.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .66.
67
J/e p/o wjb w/I rJ/ r[o{ ih, sp wksk ihs' ih p/Bsh eoh ns/ wZE/
N/e/ pj[s t/o, sfp puB wB ek wsk fenk j s[wQkok xo tkfU \ e[S
ej', sK nXhB j'fJe p'b wksk ih, ªGbk ih \ n;hI ph wBZ[y d/j jK .
fenk ikwk shthI dk j, e[S ;fs;zrs BjhI gqkgs j[zdk . s[w jh r[o{ j',
e[S T[gd/F eh ukfj jrh .« sK puB j'fJnkL
wBks ;op ;kXB pB wB br ;G T[gd/F .
wB{nk gbN/ frnkB j[fJ wB bkr ofs F/; .1.
w[y o{X by ;[tk; e' fpofs nzso w[y d/fJ .
fJj ohfs eo Bkd ofs, wB{nk fwqr ;[y b/fJ .2.
BB br pBB br ;qtB Fpd e wZX .
T[gofs wB{nk1 fty s/ pqjwkBzd ;[y ;[X .3.
fijp skb{ wX d/ BB brkt Bke[ .
gfjb n;/ ;/thn ;fsr[o[ gd wfB Gkfy .4.
mfjokt ;[nk;[ ip fpqfs EzGkt nzs .
pjh pk;Bk o'ehJ/ shB wk; br ;zs .5.
u"E/ wk; fEs gkfJe t;s[ Bkw i[ d/y .
;'Jh nzr nkgB/ by fJjh i[rhFo G/d .6.
shpq pk;Bk d{fo efo fiTI[ ib wSbh XkfJ .
n;h ;kX ;kXBk wB{nk fuZs fpbkfJ .7.
gzu G{s G{ pko jfo pk:{ BG n;E{b .
rzX, o;, o{g ;goF X[fB ;{yw eow ftu w{b .8.
gqkD ngkB ;wkB fpnkB T[fdnkB[ gzu[ n;EkB phi .
T[o gkTI[ fjodk ;zfX, BKVh gKufj Ghi[ .9.

Bkr e[S U feofebh d/tds XB ihs .
T[drko1 B/so fSe[ izGDk2 w{J/ egkbh ohfs .10.
fGzB fGzB ;p pKN eo sZsB Xks{ pKN .
nzsfjeoD e' fGzB efo F/y3 nkswk ;KN .11.
fJjh frnkB fJj i'r ohfs fJjh Grfs ek eki .
iZr dkB shoE sg sik fJj fpfX wB e' ;ki[ .12.
fdB nEtk okshI eo nbgjkoh neb .
dw ;kX pKX fust sT[ gktI ;[G ;eb .13.
fwfEnk pB XB Bkfo ;[s fwfEnk ir e' fpqzd .
nfGnk;h gkt ;ko e' fJjh i[ i'r Bfozd .14.
efj efo dh:' r[o Gkt s/ wksk bkrh i'r .
:k fpfX ;zXe gqkD efo J/e poy br G'r .15.
pg[ S'fvnk nfGnk; pb uouk ubh ijkB .
w'fj ;[Ds g{fS:' fs; go; okw pokrh nkB .16.
;fsr[o efjU ;wMkfJe fsB Gh ;fs rfs gkfJ .17.
jw g{Sh sp j; efj:' s[w G'r' ofs Bkd .
nzs ekb jw[ do; j[fJ s[w fus ww gd nkfd .18.
GJh fJj ;kyh ;kfjp f;zx ;fsr[o dhBh w'fj .
s[w fby f;yB j/s Xfo ;fs rfs nogfs s'fj .19.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .67.
68
J/e p/o r[o{ ih efjnk ;zrs B{z GkJh f;Zy' \
XzB Bkoh XzB GiB[ j XzB efbi[r irdh;[ .
wjK fpekoh i[r so/, GiB sokJ/ eh; .1.
Bkoh dfJnk nBzs j :k i[r Ghso Gkfy .
yN Fk;sq gd fenk eo, Bkw igs wB oky .2.
J/e gkoXh 1 Ek sK T[B J/e[ p/o pj[s/ iht wko/ . sK ghS fuohnK
wkohnK, pj[s gzSh br/ fpobkg eoB . sp T[j ;'fu wB ftu efjD
brk, J/; pB ftu sg;h sg eos/ jI . oki/ Gh oki S've/ pB ftu

nkfJ skgs/ j . n;kvk d/j gkgh, pB ftu nkfJe iht wko/ pvk
gkg ehnk . sK efjD brk j[D fpeqwkihs T[gekoh j . T[; gk; ubhJ/
. J/j[ fpuko e/ ufbnk, sK nr/ okik n;tko[ j{nk ;Bk ;kE nkfJnk ,
gkoXh B{z d/fy efo geVkfJ bhnk pKXk . gzi fdB ;}kfJ dJh . sK
b"Ivh2 d/ wB dfJnk nkJh . T[B g[oy-G/; eo nkg pzXkfJnk ns/ T[;B{z
SvkfJnk . wjhBk j{nk sK oki/ :kfd efonk gkoXh B{z . sK oki/ g[fSnk
s{z Bkoh tk g[oy < sK p'bh,ªno/ gkgh \ gkoXh gkgh jK wI s/o/ gkgh d/
xfo nzB gkDh ykfJnk, wI shthI j'Jh, w/ok ;oho wod dk efo, BjhI wI
woKrh .« okik ;[De/ F'e ftu rbskB j{nk, p'fbnk, ªisB eoKrk, ws
wo .« gqks T[m okik izrb B{z rfJnk, sK T[j gkoXh j'fJ pmk sg;h .
oki/ wZEk N/fenk sK B p'bk . sK okik sg;h B' T[mkfJ fbnkfJnk, nkdo
eoe/ oki ;"Ifgnk, wzsqhnK B{z efjnk ªw/ok r[o{ jrk, s[;K nkfrnk
wzBDh, ik br wI B nktK«efj eo okik rfJnk sg eoB/ brk, ghS/
T[; sg;h czXe efjnk, w/ok ejDk J/j[ j .. b"Ivh wzrkfJe oki go
pmkJh ns/ nkg S've/ T{jK pB e' rfJnk . sK wzsqohnK efjnk, J/j[
r[o e/ w"Ii{d j[ew j't/ . sK b"Ivh p'bh, fpFB[ B{z geV' . sK ;G br/
isB eoB . Bro tokfB rfJnk . J/e r[ck ftu Y{zvfdnK g[jeo ftu
f;X gkfJnk sK g[fSnk, wow efjnk, jm d/fynk i' wod/ jB sK f;X
;kE fwb froBko go uVQ/ . T{jK i[roki[ f;X efjnk, g[oy j'r[ s[wkok
oik . sK T[j p'b/ fpFB[ B{z ukjhdk j, sK f;X ;kE j{J/ okik B{z ph
fbnkJ/ fpeqwkihs ;kE, Bkoh g[oy ehsk . okik B' oki dhnk . sK
wSzdo BkE r'oy[ s/ nkfd f;X pj[s/ nkJ/ . fwb efo oki wzsqh eoh
n"os s/ i' g[oy Ek, J/j[ efjnk fpFB[ wB[Zy d/j j . dfJnk ek cb[
s[os fdykfJnk . i[r ek Xow gkoXh r[o{ ehsk, gkg eZN/ T[;e/ . GkJH
f;Zy' \ Bkw ek goskg gkoXh oki r[o{, dfJnk ek cb b"Ivh g[oy j'fJ
okik ek wzsqh . oki/ B/ gqwkoE ehnk-f;X doFB . ;p fpFB[ g[fo p; .
XzB fJj ebi[r i[r yok, eoBh E'oh j'fJ .
n"o i[rB s/ nfs Gb' gko T[sko ;'fJ .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .68
69

J/e p/o r[o{ ih e/ doFB B' ;zrfs nkJh, doFB eoe/ . fBjkb j{J/
. pvh GhV j'Jh, rowh eh o[s Eh, ;GBK ehnK GktBk g{ohnK eos/ E/,
sK GhV ftud'I J/e[ ceho wzdkoh 1 p[e Gfonk j'fJnk c[bK dk j}{o nkfd
gj[zfunk p/jkb j'fJ frnk . rowh ek gq;/t 2 trdk Bzrk d/j . nkfJe
c[ab uzp/bh r[bkp e/ G/N nkD dhJ/ . puB j{nk r[o{ ek, ;kJhI tkb/
;kfjp b'e . pdB3 B' fJsBk eFN feT[I dhnk, ca[Zb nkD/, s[wkok
doFB jh G/N jrk . J/e ikfDnk sK G/fN fenk . sK caeho p'bk L
d;s ]kbh, o{fJ f;nkj . d;s nkwd p/gotkfj .
ntk} ]kbh ijkB p/gho . pdB ;z[B ekcao p/t}ho .
;fsr[o pdB o{j ][Fjkb . pk}h pHo ;kJhI w[ofd jkb .
][dkfJ pzd/ pHo jtkfJ . ][dkfJ uFw p/gotkfj .
pdB ca[owkB ]bk;h ijkB . pzdrhdko dorkj gotkB .
sK ;[D efo y[Fh j'fJnk dot/F . p'bk-wZe/ eh }kos j{Jh, fpnp
o'}, ]{p dhdko ][dkfJ uFw dhdwfj. J/e pks jrh, ;Zu/ r[o{ gho
ijkB \ pzdk pdB edw do u{ Bfj . dohnkfJ do sB yo ukfje
wzrkfJnk v[peh bJh sK jw rJ/ . d/yK d{o b/ rfJnk e'Jh . sK wI ykp
ikDh, fJe shthI d/yh T[; d/ d/j ftu pj[s/ iht d/y . c/o T[j wzdo
ftu b rJh, pvk nkdo[ dhnk, g[ik G/N dJh . sK wI J/e g[oy d/yk w{zjK
tkbk, pkjK tkbk, Bkr bg/N/ ;g/o/ tKr{ p'bk ª;[y ;kJhI .« wI p'bk wI
ikfDnk BkjhI sK p'bk,ªd;tK gkfsFkj gk; ikfJ ejDk gKu eo'V
guktB bky XB s[wkok jrk, np ek, shthI gk; . d; eo'V ;Zso bky
d{ih shthI jZE G/ik . fgSbk d/j ek, fJjdh feZe[o rZb j . ;tk ;'bK
eo'V dk w[by Gkt/I XB tkX/ ;D/ b/t' . fiE/ ukj' T[E/ jh sbp' .« ;[fD
efo jZ;/, Gbk ;kJhI ceho Gbk, sK ceho B g[fSnk, ih jw ph e[S ikDI
}kjo eohJ/, sK p'fb ;[DkfJnk-;fsb[dq shthI ;h ns/ g[oy ;w[zdq ;h .
d{ih shthI r'dktoh ;h . jw b/yk ;wMKr/ . go nkfJe f;ZyK g[ZsK B' b
d/tKr/, iK fdB oki bkfJe[ j'Dr/ . oig{s dk pkbe[ jrk, T[;dh jZEh
b/tKr/ . d/tKr/ ph, b/yk pj[sk jrk . jwkok p/Nk ;h, wkJh ;w/s b/yk
;wMDr/, J/; tk;s/ efjnk j, Gbk ih, Gbk ih d' p/o . ;kJh ceho[
;Zu jrk, sK ceho M[e p'bk, jwkok fenk< jZ;e/ p'b/-nfrnks w{ofs

jwkoh T[sorh, T[E/ sfp s[;hI Gh sg ek cb G'r bDk . ceho
p'bk,ªGtib s/ pukt' .G'r[ o'r[, ;Zu jZe[ .« wkbe p'b/, ;kJhI ih gok
s'b/, fJ;/ soQK GkDk jrk .
j[ew nzdfo ;G[ e' pkjfo j[ew B e'fJ ..
sb shthI T[go wod . d'B' do uFw dhdz c;b .
sK ceho y[Fh j'fJ efo T[fm rfJnk .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .69.
70
J/e p/o r[o{ ih uwe"o ftu E/, ;zrs i[Vh ekpbh,ezXkoh f;Zy jZE
i'V/, ih e[S fwb n;kB{z, puB j{nk,ªmfjo' XB d/tKr/, wotktKr/ .«sK
f;Zy u[g j'fJ vo rJ/, fgS'I p'b/ XzX/ dk j[ew ns/ ihtD dh y[Fh pyF' .
sK puB[ j'fJnk
roi/ w/xb y[Fh eo ib b/fJ B y/s .
ukfsqe u[gek j'fJ ojk fenk pkdb j/s .
uzdB goT[geko fjs, pB oj ;[u/s .
rzrk gkgK d{o fjs, fenk BQfJ nu/s .
r[o{ fpukok fenk eo f;Zy cf;nk J/s .1.
whmk d/t/ pkb B{z T[j wKr o/s[ .
xVk bi[ jfE y;w[ d/ fenk e{g B d/s .
pkg wkfJ fjs fenk eo ;{s d/fJ Bk G/s .
b/gBjko/ d'F fenk Ghs frodh o/s .
nNek ib[ sK pzXhJ/ iK pzXB e/s .
XB tfvnkJh d/fj fe; yo X{Vh b/s .
GkV ftukok ;hs feT[I iK M[bek d/s .
XzX nNe f;Zy ;[fD gotko ;w/s .2.
ekohro[ yksh 1 fenk eo/ dko2 BjhI y/s .
Bdh pko feT[I ghthJ/ i[ e[Dhnk3 Bk b/s .

ykDk ehe{z gZeDk i' nZr B fBe/sk4.
fpBk ;wI s/ p[fX Bfj fenk jm ek j/s .
wB jh uZe x[wko ek xfV GKv/ d/s .
w{zj ek nkyDk oh; j fco wB BjhI u/s .
gfjbK wzr ;zrshI r[o d/D wj/s .
eow[ eVkek jkE ek w[j wko ;/s .
jT[ pko pko pfbjkoD fij wow B B/fs .3.
GkJh f;Zy' \ jw efjnk,ªmfjo' \«
noE L fJj wB mfjokt' . w[efs XB ;fsr[o{ d/Dr/ . ªwotktKr/«
noE-iBw eZNKr/, s;K xfo dk XzXk jh ukfjnk, ni/ eow F/F ofjzdk
j,sK ph ;z;k BjhI . p/o j, T[sktb[ Bk eo', gou' Fpd ;kE, jfoehosB
dhnk, s[jkvk f;de skork . j[ew j{nk, ;[u/s ofjDk n;hI ph Bdh 5 B
T[so/ .
okwdk; ;o ;zrshI BQkt ;G fB .
S/ i'iB r[o{ Bro t; jw[ nktI fws .
pm/ d[bhu/ uwo Y[b f;Zy doFB fus .
f;zzzx bky gzi J/em/ ri pk} ;w/s .
b{N fgnkoh w/fonK xo XB ek y/s .
;G ;zrs B{z w/b b e' eo B S/s .
gfjbK nkt T[d f;zx fcsekoh 6 c/s .
GkDk wzfBnk ;h; go ihtB j[fJ i/s .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .70.
71
J/e p/o r[o{ ih e/ ;okX j{n . gzvs, gKX/, pKwQD J/em/ ehJ/,;okX
dh Xow FKfs eoh . w'jo[ eh dZyDk d/ eo j}oK rT{, x'Vk, rfjD
}BkB/ wodkB/ dhJ/ . fsnko eok sK Bzdokw gzvs efjnk, ;okX
ngVdk BjhI fsoK B' . r[o{ ih Fk;sq ;zpkd eotkfJn, wb wk; ek
fBy/X ehnk, gZS F[ZX ek fBoB ehnk . GkJh f;Zy' \ fJj ;G ek fBoDk
g{Sk r[o{ ih, fBotkd ej' . sK Fk;sqh p'b/, ;okX d[gfjohI ns/ oks B{z

fBwzsqD . ;okX fBT[Isk nzr jhB, e[b jhB, gqshrqkjhI1 wjKdkB .
SkfJnk w{ofs s[bk fwqse ;{se, G'rh, goBkoh, ofs, u'o Sbh d{s,
ysqh eow s[bk Xo, tde XB G'rh, rfDe, XBh, rqjD t;s rqkjh
ni, n;P, ri nzs/ nt;Ek ek dkB-rqkjh iB/T{ T[skfonk sK eow
fGqFNh, n;[uh 2 ;op nzB G'rsk, gkfDrqfjDh ftnkfj ek bkr bD
tkbk,gokfJnk ig efoe w[rb eh dZyDk bD tkbk . Xow X[ih, ;okX
ek fsnkrh, ozvk, rzvk,w[zfvs, iNb pqjw frnkBh, ;zfBnk;h, fpgq,
pro gfVQnk, ysqh, tF, F{do, fJ;sqh fpGukoh petkdh nwbh, fpgo
j'fJe oes Bhb p;sqXkoh wb/S,nzso ek b/D/ tkbk, ;okX w/I fBT[Isk3
yNgdh ek ykt-sK fgso ]kbh o'Id/ ;okg d/Id/ ub/ iKd/ jB . r[o{ ih ;G
b'eK B{z p'b/-Fk;sq fpfX do jrh, e'Jh fpobk Jh gkso jrk . T[Xko
fgsqK dk nfsEtK shoEK d/ ;okX efo j'Idk j . r[o{ ih g[fSnk, ;{se
rqjD fpfX fenk fbyh j < d/toki gzvs fjwKdqh Xow Fk;s ;[DkfJnk,
wjhB/ ek g[okD . ;' ;kB{z f;Zy' \ efjDk u[e frnk, e[S efjD dk gq:'iB
ph BjhI . sK ;kfjp f;zx g[fSnk fbykoh d;ys fBoDk E'Vk ph ;fsr[o{
gk;ek ;[DkJhJ/, Gbk f;Zy feE/ g[SD . sK p'b/ tke r[o{ ih gksFkjh
d;thI L
pqjwD d; fdB ;{seh, wksk d{Dh wkB .
Ssqh pkoK tF fJe gKu, F{do sh; gfjukB .1.
r' d; pkoK wjK ek d{X d/t Bfj G'r .
;okX eohJ/ iZr Bfj ykts Gt ek o'r[ .2.
;{se ihs/ gkseh gkse eN Bk ;{s .
nrfB eN d'B' ;[yh fpgq nrfB wI e{s .3.
;{se gkse rJ/ fpB dkB d/fJ fdi b/fJ .
pkBo rqkjh dksk Boe[, wkB[y d/j Bk ;/fJ .4.
rqfjD fynkJh nFNek o'rh d/t fsnkr .
nzs dkB no fwqse feqnk eo ;{seh okr .5.
shoE ikt ;okX fpX n"oB efoj dkB .
okyF j'fJ uzvkb xfo G'r dhnk nkB .6.
rqjD nkd rzrk ;fbb g[so iBw ip j'fJ .
ftnkj ;w Bzdh eo d/y ;zeN X'fJ .7.

nkgd fpgd fpd/F wI nD;[D d'y B e'fJ .
;[X fpgq eowB eo ntfo d'y ;G j'fJ .8.
b'Gh fpgq gkseh b'Gh ;ke no f;Zy .
Boe G'r fgFku j'fJ fJjh p/d efj fofy .9.
w/ok f;Zy ;G ikfs ek gzdoK fdB eh wkB .
fgqs fdt; gZS J/e efo ;' ww fBeN ikB .10.
Gbk pj[s nDgVQ iBk, tk frnkBh fBob'G .
gfVQnk gkgh Bkoeh ;' b'Gh pj[ y'G .11.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .71.
72
J/e p/o r[o{ fFeko y/bD nkJ/ sK ;kX doFB B{z nkJ/ E/ . dZyD d/;
ek J/e Fkj T[iB dk pkDhnk ;[De/ doFB B{z nkfJnk, pFB' Ek . pkbe
fJ;soh tkbk, nZr/ r[o{ ih fFeko y/b e/ nkJ/ E/, fwqr gzSh wkfo nkD/ .
pk} B{z uyh1 d/Id/ E/ sK nkfJ gj[zu/, d/ye/ fefonk ebfgnk2,GtBk fco
rJh . e;/ r[o{ jB, dfJnk feTI[ fsnkrh < sK wB ftu ftuko brk
eoB . sK r[o{ ih p'fb ;[DkfJnk f;ZyK B{z, fJj ikBto u'o EK, pk} J/j[
okik Ek, ;jz;q iBw phsk j, jw sg;h E/, okik nkr w[eok . okik ;"Ij
fdtkJh, M{mh ;"Ij eoh sg;h eh, T[j pdbk fdtkfJnk n;K, okik f;Zy
Ek jwkok, gqshs eoh Eh oki/ B/ . GkJh f;Zy' \ i/ e'Jh M{mh ;j[z eodk j,
;' ;jz;q e'N iBw gktrk,Boe G'rrk . ;' j[D J/; ek T[XZko j'fJrk .
w/ok f;Zy BjhI, u'o j r[o{ rk, i/jvk ;"Ij r[o{ eh eork .
;"Ij Bk eohJ/ ;ku go M{mk fNe' Bk gKfJ .
;kuk i'Bh go G[r M{mk e;k EKfJ .
GkJh pdbk d/t gkg ek r[o{ e/ }kwB j'J/ sK Gh gkg Gkrh j{nk
f;Zy' \ gq;kd G'r d/j ek, eow go wzdk B eohJ/ . fJj efjs/ E/ sK
gq;kd ek Ekb nkfJnk . puB j[{nk J/; f;Zy B{z Gh ;[X u"Ie/ ftu Sekt' .
sK f;Zyy ftukfonk ;h gq;kd d/ye/ i' r[o{ e/ d/D BjhI wB{z, sK r[o{ ih
ek puB ;[De/ e[S FKs gqshfs nkJh . sK f;Zy ikfJe gq;kd Sfenk .
oks ;[Zsk ns/ wB ftu ftukok-i' gKu ;" o[gJhnk nkDk, w/o/ pkg B/ e;/

[o{ wk;kjkoh ehJ/ . Fk;sq eh ohfs fjz;k, go Bkoh, i{nk, wdok
fsnkrD, Xow ;kX ek . ;' r[o{ eh ohfs jw BjhI ikDh . gqGks ubhJ/, f;Zyh pFB' eh
b/t/Ir/ . Gbh jrh. oks frDh wB ftu . w/ok pkg f;Zy r[o{ ek, ;" o[gJhnk T[; ek,
gzi ;" w/ok ;jz;q j'o d/Idk go feqnktkB r[o{ Bk fwfbnk . ;t/o/ j'Jh r[o{ nZr/ wZEk
N/fenk sK p'sbK d' wzrtkJhnK. T[j f;Zy ph pmk Ek ;fjiXkoh jfor[gkb sK r[o{ ih
p'b/ f;Zy' \ ;p ;[nkfd wB e/ . f;Zy p'b/ ih gkfsFkj \ ihG e/, feB B efjnk eow e/,
e'Jh ej/ ihG e/, e'Jh ej/ ;[Gkt e/, e'Jh ej/ d/j ek Xow jrk . sK f;Zy pkDhnk
p'bk, f;de jrk fJ; iht ek . sK ;[De/ p'b/, f;Zyk \ fp;zGodk; s/ok pkg pvk ;kvk
f;deh f;Zy, T[; B' s[X fJTI[ efjDk . i' r[o{ ih ek j[ew Gkt ek, s/o/ gk;, ;' bfJn
n;K . sK T[j p'fbnk, ih wI ;wfMnk BjhI . ;wMkt', wI Gh f;Zy jK s[jkvk \ puB jZ;
e/ p'b/, GkJh \ s[{z pFB' ek ;/te, jwkok ep j{nk . feqnk tkbk Y{zv s' ;jh no[ ;B/jk
;wMrk s/ok pkg. sK T[mdk uoBhI gV,ªoZy[ b/t'I ;Zu/ r[o{ \ Bk S'v' w/ok wB w{oy, wI
BjhI ikDh .«puB j{nk, r[o{ e/ joy dPy ofjs GkJh, T[go m'ee/ ghm p'b/-pyFk s{z
nkg . fJ;h soK wjhBk ofjnk, ubdh p/o r[o{ ih gq;kd fdsk . xo ph b/ ikthI, ykthI
ph, sK puB j{nk eVk ;opb'j ek s'b/ uko ek pyFk . g{iDk, r[o{ GktBh g{oh
eo/rk . b/ eo ftdk j{nk .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .72.
73
sK pDhnk f;Zy ubk wB ftu efjzdk jrk .S/ ;" eh G/N dJh r[o{ ih
pyFh; dhnk eVkj[ ns/ puB GkfJ ek . ubdk j{nk uwe"o nkfJnk
sjK ;'udk ikt . okjhI fXnkB f;zzx wkiohnk fwbk . g[Sdk j{nk s{z e"D
jI < f;Zyk \ feE'I s/ nkfJnk jI ns/ gq;kfd dk t/bk j gq;kfd ykJh ikthI .
sK f;Zy p'fbnk ªf;y jK r[o{ ek,doFB eoB nkfJnk Ek \ pDhnk jK
T[iB dk . go f;Zyk \ G/N fdsh go y[F B j'fJnk . feqnk g;zd B nkJh
ns/ r[o{ ih dhnk e[S Bkjh . f;Zy g[fSnk puB ehsk . p'fbnk, pkg w/o/
B{z GkfJ ek puB fdsk . o[gJhnk S/ ;" G/Nk dJh .god/; nkfJnk pkg dk
G/fink . sK f;Zy efjnk, ws gS[skfJ, f;Zy GkJh jI, s{z xo ub . xo b/
ubk . ikfJ gj[zu/ f;y e/ xfo . f;ZyDh f;Zy B pvh Nfjb eoh, G'iB

efonk ykfJnk oks B{z , ;[Zsk ;[y Bkb . fGnkB1 GkJh ubD brk . f;Zy
efjnk, GJh f;Zyk \ s/oh wo}h j't sK puB d/fJ ikfJ ns/ S/ ;" o[gJhnk b ikfJ .
GkJh \ r[oK ek tke j L
f;Zy f;Zy ek ;fs tDi f;Zy f;Zy ek GkfJ .
drk f;Zy ww Bk eo gkDh nzB[ G[rkfJ .
i/ gqshs r[[o tke go sK s{z b/ xfo ikfJ .
i/ s{z G[yk dkw ek sK b/ xfo gkfJ .
f;y pkDhnk p'bk,ªjw gqshfs j dkw eh i' jw e' d/ d/fJ.« puB
dhnk s{ dkw d/ ;kY/ gzi fdtkfJ . sK f;Zy T[fmnk dkw xo ek rfjDk
i[ Ek f}whB, shthI e[Nzp ;ko/ rfjD/ froth Xo/ ns/ dhJ/ dkw S/ ;T[,
gKu T[s/ fpnki e/ . pkDhnK y[Fh j{nk, wB ftu nky ªw{oy f;Zy jkok .
wI ihsk pk}h .« MbKx2 ubk .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .73.
74
f;Zy ube/ rfJnk o;s/ wKM, eVkj brk y'bQe/ d/yD . T[;e' g'N3
pKXe/ dJh Eh .
iK t/y f;Zy y[bQkfJe i' eVkj ;' wk;[ .
d/ys jh bZik eoh. Xoh pKX rzm sk; .1.
fgsk nkgD/ go fyMk Gbk pskfJnk d/t .
wk; ykfJ s/ Xow[ ikfJ fenk ehBk ;fs ;/t .2.
tDi eok sjK gzE wI xfo wI iksh p/o .
J/e[ j}ko e/ Br bhJ/ gzB/ w'sh j/o .3.
ikfJ gj[zuk Bro fYr[ gkbh4 t/u/ osB .
shB j}ko eh iwQk efo fgsk fdykJh isB .4.
fwbk fgsk f;T[I fJT[I ejk ;[B' fgsk s' nXhB .
;fsr[o{ w'fj pskJhn fiT[I gfsnkok ehB .5.
dhBh G/N feqgkb eh b/ brkts ;h; .
y[bQh rKm s' wk; s/ ;PS eVkj EhJh;[ .6.

ykfJU pKfNU ;[s fBoy nuoi pkg efj dhB[ .
wk;[ fdyk T{jK BtK ge fJj[ e;/ fpfX uhB .7.
fgsk X[Be f;o fJT[I ejk ;[B ;[s g{oB ;ku .
s'e' G/ik bkG fjs, s{ b/ nkfJnk eku .8.
Gbh Bk ehBh ;[s efj:' d/yk gouk BB .
jhnk wbB gqshfs Bfj fenk eohr[ r[o[ pm .9.
fgsk fBefN efo i'o e wksk efjs fo;ks .
wksk fgsk ;w ;ku r[o ;[BhU pB ;[jks .10.
w/oh y[Fh B eS[ GJh i' ukj' ;' j'fJ .
G/N fcoh wr puB GkfJ p/u fpjkik ;'fJ .11.
shB j}ko s/ ;G ;o puB B nkt ekw[ .
s[w G'b/ ww e' gZek w/oh p[fX ;[ okw .12.
fgsk ej:' ;[D g[sq s{z ;fsr[o{ g{oB w'fj .
s/oh p[fX T[sktbh wfs r[o[ fBzdk j'fj .13.
jw s[w ;fsr[o uoB br s{z gktI fp;okw .14.
XB[ M{mk fJj[ ikBhU wfs b'Gh s{z j'fJ .
uko[ fdt;[ ihtB[[ pBk efjnk w'o ;w'fJ .15.
g[sq B p'bk Gkt Bfj wB wI mfjoB Bkfj.
pDhnk s{FBh j' ofjnk nkgfs p{Mhnkfj .16.
;'uk nfXe sp pkDhnk xoBh i[s fpybkfJ .
g[sq brk T[m tDi e' fdB fdB pYsh wkfJ .17.
d; j}ko ewkfJe c{bk wB nfGwkB .
brk yhB XB j'B sp gok fgsk gr nkB .18.
;zr bhJ/ xfo b'r[ ;fG nk:k ;fsr[o[ ;oB[ .
wkor gqG e' f;wo e nkfJnk G Xfo uoB .19.
fXnkB f;zx wkiohJ/ d/ xo nkfJnk g[sq ;D fp;zGo[ dk; fwbk .
pvh Grsh eoh . gq;kfd eoe oks B{z r[o-uouk ubkJh L
pkDhnk, p'fbnk, fXnkB f;zx \ s{z w/ok r[o-Gqks .
bhBk puB[ ww[ g[so s/ xfo j{nk ftfynks .20.
np w/oh rfs feTI[ j't ;fsr[o[ j'fJ fdnkb[ .
;' T[gkt ;t jkE fws w' gfo j'j[ y[Fkb[ .21.

j'Jh gqks ;p ;zfr fwfb ub/ fwbB[ r[o ;oB .
uoB br/ ;fsr[o j;/ feqgktkB[ d[y joB[ .22.
T[so/ G'iB GkfJ ;[y ojs GJ/ fdB[ shB .
g[sq ;zr efo i'fo f;Zy pyFkt ;[s GhB .23.
phi Gbk g{oB gqG{ fpqy vkb BjhI ;{X .
feqgk j'fJ ;{Xk eo' ekwh feqgD jw w{Y .24.
jf; p'b/ ihtB rsh d/yD g[oy nb/y .
r[o BkBe s[wo/ rJ/ f;ZXB fwb efo G/y .25.
BkB{z s[wok fgsk fgs, Gbh ewkJh ehB[ .
sp g{Sk ip r[o ub/ g{fSnk ukj' JhB[ .26.
jf; p'b/ ;fsr[o gqG{ d;tK jwok d/j .
s[w gbN'r/ d/j e' s" g{S' ;zd/j .27.
g{s fgnko/ puB[ XB Xok nwkBh s'o .
BkB' s[w jw[ r[o{ s'fj fwb/ fwbj[ pu w'o .28.
jwok GkDk fwbB ek s/ok g[Zso fpd'y .
fjod gq/ok sp jw np g{Sj[ pj[ x'y .29.
sp ww ;[Ds/ f;Zy B g{Sk puB[ fp;kb .
fXnkB f;zx eh tDi rfs GJh ;zgdk ;kb .30.
XB gkfJnk G{wh rvk nkfJ g{fSnk w'j .
puB bhnk pDhJ/ dhnk, s[woh t;s[ j ;'j[ .31.
s[wok f;de sp jw[ ejk ykt' you nkg o/b[ .
ijK B/s[ sjK w/xbk rois BG wr e/b .32.
;' s{ gq/wh J/e ;w g[so pkDhnk iks .
nfp ;/tk eh GktBk ;fsr[o eojh gqks .33.
g{S f;Zy fenk ukjhJ/ s{z fBowb[ jw gkd .
dZSD fdF n;k s{z jh ntfo B d{ik :kd .34.
fpFzGo g{Sk j/s efo xfo dfodq j'fJ d[{o .
ghS/ s/ gqG ih g{S' wwsk eoj' u{o[ .35.
sp ;fsr[o[ j;e ejk xfo ikfJn iK f;Zy .
eo eVkj gq;kfd e" gfVQ nBzd s fby .36.
Ye eVkjk ig[ gVQ f;yB gKuB d/fJ .

gzu r[o[ e/ Gkr d/ efo nodkf; ek G/fJ .37.
nodkf; ofjs i' ikBhJ/ fenk eoj sp wzs .
ig[ gq:'r no f;ZXsk ;G nodk; f;X ;zs .38.
f;Zy tDi[ eo[ Xow ek ;fsr[o d/t bkG .
p'b[ p[bktI ;zrshI, d/ eVkj eh ;kG .39.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .74.
75
sK p'bk f;Zy r[o{ ih d/; jwkok efmB .1.
;Gnodk; ek G/d efj fiT[I f;yB ;[y ;dB 1 .2.
;fsr[o p'b/ f;Zy ;[B, eo' eVkj gq;kfd .3.
Bk j' nkt f;Zy s r[V dkDk cb nkfd .4.
;[u gftsq ;[G fdt;[ wI ;zs ;kX w[y ikg .5.
Bkw gqskg s/ eki ;o ;[fD nodk; ebkg .6.
Xow[ phi nyzv fpqX ;cb[ g{i fJs shB .7.
eFN[ jko p/bh cb r[o g{ie f;X ;hB .8.
nkm/ G/i/ ghB G[r t;sq wI r[F/F dhB .9.
ytkt pkbe s[FfN g[FfN d;thI eo nodk; .10.
shB roG eh gq;{seh doFB r[o xfo ok; .11.
pmB wI gq;kfd wI gjofB wI j'fJ o'r[ .12.
y/bB wI iht w/b efj fFyo wI ejhn no'r .13.
gVQ' s' o;Bk u/s r[o gkj[b wI r[o xfo w/b .14.
d[;fN Gki f;Zy rki gzdqthI F;sq Xko ;/b .15.
pk}h ghm f;zx nub w/b[ .16.
fwqr d[FN w/b j[fJ F;sq g/b .17.
st gq;kd d[y d{o ;[y nkfd .18.
nkr ek ;zi'r, tX ek:k, xN ;'r .19.
fwb wzs, ;fsr[o wjzs .20.

j[fJ eki g{o, ;fsr[o j}{o .21.
r[o w/bh dk;h, gkJhJ/ ;[y gqrk;h .22.
okyk w/ok f;de, g{oh r[o Grfs .23.
u'oh ek nzXk, r[o{ oky/ xfo XzXk .24.
okik ek fwbkg, ;jkJh r[o nkg .25.
;fsr[o gkt w//////xm d[ofGy t/w[y rjh B w/y .26.
Xow ek vzv, sBykjh pyFhnk d{yB fpjzv .27.
wkor eh G{b, pyFk r[o{ ub{b .28.
u{e ;p ikfJ, fgsqB ;[y GkfJ .29.
wB F/o t/;, ;fsr[o pyF .30.
ejh r[o{ nodk;[ sh;[, ;[B f;Zy fus bkfJ .
dy{ G{y ;roh No ;fsr[o[ g{oh gkfJ .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .75.
76
ej f;Zy ªuoBh brk« ;fsr[o ejI j[b;kfJ L
ªi'Vh nub po Bkfo eh« ej{z f;Zy ;wMkfJ .31.
jhb Bk; p/jkb pB nzB gE gu ikfJ .32.
d[FN yg ;kfJnk Gr go Fjhdh XkfJ .33.
;'t u"sh;[ ykXh ;[ fJj[ nodk; efo b/fJ .
gIsh r[o g;kok eo tX gF{ eh t/fJ .
SZsh nodk; j'fJ GktBk nzsq Gkt cbdkfJe/; .
;Ish t/b pkr cb, ncb ;cb[ tfj F/F .
nmZsh wBw[y T[m ;Bw[y M[e Bt r/j nozG .
gqt/F T[Dskbh nub[ f;zx t;s[ n;zG .
y/vh ukbh, wksk e/ nwkB tkX/ ek n;kB .
fJeskbh e{nk nyzv pqjwzv .
pnkbh tzv/ foX fpqX ;fsr[o f;X .

fsqskbh ;fsr[o N/e oky, fdykt f;de ;ky .
u"skbh r[gs ekw nzsqikwh ;cb[ ikB[ .
gIskbh xfo pko Jhs T{s }kfjo gqd/; ikt .
fSnkbh xfo c{N w xfo ;b fpjkb[ Grs fgqsgkb .
;Iskbh y}kB/ nkeoy[ N/e okyk s{z J/e .
nmskbh o'r i[o/ . ;fsr[o FKs, f;Zy e' nkBk oks .
T{Bzit nodk; fwb ftSo/ e' .
nkt ro{ }kbw, ikB/ ir nkbw[ .49.
gzuk;t Sfbe Fkdh eh y[bQk dopko fJSk fpjko[ .50.
pk} izr r[o pyFh n;zr .51.
r[o dhBk rD/; . ;[cb ekw wkB nkd/; .52.
s'qgfB fos{ EzG wI dohnkT[ .
EzG gqtkj wB[ n;kj[ .53.
n;[Bh e[wko fjodk ;[y ;ko .54.
ftnkj eh feos wI . nozG st feqgkb f;Zy e' fBjkb .55.
pzXB wI nzX j{nk, fto'X f;Zy e' ;'X .56.
w'jBh wI d/ys y[;kb[, f;Zy ekoi[ ;wkb[ .57.
ehosB[ ;fsr[o'I ek T[uko, Bkw cb[ ;[D j' nXko .58.
fpxB jNkt Fjhd f;zx T[wv . fto'Xh o[e ftjzv1 .59.
;kX fwbB wI wB j't nXhB . ;zs w/b cb ghB .60.
;km nodk;K wzrbh, dhBh fp;zGo f;Zy .
s/ok Gkt i;k cbk, n;k f;Zy B fdy .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .76.
77
61 fJe;m/ wB ;kb1 j[fJ w/ok . s[w oky' ir M/ok .
62 pK;m/ r[o gd fp;qKw . mfjo ww fXnkB[ .
63 sq;m/ so[D eh soBkfJ2 .
64 ukeo XkoB/ wB wD g{ok fdB oD .
65 nwkB ;ukfJ ;fsr[o[ ;jkfJ .
66 nwb ;[bdkfJ sB ;[y SkfJ .

67 w'jfo r[o{ eo/ ;/ mfjo w'dhykB/ .
68 w[by wkbe[ ;[y ek skbe[ fdtkB wI .
69 f;de ;kps Gkt nkrfs fXnkB wI .
70 nrfB ;{o tg[ w'ok, g[oFst bVkJh wI .
71 ;[y ;km fdB oD nkm fBs Bw .
72 gkb'I eh gkb f;Zy ;dk ;[ykb .
73 gkg g/ soe s/b ghVB wI .
74 poB ek nkrw ns[b ib okrw .
75 f;o w[efN eh bki fpod st ;kb .
f;Zy ;yk ;[s f;Zy ;w f;Zy jwkok fXnkB .
;/t f;Zy fBi o{g e" f;Zy ;[yK eh ykB .
;[B' fp;zGo e"vhnK fBs r[o{ fjs gKu .
XB[ j't pyFf; ;eb ;[y[ ;zgfd ofs oku .
w/o' f;y:k ikB e Bo Bkoh jhfJ u/fs .
pkDh r[o ;[o eh ofjs, ofjBh oj' ;[u/s .
ikw BQkJhJ/ Bkw[ fXnkJhJ/ xfo eh ehi eko .
E'Vk p'b ;ku o'b fJe wfB ;zeN jko .
wB ek wkoB ;[rw j, sB e' pKX' nkfd .
;[X fpjkoh eko r[o d/y[ S'vhJ/ pkfd .
wkb bkb no[ ;kb wI bky ukbtk ukb .
f;de r[o{ ek nfB fYr fJjh f;Zy ek ;tkb .
nIvk eIvk pBVk ezfBnk p[ok wBkfJ .
p/w[y fJB ;'I pu oj' c{b ;zgd nkfJ .
Bkoh eh wkB BjhI pkb B eoBk whs .
v'b/ Bfj wfB i[ZX wI fBod[y eoBh ohs .
f;Zy ehnk sp jfor[gkb uoB gkfjbh d/fJ .
;fsr[o g{oB tke ;[fD, f;Zy ejrk ;/fJ .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .77.

78
i/ B f;Zy pkjb j[fJ jP Bk f;deh w/b .
e;/ gkfjb uoB eh f;Zy psktj[ y/b .1.
;fsr[o p'fb ;[BkfJnk ;[B' fp;zGo ohfs .
puB fpFtk;h j'tBk w' gd oky' gqhs .2.
d; ntsko r[o J/e ;w fJT[I ikB fiTI[ w/o[ .
J/ekd; r[o rqzE ih pkDh ;fsr[o j/o .3.
X'fJ o[wkb sp r[o{ rqzE gkfjb b/t d/fJ .
f;de ;wkb eo eVkj pKfN nfEsh b/fJ .4.
Bkw[ Xo ;fsr[o ej s[e frnkot/I 1 wkB .
g[sq f;o' nZyo Xo/ g[fB g[fB Xo' ;[ikB .5.
nk; r[o{ eh wzsq f;Zy eki ;z;koh ehB .
p'b rohph f;Zy efo ezfBnk d/fJ w;ehB .6.
ir S'v yzv/ uoB gkfjb f;ZyK ;ko .
gkfjb yzv/ j'fJ fizj uoB B gkfjb Xko .7.
uoB gkfjbh yzv/ dhJ/ f;Zy ek Bksk wkB .
ijK B j't sjK eo j[t s' ngBh FkB .8.
T[FN dzs 2 wI G/d Bfj G/d B fgsk no ;[tB .3.
fsT[I f;fynk eh J/esk gkj[b G/d B stB .9.
pv' bx{ e' G/d Bfj f;fynk b/t f;Zy .
poB ikfs e' d{o Xo n;k f;Zy ;[ bZy .10.
d/t b/t gqhfs efo efo ykt eo} fdtkfJ .
f;Zyh gd i/ drk eo m"o B esj{z gkfJ .11.
Bkw eh gqhs Bkw ig[ Bkw[ ow ftu gqkD .
Bkw T[gd//; Bkw[ ;[y[, ;yk ;ku[bk Bkw .12.
ihtB iKek Xow fjs[ ubBk r[o eh ohfs .
G'iB skek d/j fjs oj pokrh whs .13.
fiT[I okjh god/; ikfJ fBs wkor eh nk; .
fsT[I nksw fjs[ nkuo1 ojhJ/ fus T[dk; .14.

;[B' f;Zy \ fus bkfJe ubB/ e/oh gqhfs .
w'fj s'fj ;G ubIr ubB eh fJj[ ohfs .15.
fJj pokr fjs ejD j Bk nktB B ikfJ .
ngBh tkFBk nkg wI ;w ;[gB/ fwb/ dkfJ .16.
nkfd nzfs fiT[I BhId w nksw ikB' GkfJz .
fJjh i'r eh ohs j ;' s[fj ejh pBkfJ .17.
gKu nodk;K i'r eh ;'jz jz;k j/s .
e[zvbh gqkD ngkB e' ;fsr[o oky u/s .18.
nBjfd T[m M[fBeko ;fsr[o Bkw[ fusko .
r[j: fXnkB r[o fynkB e' u"Eh2 bhi Xko .19.
uko gdkoE jkE r[o gzithI fJj nodk; .
g{oB g{oh gkfJr' S/thI Sdw goekF .20.
;ZsthI ;oBh nkfJ go ;fsr[o{ g{oh XkfJ .
nZmthI wkbk S'ohJ/ ;fs ;tk; fXnkfJ .21.
BkthI fBs r[o ;/tB/ Boe fBtkoB i'r .
d;thI drX B j'JhJ/ FKfs E'o wI j'r[ .22.
f;Zyk \ Gow B ehihJ/ p[fX okyhJ/ m"o .
okyk ;fsr[o f;Zy ek fiT[I nuko fjs[ s"o .23.
pkbh3 fpjkfJ r[o{ fYr s/o/ r[[o{ fBpkj[ .
puB wkB fjs gzdqthI dhBk ;fsr[o okj[ .24.
wkB d/fJ e[b eh oj pB ;pzXh ;zs .
fpqfs fBG fEfs ;[ZX, fJjh y{p febezs .25.
s/JhthI sorF r[o{ ek u"th eNkoh f;fX .
gzMhthI gfs f;T[I r[o{ xo, SZph r[o fYr fpqX .26.
J/e ;" nodk; efo ;" po;h e/ d'y .
r[o{ rtKt f;Zy e/ gkt r[o gd w'y .27.
ip T[so sp f;Zy xfo d;tzXh rfs gkfJ .
;' nodk;hnk i'r j sKe g{i/ gkfJ .28.
f;Zy ;[yh ;[ j'fJrk ;" nodk; eokfJ .
;fsr[o gfj d;tzX d/ f;Zyh i[rfs ojkfJ .29.

Bkoh goXB S've fBjuk r[o gr ;oB .
pkDh ;fsr[o eh gVQ ekN iBw no[ woB .30.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .78.
79
.10.
GZdo Bkw f;Zy feTI[ eo . w{J/ pzX[ feTI[ o'dB Xo .
p[o' eow s/ nkg pukfJ . ;rb e[Nzp[ F[G wkor gkfJ .1.
cb B p/uh nzB pgko . fsqD ek;fN nfo ukw fBtko .
eo} B d/Jh Bhu uzvkb . t/Ftk Bkoh foB Bkfj ;kb .2.
ekj{z ;'I Mrok Bfj wKv' . ngBh ofjs w{b Bfj Skv' .
d[oiB ;/sh gqhfs B eo' . fjod o'; ekw gojo' .3.
u"wkor wI pm/ Bkfj . N{Nk pk;B wzih bkfj .
T{oX ;tk; X'fJ nkXk gkfJ . dKsB ;' By d/s o/skfJ .4.
ykts p/o j; pepkfd . G'iB ghS g/N i' Ekfg .
o't j; B epj{z r[o nkr . bywh Bk; dfoZdq gkr/ .5.
wr wfj ;B okfj wI G'i . wb w{sq Bfj wr wI o'} .
rkfJ fpgq e' gKfJ B S[t . nzB G[rsB eh fBzd B G[t .6.
oj fJeKfs pm efo fXnkBk . fjod rB B fustB BkBQk .
gkwo Bkoh go eh p[oh . okid{s eh wsqh S[oh .7.
;eb okfs ikrs BjhI oj . wE[B nfXe p/o Bfj efoj .
f;Eb d{s nBfGnk;h f;Zy . ekuk ;Pek fsnkoh nkfwy .8.
go eh owsh Bkoh S'o . i" ngBh fJzdqh j m"o .
dzG Bk;fs eh ws;fo si . n;{nk 1 fBzdk, fus B Gi .9.
yr so[to 1 ir pk; fBjko . ofB fdBk fBi ssP fpuko .
j'fJ ftokr irs e" n;kok . d/j gqkD r[D nksw fBnkok
;[B efo Fk;sq rop rtkJ/ . ekj{z t;s[ ;' B/j[ B ukj .
Xhoi f;TI[ fptjko xNkt . ;fji ;fji ;G ;/ fSNekt .11.
dh; e[Xh 2 ;[wfs ek p'Xe . gqkD ngkB eh rfs ek ;'Xe .

pvh p/o G'iB Bfj ykfJ . wkB pvkJh ngBh Bkfj .12.
e[;s e[ G'iB ;PBkoh F'Gk . fJB eT[ si wkB ngG'rk .
yb eh wb eh BN eh gzrfs . g[sq gYkt ;kX{ ;zrfs .13.
d/t GtB wI fuo BjhI oj . eoBh G/d ekj{z Bfj ej .
;wsk fpofs ;pB e' j/o . fBnkfJ ;wI eS[ gZS 3 B N/o .14.
;{Xk njko fpT[jko nfs ;{Xk . eosk f;Zy xo XB Bfj o{Xk .15.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .79.
80
.5.
d'jok
fXnkB f;zx r[oFpd go dhBk ;fG xfo p/u .
gk; jh pmk g{fSnk, ªej[ f;Zyk \ s{z u/s .1.
fXnkB f;zx r[o j[ew i' p'bk puB o;kb .
w/oh f;yh fdqVQ GJh, ;fsr[o{ j{nk feqgkb .2.
iK fdB ;"dk jw ehnk ;[BhJ/ gqG{ d:kb .
jfor[gkb p/us GfJnk w' e' eok fBjkb .3.
u"gJh
;ks fdBk fdB ghS wjh . y/s i[st e/ ekoB ;jh .
jb ;hyh 4 B dhnk y}kBk . fpb; joy j[fJ wB mfjokBk .4.
xo w nkfJ eVkfj r[o dhBk . G'iB fpgq nfGnkrfs uhBk .
r[o eh d;thI r[o frqfj nkDh . r[o ;Bw[y XB dhB ftvkDh
s[woh t;s[ ej'I ;'T{ eoK .ªs[w r[o« ngBh o;B T[uoK .
s[wok ;"dk Bcak fJj nktk . r[o d;tzX s[fj dhB uVQktk .6.
w;se N/e rfJnk wI sp jh . T[fus eow sp XB ;'I eoJh .
j{nk Gbk fJj[ f;Zy j ;Bw[y . s[wo/ uoBB nk:k r[ow[y .7.
u{e w{e f;Zy o[e d{y ftFB EkB s[fj bhB .
frok gok ;Bw[y yok, Bk N{NK Bk jhB .8.

;fjikXkohnk nkfd f;Zy r[o BkBe eh Skg .
yzv/ gkj[b ;ko fus s[oeB f;zxh Ekg .9.
nkfJ f;Zy s{z f;de jd w' ;' pYsh j/s[ .
wI f;Zy sEk pkg ek s{z f;Zy s[w fBe/s .10.
sp ;fsr[o j; p'fb ej[ fXnkB f;zx eS[ wKr .
f;de p'b ek f;Zy s{z ;fsr[o ek s{z nKr .11.
wKrk to sp fXnkB f;zx fuzsk w' wfB wKM .
s[wo/ nkr pyfFnk ghS GkDk ;KM .12.
feTI[ j'trk f;de fdqVQ, npjh f;Zy w[oMkfJ .
f;de dhihn f;Zy B' fJj dhi wfB GkfJ .13.
jZ; efo gqG ih sp ejk ;kfjp f;zx ;[fB pks .
f;zzX b;B1 jhok w[es, ejhI m"o ekj{z ikfs .14.
jwoh sB eh ;{o2 rfs n;s okfs j'fJ ikfJ .
x{e T[Bs ir wfj b;fs fsT[I f;zxh ww nkfJ .15.
f;de dhnk ftG[sk3 dJh dJh ftfdnk g{o .
oNs f;Zy ww s/} tX pms ws j' w{o .16.
;{o j{o ;p e{o sfi d{o d{o G{ pB wkfj .
oki pk} ri ;ki ;p f;de dhnk w[fj gkfj .17.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .80.
81
fJe p/o r[o{ ih gqGkfs fJFBkB efo pm/ E/ . sK b'r Bo Bkoh
BQktD br/ ;t/o/ . sp f;ZyK g[fSnk, ih ;Zu/ gkfsFkj \ ekfse wkx d/y
d/y e/ b'e BQKtd/ jB ;/t/o/ . j'o fdB nKtd/ jB sK fi;/ fe; t/b/
BQKtd/ jB, J/j[ fee{z pkfs j . sK r[o{ ih p'b/, GkJh irs swkFk
.
wsbp eh fenk gqhfs fuo BjhI mfjodh .
d{X[ d/s iK X/B[ d/tsk fwjo dh .
g{ik d/t d/t sK gqhs j'fJ Ffjo dh .

g[sq iDzsh Bkfo xo Ghso GKtdh .
dkB d/fJ iiwkB fdi efj GKtdh .
wkbe d/t ykB sK ukeo uKdBh .
j'fJ wyZN{ g[oy[ Bkfo fdb wKdBh .
d/yk d/yh oh; ;pjfB wfB nKtdh .
f;Zy' \ ;Zuh gqhfs ;dk jh GKtdh .
GkJh w/o/ f;Zy ;[B' ;p ekw dh .
fBs iZr cb dkB f;de r[o Xkw dh .
gfjo okfs fJFBkB ;dk eh EKt dh .
n;[w/X r'w/X xNh xfN iKtdh .
shih nrfB j'sq i:'fsFN 1 wKtdh .
;[toB uKdh no[ d{X[ sKpk d/fJ ;kw dh .
o;w d/y ib dkB gkg bfj ikw dh .
j'fJ gftsq ekfJnk BQkfJ d[gfjo i' .
shi wb/S fJFBkB us[oE/ gfjo i' .
okfs okyFh BQkfJ noX j'fJ gkseh .
fjz;k ;p eh gkg ib ekb B iks eh .
fJjh B/w eh ohs Gi Bkw e' .
j{nk irs s/ gko ;fs pqs nokw e' .
j'o egN eh ohfs i' nkb izikb eh .
no n" e[zvh ikb B Bkw ;zGkb eh .
;fsr[o j'fJ fdnkb fpqfs oj ;Zu eh .
;Zuk ir fpT[jko si ;fG eZu eh .
GkJh soBk ;[rw swkFk j ftFB ek .
oj feqnk wI fXnkB dk; Bfj f;;[B 2 ek .
J/j[ i[rfs tosDh nbrfj tosDk .
j' irs ek w/b goe fdb gouDk .
fiT[ u"gV Fsozi rzicak 1 okw uT[Ie 2 .

kG Bkfj feS[ fozu fsTI[ fJj wB e' FTI[e .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .81.
82
;[D GkJh f;Zyk \ gq/w jh w{b j .
;t:k
iK sB gq/w gqtkfj tj ;[y ;' Bo gktB p/d T[uko .
ezuB eFg[ g/qw fpBk y: Bojfo ;[s fjs e' tg[ Xko .
f;X nmkofj iKfj nXhB j ;fj; G[ik fdi ;[tB fpvko .
p/d T[ukos ft;qtk g[sq jh, gq/w fpBk wfo b'e f;Xko .1.
;t:k
g[bes rfs nBkjfd Ekfs ;[ G{b B nkBe' u/sj[ gqkBh .
s/o/ jh Ghso wkyB Ui ;', ;b e/ nzso gkte GkBh .
J/e jh Gk;fs FKs e' okys fsT[I s[fj nzso u/sB gqkBh .
iK br B/j[ eh gkb N[Nh Bfj ;fs ;o{g ;B/j ;wkBh .2.
d'jok
;fs ;o{g gowkswk ;fG xfN ojk fpnkg .
fiB ikBk sKe' nzBd n"o B ikBs nkg .3.
;fs ;[zfB u/sB nwb ;tgqekF nfpBk; .
nksw okw ;tSzd fBs ikBs g{os nk; .4.
dh;fs ir fiTI[ ;; f;zr pzfXnk ;[s ek Gk; .
rrB ;[tB pko{ ;fBrX fsTI[ M{mk nkGk; .5. 3
fpFzGo fgnko/ \ f;Zy ww s[fj nk;k ;G g{fo .
izwD woDk eNhn nkm iBw f;o G{o .6.
sp g{S f;y ;'ue ejhn ikwk w'o .
f;Zyh wKr/ r[o{ fYrk ojj[z dk; jT[I s'o .7.
p'b/ ;fsr[o ;kfjp f;zx ;fji eh eoBh ;ku .
G{gBkwk gVQ efo, oj f;Zy ww oku .8.

[o BkBe nzrd r[o{ nwodk; Gb s/i \
okwdk; r[o{ noiB, jfor[fpzd ;[m o/i .9.
r[o{ jfookfJ jfofeqFB r[o{ s/r pjkdo o{g .
sKek ;[s d;tK r[o{ s'fj fdyktK r{g .10.
d/j S'o gfjo/ nto sp jw s[wo/ gk; .
Gkth g{oB eoB e' eo jI ir gqekF .11.
okwdk; g[o jw s[w r[o{ dk; j' shi .
fwb ;bkjh j"j[ s[w pks pBktI uhs .12.
okwdk; g[o iBw Xo, T[Bh ; e/ wKM .
po; fsq:d; Ssq eh fpfdnk eoj' ;KM .13.
J/eb ;[s e/ pz; wI wkfJ iD w[j J/e .
nz; jwkok djo nz;[ iBwrk ;[y b/y .14.
y'V; po; e' j'fJe iBw[ bhnk gzikp .
npb ihs'I gZSwK u"tB po; fj;kp .15.
ekpb ihsk fpnkj eo w[j B fdykT{I nkfJ .
w/o/ d[FwB ;G jB' fdZbh pm'I ikfJ .16.
fBrw p'X shoE nfXe sK shoE gqskg .
fdZbh d/jh S'oe iBw/ wKM/ Ekg .17.
pv/ isB[ s/ fpnkj fs;, fpS[oh b/t w/b .
pbF'I fgSbh fpw[bsk, eoj' n;k y/b .18.
u"gJh
;eb eEk s[fj Gkfy ;[BkT{I . s/o/ wB ;zd/j fwNkT{I .
r[opyF f;zx j' okw e"o . sK ghS ysqh fJj w'o .19.
d{i/ iBw eKFh wfo nkt . ww iBw e"o bkt .
;GjB e' b eoe/ j/s . G'r G[rkt'I oj' ;[u/s .20.
i' i' gzE fwqikdh w/ok . fsB e' iwg[fo ehB fBj'ok .
woI ;ph ;qdkoh dko . i/ i/ w[; w[; pKX oko .21.
pkX' pkX jwkok f;Zy . eo eq'Vh Xoh i[ fby .
i' nwkB Xoh ib wKM . f;zX d/fjrk w' wB ;KM .22.
sp gjkVh w/ok Fsq . s'V skV XB[ b/tk ysq .23.

d'jok
;zps j'r[ ;skBtK Bt j{nk eS[ ekb .
T[BZh ; e/ Ghso/ ;{odk; sB gkb .24.
u"gJh
nmkoK Grs nkfj ntsko . sK fdB fdZbh nktK wko .
w/oh ;zrfs f;Zy d[y gktk . sp fcozrh gqik d[yktk .25.
oki ohfs ww gzE fBtko . sK fdB n;h ebk ;tko .
i[ZX jh fpB eS[ E'ok i[ZX . w/ok wzso fcork ;[ZX .26.
p/u i/; eo iKfj fcozrh . rkiIr/ sp w'o G[zirh .
p'bk f;zx G'izrb Bkw . w/o/ e' ;wMkt' f;nkw .27.
j; p'b/ j[fJ nkg fdnkb .ªT[d f;zx eh eoBh GKb .«
e/;'dk; fpqg eh tosD . Bkfo wb/Sh xo eh ;osD .28.
rfBek w[;bh ;tI ;odko . sK xo iBwI ekw rtko .
ikoD e/ ;[s j'fJ G[:zrh . p/d noE wI fbyk s[ozrh .
fiT[I n;sq fsT[I j'tr[ pbhnk . GkDk ;[D' tos fiT[I Gbhnk .
Bkfo fcozrD G'rI f;Zy J/e . sK fdB f;zx roi ek ;/e .30.
;[B' pks ;[G tos i'Jh . fJ; eoBh e' ikB e'Jh .
frnkBh fXnkBh r[Dh XBkY . Bkw igs xo xo wI nkY .31.
eK;h wI no B[ozr g[o/ jh . Ffjo ezXkoh dkw i[o/ Jh .
;p youI jw Xfo ntskok . ekw G'r eowB eT[ ;kok .32.
ofjs jwkoh n;h j'r[ . Bkoh ukj/ B epj{z ;'r .
ikBrk w[fj e'Jh GkJh . w/ok ;[s fJe gkNb ikJh .33.
okig{s e/ d{ik ikfJ .,,,,,,.34.
okig{s rVQ ekw g[o fBe;k woj rzr .
;' w/ok j[fJ iBw Xfo ihs/ oki fB;zr .35.
w/ok ukeo ihs eKFh . o[dq ;/t eh pKSk ok;h .
izpe Bro G{g fJe j'Jh . w/o/ f;Zy ;wkb ;'Jh .36.
dkw d/; b/tfjIr/ ;ro/ . gops wkfj ykb;k wro/ .
j}ko shB e'; e/ nzdo . x[w/ ykb;k gkts d[zdo .37.
ghbh ehbh 1 b/tI f;Zy . nk;qw uko poB e' fofy .

fJsfj nokBh Ffjo ezXko . ;zps phs/ pkBt uko .38.
;skBt/I c"ai g{oph rki . r[io ;{oi Bkw fpoki .
w/o/ xo ukeo d[fj ozrh . frbi/I w[;b v'ro fcozrh .39.
ysqh f;zx fpgq fJe w/ok . dfJnk f;zx iBwrk c/ok .
oki mfjokT{I T[Bh g[o . febe g[oh fco ikT{I s[o .40.
iBw G{fw w/oh j gNBk . d/y'Irk fiT[I oksh ;[gBk .
ekj{z d/; dkw b G/N . ekj{z fbnkT{I okik ;w/fN .41.
r[o BkBe ih ijK t rJ/ . eoh cehoh d/;B tJ/ .
;' ;' d/; oki Xo ihs'I . tX ykb;k b'r gqshs'I .42.
w/ok o{g by B ekj{z . w'fj fdykT{I oft fiT[I okj{ . 2
Mzv rzv ;{ik ;[y Bkw . f;zx Bkw dkBk p[X ;kw .43.
;[fX ;kfjp B[ozr f;zx J/jh . gkNb Bro iBw ;[ ;B/jh .
ej{z ejK br nkrb pks . ;G f;yB e' Gbh ;[jks .44.
s[oe ukeok 3 w/ok pkbk . ihs gFuw ww j'fJ ukbk .
:k fpfX G{gBkwk gVQ w/ok . d/j ;[X fBf; ;KM ;t/ok ..45.
i/ e' f;Zy gVQ T[m gqks . efb e d'y B fpnkg sks .
ikfj nkgD/ v/o/ f;Zy . s'e' dh; G{s Gfty .
;eb f;X j't s[fj ekw . jwok doFB s[wj' nkw .46.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .82.
83
sK Gbe j'fJnk ;t/o/ pm/ ;fsr[o sK wB{z efjnk, ib fbnkfJ .
uko xVhnK fdB uVQ f;Zy T[iBh, B' fbnkthI p'bkthI sK wI fst jh eih .
;kfjp f;zx fby s{ sK . sK wI p[bkfJ fbnkfJnk . f;Zy p/N/ ;[X/ j}ko
o[gJ/ FkjijkBh G/N Xo y[Fh bZXh, y[Fh j{nk . T[;eh }BkBhnK f;ZyDhnK
;G n"osk EhI gzi, nzdo wfjb'I eh g{ik dJh y[Fh . ubkdh p/o r[o{ e/
j}{o wdBtzsh f;o uoBK go Xok .
grK 1 go jzM{ gJhnK . r[o{ e/ uoBk jNkfJ oj/ E/ go T[j nrkVh
j[zdh rJh . j;e/ p'b/, np fee{z < s{z Bk ;'u, r[o{ ek xo d/Idk j, bIdk

Bkjh . s/ok g[Zs ;kvk Nfjbhnk j't/rk nrb/ iBw, j[fD sB{z fdsk
;kps j{nk . r'oy ikD s{ ikD . sK p'bh, w'j B j'fJ . r[o{ e/ p'b/,
T[;Bke/ 2 \ r[opyF f;zx dh ozB/ . gSskt/Irh g[Zso B{z . ;[Gkt s/ok g[oy
dk, ikwk shthI dk . sK jZ;h, ok}h j{Jh . w'dBh d{ih, wZEk N/fenk . sK
r[o{ e/ u[gek jh oj/ . f;o fjbkfJnk, ;G wZEk N/fe ftdk j'Jh . sK ghS/
s/ r[o{ ih jZ;D br/, y[Fh
d/y e/ wI g[fSnk, ih gkfsFkj \ j[ew fee{z . puB j{nk w'dBh f;yDh
bVe/ s/oh j'fJrh . i[tkbk br okik dhnK, ihtDk E'VQk .
;[[D BhIrok \ s{ ;ZdD rfJnk ns/ ;'jDh d/y b'Gk, r[o{ fenK wB{z Bk
pyFh, s{ fenk G[Zbk, j[D sK pyFh, r[opyF f;zx j'trk . d{ih, bVe/
eh f;yDh ;' oi3 tkbh Sjh jwo/ grK Bkb . jw Bk p'b/, nkdo dhnk,
go J/j w[;bh t/;[tk j'r[ . eosko eh B/fs . go f;de ek cb oD
f;zx-e/;'dk; nzrheko eor/, c/o fjzdtkDh iBwrh, oig{sDh, f;Zy w/ok
J/e jh iBwk, wI e/;' fpgq B' pyFh j[D p; g[fS BjhI, ntfo f]nkb dk
t/bk j. sK wI B p'bk.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .83.
84
oks B' r[o{ ih ;'J/, ;t/o/ gzfvs p[bkJ/, ns/ eth;o, e[zto, pZbG,
r[Dhnk, ;[yhnk nto p[bkfJ, g{fS ;[BkfJnk, GkJh ;[fDU \ J/j ;[caBk
feE/ s/ nKtdk jrk . s[;hI f;nkD/ j' . uzd ftu ekby feT[I brh ns/
gZr b'r r'v/ go feT[I Xod/ jB, uhs/ fgS'I E[ed/ feT[I jB, o[e pro p'bd/
feT[I , nkN/ eh stD eh fgSkVh nkNk feTI[ i'Vd/ jB, ewkB feT[I Nzekod/ jB ns/
swke{ feTI[ S[zjd jB, ns/ d[nkdFh B' feT[I eEk jfo eh BjhI gVQd/ < J/j ;[De
e[zto efjnk L
ykfJ ;eb o; nzB s/ dgN/ Bkoh Gkt .
x{ow BhId ghS gu iht ebk S[fN dkp .1.
c[o/ c[oB ;G izs e' Bo e' ;kuk M{m .
fJsBh p{Mh frnkB s/ sK go s[woh ;{M .2.

ªpZbG« ekby gkg cb r'sw gsBh gqhs .
uzd T[mkfJ foy BkQD e' ekwh pk;t 1 whs .3.
ªr[BhnK« ikB' ikBQth 2 ;[X m"o to Jh; .
whs gkr ;oBkrsh r'v bkr ;[y ;h; .4.
ª;kyhnk« szzsq wzsq e' Bk; eoB e/ j/s .
E{e ehJ/ jfs j's j, iKs/ ehBk u/s .
«r[odk;« dk; gr ;fsr[o{ njz3 fwN s[w ;oB .
stB4 feqwk fpB njzwsh p'bs gqhfs eh joB .6.
;Bkgfs efjsk fJjh fgqEw fpoesh ikB .
rDgfs nkfd wBkJhJ/ nkfd stB eh ekB .7.
ª;[yk f;zx« Nzeko eh FsqB dh:' tzrko .
j pb fpfdnk ik; e/ nkt ww fYr ;ko .8.
ªeb{nk« s[oeB oki ip ojk G{fw go SkfJ .
i{m ykfJ ig wzsq pb fjzd{ e' Sg ikfJ .9.
;eb gkg i/ G{fw e/ jfo gJ rJ/ cfonkd .
efb wI s[woh wfj jBB jfo efj ;Ws eE dkd .10.
BkBe iK s[w fdnkb j'fJ ;eb d'y fwN iKfj .
;zeo fpdo dkfod fpgq nikwb[ e[pi fGbkfJ .11.
u[g j{J/ ;G r[o ejI bVe/ r[opyF f;zx .
s{ feTI[ p'bs Bkfj np efjBh j'r[ ww f;zx .12.
sK wI p'bk ;wMe wB gouk s[w uoB .
izsh e/ fenk p; ;jh eosk s[woh ;oB .13.
nkb gfjo eh u/FNk oB ;wog'I fXnkB .
BZE jwkoh jZE eo, s[w j' jwok frnkB .14.
jfN T[so np Bkb w[y ejhJ/ ;zrfs s'o .15.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .84.
85
p'b/ gqG fdnkb j'fJ iBw i'fB Gqw iht .

fBzdqk t; J/eKs fus by Gqw ;[gBht .1.
skokgfs 1 gsBh G[rh uzd ekbyK d/y .
go Bkoh go;B nxh 2 b'r fdyk:' b/y .2.
okw byB fwqrhnk 3 rJ/ fpS[o/ d'B' Gqks .
fB; r'v/ grVh Xoh fwsq ejkBh pks .3.
fGnkB4 fwb gouk grV to[ dhBk sp J/j[ .
r'v/ go d;sko cb gkt fBod[y d/j .4.
G{s ikfs G{ go fis/ w{sq d'y fwNktfJ .
E{e dhJ/ ;[X ekfJ j'fJ ghS ;jh pBkfJ .5.
gkg rq; ip nkBe fsq;eko fpX nkB .
fpBk p[bkJh p'bhn ik fpfX Gbk B wkB .6.
nkfd nzs o'Nh rqkjh d/t fgso fjs dB .
p/d T[efs s/ XowtkB J/e fgSkVh bB .7.
FrB j'fj ;p ;{ow/ d/t dkfjB/5 j'fJ .
oD FsqB e/ ;kwQB/ eo Nzekoh o'j .8.
niw/o Fkj eh ezfBek T[S fpqs 6 fdi wKv .
geV ;[tkt oB e' wzsq e'fN pu oKv .9.
gho wb/Sh pme/ efo nkdo pmkfJ .
swe swke{ ;Gk ;p ghts dhB nDkfJ .10.
nfs gftsq ;[ toB r[V fpgq jkfE gtkfJ .
oD nwzsq e'fN fy; fwbh wb/Sh XkfJ .11.
sK fofy ;[s r'gd ;PB dhBk ;qkg pBkfJ .
woB ekb BG Fpd[ j[fJ r' eoB si ikfJ .12.
;eb gkg i/ G{fw wI p; nkfJ gd wKM .
;'qsk pesk e' br ep B g{i eoKM .13.
nBfXnkfJB 7 fpfdnk x[y ;/ pkdh ir wkfj .
dkfod nkopb Bk; j[fJ nkgd fJj[ T[j nkfj .14.
oi Bkoh fsnkrB pB si oKv ek G'r .
fpro fpnkJh no[fu fsq: fsnkr e[b nfo o'r .15.
;"u F/y ib n;[fu j'fJ fBr{o/ eo ngfts .

;[tkB, ;[gu1 i{mk nbg xfN pzXk ib nf;s .16.
n;/ p/d g[okB ;[fu Fzeo wbB B i'r .
;q'sk ;[fB Bkoe gF{ jkB e[bhBh j'r[ .17.
gzE ouk wI Xow fjs g{ik dkB Bk ykfJ \
b'G pzX wkBs BjhI ;{eo2 i'Bh ikfJ .18.
fdt; oB r[o uoB Gi e[b eh eoj eko .
gkg fpvko/3 f;Zy ww ;kyh ;[B T[geko .19.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .85.
86
J/e p/o r[o nkfrnk iBw j{nk cs/ f;zx .
;fB ;fsr[o p'bs GJ/ Gbh GJh ;[y f;zX[ .1.
sK fdB p'b/ w[;e w[fj np Bfj d{ih tko .
;fG g{S/ ;[BhJ/ gqG{ y'fbQ j[ew ej[ ;ko .2.
GrtkB f;zx4 j'fJ ikBh:' ghS j'fJ G{-wZX .
gzE B/w ;ziw[ Xo eo j[ew ;[y ;[X .3.
jwo d/yfs fJj eo j[ew ykb;k nkB .
jw Gh tg[ XkoI ntfo eoI fcozrh jkB .4.
Bkfo fcozrD f;Zy ww xo wI b/tI oky .
Xow wb/Sh tXIt' s[[[or gmkDh ;ky .5.
tX gzE go Xow Bfj :k fpfX efb ek eow .
tos ;rb ijkB wI ftobk ikB wow .6.
eosk j[ew j{nk jw/ sp efb i'o/ jkE .
oki s[wkok p/o jw jw gzE e/ ;kE .7.
irBBkE eh mto[ w[j d[nkoek wI oB S'o .
eKFh ft;tkBkE B e[o[ wI Xow fBt'o .8.
s;/ s[w wfj okyhU Feb eoT[Irk eki .
;rb b'r w' ikBh:' w'fj s[wkok oki .9.
sp jw n;/ efjnk fsj s[w e' eoBh f;X .

p'bk eoBh Bkfj e' eo'I Bkw eh fpqX .10.
ebfj eokt'I pkg ;[s Bkfo g[oy ek i[ZX .
GD wkfJ e' S've r/jB gkb ;[X .11.
;[s Bkoh ;;[ok Gi ;k;{ Gi iwks .
dk; Gi G{gfs i[tfs fpgq B T[gi FKfs .12.
;{d B/Itdk i/Itd/ fpgq d/Ij fXXeko .
T[gekoh ;{M BjhI pj[s/ pX fpeko .13.
g[sq iB Bkoh Gb ezfBnk iBBh d{o .
g[sq ;wMkt pkg e' B{zj efj ;k;[ e{o .14.
f;Zy T[gd/F r[o{ e' nzB ngftsq ykfj .
BQkD 1 si ekfJnk d[yh ykt o[fu pj[ GkfJ .15.
gqhs E'o y[Fwfs 2 puB T[do GoB e/ eki .
Bkoh fwbBk G'r efo rqfj rqfj iihJ/3 ;ki .16.
p/d p/ud/ p/dXo 4 G{w p/uzs/ Sfsq .
xo p/uI pBhJ/ ;eb ;{dq p/us/ g[sq .17.
G{y wos/ ekw fpB Grtk eojI G/; .
iNK pKX eos/ ;[ o; fwqrSkb yVktK J/e .18.
b'rB e' n;/ mrI eE frnkB eh pks .
f;o X[fB BBB ib ;qts egNh nfXe ;[jkfs .20.
roG frokt ozfv ek ;[Gr j/fj B roG .
ijK ukj sjK fpxB pj[ fpBk ukj[ j'fJ ekw .
fwsq pB nfs Fso[sk Fso[ whs ek ekw .21.
;[B p'b e"Ise Gb/ s{ sK BN fiT[I gzE .
Bkw dkB j'fJ gzE wI eoh:' ngBh ;zE .22.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .86.
87
sfp p'b/ ;fsr[o ;jh ;[B' ;[Bkt'I T[dks .
jw jwo/ ;zrfs Grs ejK swQkoh pks .1.

efbi[r p'b ;[BkfJnk ;[B' jwkoh y:ks .
eEk ;[Bkt'I nkfd eh wfs eoh:' ftfynks .2.
ªefbBkwk« r[opyF f;zx dhBk s'e' J/j[ .
;fsr[o nkg ;[DkfJnk ;ku ;[Bkt' s/fj .3.
efbi[r efjBk nkfd wI pqjwk iBsk ehB .
ej ;G jw jI nfXe njzekoh by bhB.4.
sp pqjwk ;wMkfJ:' s[wok fBnkfJ ;wki .
efj ;wkfX eo w'B j'fJ fustk g[oy i[ oki .5.
J/e yoh d{ik j{nk shik u"Ek ;[m .
fgqEw iBw e" ;"Ig efo Bhfs gVQkJh r[m .6.
g{Sk dqfjD feT[I tosDh g[Zsq eoIrk ikfJ .
;' JhjK ej[ w'j fYr j[ew oki w[j dkfJ .7.
;fs ejk sp g[oy B/ d/; d/; fdT[I pKfN .
fi; d/; sKek fby{z gkg g[zB eh ;KN .8.
sg ;s iZr no nouBk b'r eokT{I o'} .
pqjwD pqjw gokfJDh T{uk pBp; i'r .9.
phT[ cbkT{I ;T[ p/o T[wo bky fJe poy .
F;sq Xow Ssqh eo'I g[zB ftjkoh t/; .
shB p/d shB' poB ;pB fybkT{I n; .10.
d{ik p'bk fgsk ih \ F;so Xow w[j y{p .
;p ubkT{ Bhfs wI d/T{I ;/tk j{p .11.
iZr eokT{I noE ;zu gkg fwNkT{I b'r .
;[tor b'r br eowmh d; p'Jhb/ G'r .12.
d; ;fji iht ;eb gkg voB ;p nkfj .
pv/ Gqks s/ T{B d; Xow ubkT{I okj .13.
u[g j'J/ shik ej nouk xo eh tzv .
;fj; ihtBk uko phu nkXk g[B nx yzv .14.
nfXe fpgq no Sfsq eh tDi eo iB nkg .
okik e' r[o wkB e fBnkfJ eokt ikg[ .15.
u[g j{nk u[g us[o E pqfjwk ej s{ p'b .

sp jw eo i'o/ Bwq nkfJ;[ s[woh e'b .16.
j; eo pqfjwk p'fbmk g[sq fgSkVh w'o .
s/oh fJSk j'fJ i' ;' w/o' wB b'o .17.
efjs' jT[I efjB/ brk iB eo[ gz[B no[ gkg .
nkg eoI G[rt ngB ;" toyh d/th ikg .18.
pj[ g[sq pj[ pkFBk fJfSnk f;fSnk ;ko .
F{do oki xo jhnoB p/d ikg[ jfo Xko .19.
Grfs eo gkgh so Bo Bkoh fdi ;{d .
Bhu pkb itBh s[oe Fzeo nkFqw y{p .20.
Bkw fpBk dzv/ ;eb Boe ;[or ww oki .
G{ jh d'B' rfs oN/ i'Bh noE ;wki .21.
J/j Gkth g{oB eo"I sp ikB'rk y{p .
J/e s[wkok dzv ;j[ n"o B ikBj[ d{p .22.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .87.
88
J/e p/o ;fsr[o ej pqjwk efjs ;[jks .
;[B ;[s G{wh ikJhU, Xow eow ftfynks .1.
;[B efbi[r w/ok j[ew s{ w/ok nkfrnko 1 .
;G wzsq s[fj oki od, Bkw wzsq f;X ;ko .2.
n"o i[rB wI nk;ok pj[s iZr sg nou .
okw Bkw ig[ o;B ;[nk; efb wI ekoi ;ou .3.
s/ok oki j[fJ g[sq ip ;p d/tB fdT{I toi .
fiTI[ fJSk fsT[I toshJ/ Bkw wjksw Ho} .4.
Gbk s[wkok oki j[fJ ;eb f;fX s[fj tko .
E'Vh eoBh cb nfXe shB okyh:' ;ko .5.
go nz;h go Bkfo sfi Bkw ;okj ;[nk; .
jfo Gi jfo fus j/s[ Xfo jfo f;deh e[b nk; .6.
d/j nzs Gh jfo Gi sT[ Gh j'fJ fB;sko .

n;/ jfo e' fBs Gi Gtib T[so gko .7.
pqjw gqkfJD j'fJe sB wB nog i'fJ .
sKek ph s{z G eohI fJjh jwoh y'fJ .8.
ntfo N/e sfi nk;ok J/e Bkw ek g/qw .
shB b'e e' p/X e ikfJ ;ki[ih 1 y/w .9.
ngBh Bkoh ;u[ pqs yki nykih fpqs .
;'Jh ;zs r[o wkBhU efb g[sq ;fs fus .10.
;fsi[r w/o/ f;o t;', G[ik t;' fsqs/: .
d[nkg[o p;h:' izx 2 ww, s{ uoBB e' ;/: .11.
nzr nzr eh w[efs fJj p/d wKM fby dhB .
;'Jh ;' ;kuh Gbh ;eb ;wkbk ehB .12.
ng[B/ ng[B/ oki eo nkJh:' ww s[w Xkw .
eo eo eoBh ebg br fwbh:' nzr nokw .13.
pqfjwk tke ejh ;zfxsk go g;zsh ikg[ .
wZXwk tyoh 3 ikg o; uko d/t n; Ekg .14.
BkokfJB d/t j go ek, Bo g;zsh fJFfN .
tkrd/th wZXwk t; fpnk; tyoh f;FN .15.
;[nk; mfjokt BkfG xfo T[m s[ozrh Ui .
Bkw GiB eh i[rfs fJj,ªwEok« 4 pyFh w"IIi .16.
efj eo ;[B s{ ;kfjp f;zx u[g ehBh efb rzw .
fJj ;kyh ;fsr[o ejh gVQs ;[Bs[ ;[b ;zw .17.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .88.
89
J/e ;w/I r[o{ w"i wI pm/ f;Zy ;wki .
eoBh efj r[o dhnk j; g{Ss ;G e' bki .1.
J/e p/o r[o ih efjnk r[o noiB eh ofjs .
;[ywBh wfjwk Gbh efb ig[ eh efjBh wfjs .2.

J/e ;w ;qh r[o{ ih, noiB ih e j}{o eh y:ks fgzvh bkb
Bzd bkb ih g[fSnk . ik br r[o{ ih ejB sK f;Zy Bzd f;zx j}{o gSD
tk;s/ ;[BkfJnk, ih ;Zu/ gkfsFkj \ nuoi d/fynk j, J/e f;Zy B{z ;okfJ
ftu'I d/T[ brk j d/fynk, fJsB/ gq;skt wkfj r[o{ e/ j}{o fpqi bkb
gKvk, fBjkb uzd, fpXh uzd, ykB uzd, ;[yd/t gzfvs, wkB dk; pokrh ,
wdB frfo, nkbw Fkj, j[;B nbh, fpqyk, ;[yk, r[Dhnk r[B/ uzd, bZyk
r[o{ ih e/ gouDhJ/ nkfJ gj[zu/ . iK wZEk N/e u[e/ sK fgS'I GkJh ;Zd{
nkJh j}{o, ehosB e/ ;w puB j'fJnk, GkJh f;Zyk \ ig[ih B gVQdk
j'trk . sK f;ZyK g[fSnk, ih ig[ wI w[es nEtk ;oho eh ofSnk < puB
j'fJnk, GkJh nzfwqs cb nwo ph eo/, G{y fsqyk ph d{o eo . c/o fpqi
bkb gKv/ fpBsh eoh ;Zu/ gkfsFkj \ w/oh pks ;[DBh . J/e fdB ;[gB/
ftu wI r[o{ BkBe ih ek do; ehnk, T{jK ih nikDk fe ikfD, wI Gh
ig[ih ek gqwkoE ;[fDnk nkjk, ih wI Gh ;b'e ;[DktK . puB j'nk, GkJh
;[DkfJn \s{z Gh gqshs tkbk r[o e/ xo ek gzvfs jI . sK pqjwD p'fbnk,
n;ho puB gfVQnk L
jfo FsqB ww frqj/ fdtk oks'qfj d[y dkB .
sqkfj wk fdqF: r[o' ;PgB ;b'e'efso[estkB .1.
sp fpqi bkb gfVQnk, ;zrs ;p r[o BkBe ih, noiB ih ;[gB/
wKM d/y/ sp ;[DK ;' ;[Dkt' .
w'y u gqkD/ r[D dqG bkG/ Xow/ ftoes/ ;[o ;/tB/ tk
:'yfs ;[dk;/ ;fs g[sq:kB/ ;zrqfj ;[Gkt foFN' gowd/
wB' fBo'X/ :[fXFfsgqrj/ Xow u Bhs" dkB/ r[Deko/
J/s/y[ e[o:kfs ;fsBkw pkfD w'IekowKd' efb ;PdXkB .2.
ghS/ g[SD br/ f;fynk ;[g[B ;b'e . GktkoE ;wMkt' sK puB
j'fJnk GkJh J/j ig[ih ek wkB;h gow wzsq ek noE j/rk .
1> ;fsBkw[ gzih nSo gVQ/ .
sK sfp d'y tks fgs ec Bk; eo .
w[es j'fJ, ntrfs Bk j'fJrh . i' G'iB T[go gV/Q fofX tX/, nzB
gu/, ekb ofjs j'fJ, XB e/ bkG w/I, Xow wI, T[dk;h d/tsk eh g{ik w .
no Bkoh ;{s w pkd w w'jBh fby d; ;jz;o gV/ .1.

[o{ nZr/ wZEk fBt goshs eo/ d;tzX ntzX d/t/ r[o ek f;Zy .
ubB wI ;zrqj w, dkB b/B d/B wI, ;fs ;[Gkt eh gbN w . G{s vkeBh
eh fdq;fN w gV/ . ;[gB r[o{ noiB ih ek tke . gkfsFkjh d;
fbykfJnk ;' fbyk .
nkr/ puB fbykoh fbyk . ;kfjp f;zx, puB r[o{ ih ek .
ubB ;w ;zrqfjB wI dkB b/B n" d/B .
nfs ;[Gkt eh gbN wI G{s vkeBh ;/B .1.
wB ihsB i[X wI Xo/ oki eki ;[y tkfj .
fwbB/ frbB/ pzX wfj oki i'r[ T[sFkj .2.
fJB ekoi eh nNe w gKu guh;k ikg[ .
Ssh nmZsh ikg eo by noX s/ bky .3.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .89.
90
gzi nyo nEtk gzih nEtk SZsh tk nmZsh .
;G e/ po'po ig[ j}ko nZyoK i/v eoDk .1.
eo j'w r[owzsq e' r[o{ ih eh y:ks .
ekoi j'fJ pzXB s[N ;qh w[y r[o goskg .2.
pqjwD ftfdnk :[s ig J/e Gkr d[fJ w{VQ .
Ssqh sq: F{do us[o, ;kY/ sq: ft; r{VQ .3.
frnkBh fXnkBh i'r Xow eowh ;[feqsh: wX: .
T[sBk jh fbfynk ;jh i' r[o ;oXk f;Zy .4.
r[o gq;kfd br w[es w gKu frnkB wI i'r .
fjod/ ;'XB ;zrqfj w gzih br ;zi'r .5.
fgqEw fJj' j'w wkoiB ftfX fby:s/ .
Unzekok: BwL .1. ;s:k: BwL .2. sr:k: BwL .3. Bkok:Dk
BwL .4. wyk:k BwL .5. eos/q BwL .6. oysq' BwL .7. skoeK: BwL .8.
g[oy'swk: BwL .9. o[ewkfeqs: BwL .10. yksBw/: BwL .11.
fBoziBk: BwL .12. oEKrks Bw' BwL .13. Gtksek: BwL 14.
T[swk: ;;/: BwL .15. fBs: o[gk: BwL .16. oikswB/ BwL .17.

pe[zmk: BwL .18. okwk: BwL .19. nyokf: BwL .20. ekbk:
BwL .21. bywhgs/: BwL .22. w{efs Xok: BwL .23. owkgfs: BwL
.24. fsqb'e/;k: BwL .25. nyo:k: BwL .26. irdh;k: BwL .27.
fBokekok: BwL .28. ;dw/Fk: BwL .29. fJekotkr tkdB/ BwL .30.
GziBk: BwL .31. UnzekofJz BwL .32. ;Pkjk gqkDk j[s' ig[ fJfs . f;y
;[yk:wL . Ssqh poDh no gzi toD . gzMh sZs, r[ogq;kfd, shB e/ nkr/
gVQ/, no fbyB w nkm nZyo gVQ/, gKu gqkD e/ wKMl gzMh ;fG fptjko
w, Ssqh nmZsh r[D ;KM .
;[D GkJh s{ iks s/ T[sw pqfjwD r's .
i[r ek Xow gSkD ig[ eh gT[Vh ;'X .
no j'w eo Ssqh eo by w[efs j'fJ ssekb .
ig[ s/ nksw ;[X j'fJ wkoiB d{yB Nkb .
nk;k go d{ih gVQ/ nkfd ;u[ fij Bkw .
d/t wzsq no ubB wI n"yfX o;kfJD ;kw .
ftgsk eko ijkB wI rkt e' ofj bkr .
ekoi ekj{z nNe wI d/fJ G/N r[o Gkr .
Bt xo Bt r[D ;zrqj u"Eh ek eo fXnkB .
ig[ ig ;w gVQ ;ks fdB FKs G/N gqwkB .
T[dw gzi/ i[X w S/thU ;gsfw pzX .
nNeh Bkoh nkmthI BKth wzsq ;zfX .
d;thI d; d/tB ii tkfjB b/t phu .
uVQB/ feq: fteq: fty frnoK gtVh yhIu .
pkoQh gVQ ebgB eo d[y nfoFN e' Bk; .
s/oQh s/ f;XB Gi ekoi oki ;[ ok; .
izsq w u"d; efj:' gzud;h s/ G{s .
y'V; s/ vkefB si ;fsqd; w'jB e{s .
gVQ nmkofj nkm d; fBs T[m ftfdnk j/s .
yN wkj ftfdnk tX fBowfb p[X ;[u/s .
T[Bh ;[zBh i'r w ftz;h Bkfo ;zi'r .
;zsfs fjs fJeh;thI, fwqs pkJhthI i'r .
s/Jh fog[B ny[N w u"th uks[o ghqs .

gzu ftz;sh nkdo/ w'jB ;'jB ohfs .
SZph Sb w pb Xo' ;gs ftz; ek ikg .
nkmftz; G: d{o e' j'fJ pZio ;w wkg .
fty ghV ftfynk eN T[Bsh;/ ek MkV .
d[X pXkt t}B w sh; gT[Vhnk rkVQ .
J/eh S/e/ d' eh Gkr sq s/s/ fJe skg[ .
fBs i[oh u"Ish gVQ ukbh ukbh wkg .
eow wKM d; e' gVQ noE wkj thj gkm .
shj ekwBk ;zu os ukbh w[efs ;[okN .
gIsh gzefs SZsh rV ;{o eki ;Ish; .
nmZsh fwbB/ ;kX e/ oki e do n;h; .
T[B ukb sB d/t e" ukbh us[o G[i o{g .
uko GKs ig[ ig[ fbyj[ s/ G'iB ny: ;o{g .
ig[ wfjwk g"Vh gVQ eoj r[o ;B gqhfs .1
fBjuk iKek r[oB wI j'fJ ;[cb fszj ohfs .
J/j[ ig[ r[o noiB ww r[oBkBe w[y wzs .
fby:' F[eq r[ooki ;fsr[o ;Bw[y ;[y ;zs .
;G ;kXB gqrfN eh:' d[;N B dhi' J/j[ .
cb f;Zy gqshs s/ fpgq ;kX eh ;/t .
T[;sfs fBzdk gojo dzG Jhoyk wkB .
p/d puB ;w r[o puB ;G ;zsB gotkB .
;t:k
ig[ ikg ehJ/ nx e'N jo fBs dkB tX wfs ;ko Xo .
wB Gkt tX ;[y ekw ;X ;[o ;kXB wI sw g[zi jo .
XB w sB wI ;[s o'j rqj no Bkoh wI ;G d'y No .
Bfj gqhs eo ftFtk; BjhI fij sKfj e' d/fJ ;[ d'y eo .
:keh ftfX J/j[ ejh r[o B i[ e'Jh ;[ f;y: ;[ ;'XB s/ .
;G gkmB rhs yVz rB s/ T[gi:' cb e"se i'rB s/ .
fsT[I ;kXB f;X ;[u/s Gbh fpX eki ;o ;[y G'rB s/ .
;p f;X ehJ/ r[o G/N dhJ/ J/j[ phi Xo r[o w'dB s/ .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .90.

91
r[o BkBe feqgk eoh gzE psk:' f;Zy .
r[o noiB r' poBBz noE fynks G:' f;Zy .1.
;[gB pks gqrfN eoh ;fsr[o g{oB fy:ks .
;'T{ noE JhjK gqrfN fbfy:' f;Zy ;[jks .2.
gkme go g{oB feqgk ;fsr[o noiB tke .
t/y/ gVQ/ fby/ ;[D/ d/fJ g{i r[B ikg[ .3.
efbi[r wI usq toB e' uko GKs ek ikg .
gok wZXwk t/d efj g;zsh fij wkg .4.
tyoh uko/ EkB w sB wI eoj/ tk; .5.
BkGh gfjbh fjod/ g[B ezm g[Bk w[y p'b .
fiT[I fsT[I gm cb nfXe j'fJ fJjh ikg ek w'b .6.
nigk ikg eo ig[ gm' fdito e[b Bzd .
r[o fYr noiB dk; e/ gk:' gowkBzd .7.
Bzd bkb fgzvh bkb ykB uzd fpXh uzd .
nkbw, wkB dk;, ;[eft wdBfrfo ;[y ;zfd .8.
wkfB:' r[o s/ oks e' T[fv:' fpjzrw GKs .
G/fN:' g[oy g{oB sjK gfm:' g[fB e' FKfs .9.
shB tko r[o fJj eJh fJj ig[ osB nw'b .
iKs/ w'e' G/fNU fJjh nzs ek u'b .10.
1> ;fsr[o gq;kfd, eosk g[oy i'V/ ikg .
tX nkopbk ib wzsq d/, jo o'r sB skg .
Bkoh t; e/ ekoB/ nZyo ikg nXoB .
;cb ekw ;kXB f;X ;kXe ;[y pj[ uB .
;G/ gqGks/ ;[to[ZE/ u/ wX:/ ekw/ gok:D/ yb{ w'y f;X:
w'jB god'y/ t;se :kw/, fog[d xks/fj oifB:o[ Xths/
w[es gok:D/ gqjo/ u F/;/, ;{o:'d:/ u fez Bt f;X:z

fJdz cbz tofusz fdiB ;qh r[o{ eo'fs e/;t/B .
d'jok
;qh r[o{ noiB puB ip ;[fB: f;Zy ;[ydkfJ .1.
sK fdB s/ xo ;[o gV fwN:' d{y e' GkfJ .2.
np ;[BhJ/ fJe ig[ gVQ ;fsr[o f;Zy e/ ;zr .
G[rfs w[efs py;h r[o{ dorfj ikfJ fB;zr .3.
sp ;qh r[o{ ih efjnk GkJh \ i/ e' f;Zy ig[ gVQrk fBZs, ;' nksw
do;h eh rfs gkJ/rk, no ;fsr[o T[; d/ ;zfr ojrk .
fiT[I XzBk eh rkfJ e' mke[o uko/ fBs .
eo/ gqhfs fBs ig[ gV ;' fsT[I ;fsr[o fws .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .91.
92
;zps fpeqw okfJ e' ;sofj ; fsqz; wk; .
ig gowkoE cb fby:' eoh ;obsk okf; .
gVQ ;[B fjs bkfJe i' fby d/t/ gqhs .
wB fuzss cb gkfJe spjP ;[y G Ghs .1.
G/Nk eo T[gd/; r[o sph cb r[o f;Zy .
eo/ ikg g[fB :EkFefs f;o j'fJ r[ow[y .2.
nkfd ;u[ i[rkfd ;u[ jGh ;u[, BkBe j';h Gh ;u[ J/j[ gtVh c/o
gVQBh. puB j'fJnk J/e ;w gksFkjh d; L
f;o gT[VhnK wzsqK d/ J/j[ gT[Vh ubkD/ e/ ;w gVQ ;wkJ/ . ;qh r[o{
ih ;fsBkw[ ;fsr[o gq;kfd f;X . GkJh f;Zy ;kfjp f;zx . jw Gh :kd
r[owzsq eoB/ jK .
;fsr[o{ ufbs fdykfJnk d/j Xko e/ whs .
;G d/yK ;fsr[o ufbs f;wo nfjfB; ohs.
J/e pko ;fsr[o ejk wzsq izsq efb wkfj .
b'r eoIr/ irs wI w/ok f;Zy Bk ukfj .

J/e ;wI wzsoh pj[s xfo xfo pki pki .
ig[ sg[ fBjuk B oj eoj d/ys ;ki .
i;h r[o eh GktBk s;h rfs fJj[ Fefs .
FoB Gi' ;qh okw ih efb wI fBjuk w[efs .
tfjr[o{ fJj wzsq ig[ ;eb ;oIr/ ekw .
f;Zy r[o{ e/ fjs eoI fBs ;[tko nokw .
x'Vk nNek ubs jh pvk i[X fJe p/o .
;fsr[o p'b/ wdB f;zx \ x'Vk xkj nj/o .
d/ys fBe;k xk; ;'I gZmk swke{ ozu .
p'b/ ;fsr[o gkfjbh fJ; s/ oj' ;ze[u .
w/o' x'o/ xkj w/I d/y ;wko' f;Zy .
d[FN phi s[oeB eok fjzdh s'oh foy .
fjzd{ jbek w[es j si d[FN r[o tke .
ijK swke{ j"s j ;' y/sh Bkgke .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .92.
93
Gbe j{nk ;fsr[o ;Gk f;Zy ;zrs eh Gho .
jkE i'V ;Bw[y g[S/ w[bskBh f;Zy pho .1.
d'fJ Goks eT[ T[wrsk ysqh iks w[bskB .
gkV/ ;zrs ;[tB d' ej' swke{ ekB .2.
;qh ;fsr[o p'bs GJ/ w/oh pks gqshs .
;ezd ;zxsk fFt ejh eEk Gftys ohs .3.
;ezd g{Sk j/ sks ih \ irs i{m feT[I fBzd .
efbi[r e;/ toshJ/ fej feB ehB w[fBzd .4.
fFt efjBk ;[B g{s fjs iKeh uouk ikfj .
nx woyD s' ;[X wB S[j rzr ib BQkfJ .5.
ykts ig sg Bk; j'fJ wzsq fGqFN ehJ/ gkB .
y/sh wrjo ;w f}wh ;[X po;s/ ikB .6.

eEk ;[B' ;fsi[r BjhI s/qs; Bfj i[r d{i .
gKvt pz; B/wBkE fBqg gqik d[ykfJ no{i .7.
goik tko s{Nh ip d[ys GJ/ ;G b'r .
wb/S gho gFuw sp sk gfj rJ/ ;[ ;'r .8.
fsB w/b/ p[oekB fBqg pvk wb/SB oki .
sKe/ xo niw/o ;[s ;zrh gqik ;wki .9.
w[Bh o{g fdy wB{ d/;, rfJnk g[jeo/ wKM .
pB fFt rfjpo rtkb ni gkfJ y'i fJe ;KM .10.
T[B efjnk ;[fB ;kX ih w[fj ib gkso u'fJ .
gqrfN Bo w[fj efj T[mk wKr XofB i; j'fJ .11.
b/ sKe' sg eo sgk fJe fdB sjK niw/o .
g[oy tku r'w/X eh n"yfX s/ f;X s/o .12.
gFuw r'w/Xh XofB f;X ykb s/ fbnkfJ .
JhjK nkfB gqrN ehnk tXh wb/Sh dkfJ .13.
nikgkb okik GfJnk sKeh p/Nh ;[zv .
w[fB ;[s ihsk gkB s/ g{Sk gho ;w[zv .14.
r'w/Xk e e[zv s/ T[gih gkgB gks .
ig sg pqs ;ziw oj shoE cb ;p yks .15.
r' js:k ;w irs i{m gho niw/o fbnkfJ .1
fjzd d/; cbs ojh, efb eh n;h tkfJ .16.
g's/ E'w no eoB s/ j{nk swke{ fBzd .
wB w{os ;PfJFN s/, sK s/ sihJ/ g{s .17.
iK fdB nk:k phi fs;, fsnkr' G{ ;[o fgs .
;'Jh fdi e/;t ejk, ;ku fsnkr' fwsq .18.
sKs/ jw S'ok ;[Bk eok ;zrshI tofi .
eEk J/j[ toBB eoh, d'y ebzeh yoi .19.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .93.
94
;[B' f;Zy ww osB i' si' swke{ ;zr .

woB wo' s' nfs Gbk irs i{m Bfj nzr .1.
sfBe swke{ ;/thn d/t fgsq si iKfj .
gkBh sKe/ jkE ek wdok ;w j[fJ nkfj . 2.
wdok djsk ;Zs e[b Gzr dj sB J/e .
;Zm e[b dfjsk irs i{m fBzdk dj nB/e .3.
si swke{ wB[y efb T[Xfonk dfo gotkB .
g{oh goh fs; GktBk ;cb ewkJh wkB .4.
Fk;sq ªnyki:«:k ejI ej ng/:k wd .
fBzdk eo fJj[ BhuBh g[oy ;zr fJj[ e[p[fX .5.
x'Vh uVQBk ysoh ek fpgq uVQ i' pb .
x'V/ uV/ ;zfBn;s2 i', Bkoh g[oy B y/b .6.
gzfvs JhoytkB i' gZS F{do p'bfj ftgq .
okik j' tZYh bJ/ frnkBh ws;o3 fygq .7.
ezfBnk ikoh fpoX ekw pj[ Bkoh go ;zr .
fpnKj dkw d/ yothoi b/ pb Bg[z;e gzr .8.
X/B[ bkd got;sq b T[fS;N G'r e[b ohs .
iht ihtek ngjo u[rbh s'o gqhs .9.
fXqr ihtB fJj gkg j fJBfj ;Por ejK ekb .
f;de S'o r[opuB js d'y nDrD/ Gkb .10.
d; eowB e/ ;kb;h ek:k wB no[ pku .
uko poB wI ;kX i' iw rqfj ikfJ Bk ;ku .11.
fjz;k go fsq:, go dop shB si fJj d/j .
p[ok B fust nkB ek n;s t:;s Bfj e/j .12.
go Bkoh fuzsk si/, shB wk; ;h fsnkr .
g[oy n;E ;bkxk BjhI nfos[wzd si tkr .13.
ghS G{bk pyFhJ/ ;dk eo/ fdqVQ w{VQ .
efjBh fJj ofjBh f;de r[o BkBe pyFh r{VQ .14.
Bkw igs dw ;kXBk f;Zy jwkok ;'fJ .
soB T[gkt s" fJj[ ej{z vpB efj B e'fJ .15.
;wsk Bwsk pzesk f;de ;kpsh iKfj .
;' w/ok fBs fwbB e' sB wB ;'I fs; nkfj .16.

woB ek ;fj;k Bjh ihtB bhbQk Bkw .
;Gh d[y ;z;es wI w'j fprkok ekw .17.
yKjd/ eh T[gwk p[oh, p[oh y[Fkws Bhs .
p[ok pj[s p'bB[ nfXe p[ok gopsh whs .18.
Bkw B S'o F;sq fjs f;Zy ;wkbk j'fJ .
y[Zis soe B ehihJ/, w/oh ej B ;'fJ .19.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .94.
95
J/e p/o f;yB no}, r[o{ ejh i' J/j[ .
;e/;h iNk i{N E/ shB i[rB bfr G/fJ .1.
efbi[r fpgq ;kX iB w[zvB gzE rqzE .
eo ;[Bkt gqik e' fenk ehBk wfB wzE .2.
;fsr[o p'b/ BzdokfJ fdi ;G ehB nXhB .
Ssqh wko/ okw1 ;G, wzz[v/ gzfvs ehB .3.
dzv ehnk w/oh ;jh F{dq Skg Eh w[zv .
s/i;Ph ws fpgq j'fJ w'jB wko/ e[zv .4.
wb/SB nkXk w[zv f;Zy fsq w[zvh efo nkB .
ngBh fvtYh ehB sp ir w F{dq ekB .5.
XB bhBk uhBk BjhI wd ek g{ok d/j[ .
sK fdB vos/ nkBs/ dhB g'EhnK s/j .6.
u'o mr e/ ekoB/, pzXB ;zrb ehB .
fsT[I fBy/X ftfX ;/teB Boe ;[or fpfX JhB .7.
fiB ikBk fsB ikfBnk pj[sk fenk pepkd .
eoBh tkbk so rfJnk v{pk peB/ bkr .8.
;rfb JhFsk frnkB eh Grfs oki eh wzv .
fpeKo ;fjs goik ;eb ftg[b2 d[y eow ezv .9.
btB d/j sjK eow Ek ;[gB d/j ejK eow .
pqjwk e/ ejK eow E/ d/j pzX tg[ Xow .10.
shoE ig sg[ dZyBk B/w ;ziw no[ dkB .

toB nk;qw fJj[ t/d ftfX ouk fpXksk EkB .11.
wB e' wB fJzdqnfB fJzdq wfs wfs ;'I nB[okr .
Jh; iht eh G/dsk w{oy jhn ojh bkr .12.
;kfjp f;zx s{z ikfB np jw dPs Bjh fdq;.
;fsr[o do;B cb j{nk, gkfJ o{g jhn ;o; .13.
;[B' eEk np dZyDh ;kyh tosh ntfo .
;kyh gzi ;" r[o eEh, sp j}{o efj e[zto .14.
;" ;kyh jw e' j[ew[ ;" ekpbh wZb .
w[bskBh ;{o/ dJh oshJ/ g{op GZb .
;" nkrohJ/ ;{os f;zx, dJh pyF eo nkg .
dZyD p; GkDk eok, ;[D' r[o{ eh Ekfg .15.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .95.
96
dZyD iKd/ r[o rJ/ dkd{ d[tko ;zp{j .
Xo/ ewkB fbbko 1 wI f;Zy fp;w J/ j{j .1.
;kyh johJ/ j;B e/ f;ZX pskJh w[M .
J/e nzr'Sk fJj dhnk okw e[zto dJh s[M .2.
M[e/ j;/ sp ykb;/ g{Sk fJj fposzs .
f;Zy fgnk;/ puB e/ np g{Ss/ wzs .3.
s[wok efjBk f;Zy e" wVQh w;kD B wkB .
nkg[ nG[b i' G[b go/ fJj[ nuzGk ikB .4.
jZ; p'b/ gqG{ d:kb ih jw sBykjh j/s[ .
r[o{ ykb;k ;'fJ r[o{ fJj[ pkDh ;ze/s .5.
gKu ;" eh G/N d/ gqG ih f;Zy sBykfj .
jw dhBh i' d/fJ Bfj fs;eh gz{ih ;[nkj .6.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .96.
97

;[Bh pjkdo pkdFkj fJe fdB p{Mk J/j[ .
fjzd{ Xow ekuk nfXe, wkBj[ Ghs fby d/j .1.
ib ;hIu pfvnB ejK ;okX nkr fxqs w/b .
sp p'b GrtkB r[o, fjzd{ eow ;[i/b .2.
;/tk eo feq;kB cb[ ;/tk cb[ d/ X/B .
;tk cb[ d/ G{gsh, ;[nkwh ;/te d/B .3.
Xo fXnkB fdb wKM ;G fusts efo j ekw .
i/ fby g{ik d/j b/ ;/te ;/tk Gkw .4.
nk;fs Bk;fs d' ou/ fpX B ;[ofs ;wkB .
nk;fs s/ fjzd{ GJ/ Bk;fs w[;bwkB .5.
s[woh nk;k o'r eh fjzd{ fBo[i gSkB .
ykts o'rh ekw fpB[ fjzd{ feos fwjokB .6.
iV ;hIu i' fpqS eh cb b[BhJ/ f;o sk; .
fsT[I G{ f;zuI ftgq to cb b/ts nkekF .7.
s[wok wfs ekuk nXe epo g{is/ fBs .
ej' g{i Bkfj d/s feTI[ w[y ejB j' nfws .8.
J/e gZS jwo fty eo eokt BKfj .
sT[ Gh fdqVQ Gqw BjhI eosk ghqs ;jkfJ .
s[w pzdk j'fJ pzdrh ekj/ eos/ o'} .
d/yk ;[Bk B oZp s[w eo' fBtk}hnk y'i .10.
iKek o{g Bk EKt Bfj J/e nbkj[ ejzs .
do{d fBtk} f;id/ fe; o'}k wZek wjzs .11.
i' efjBK s' fjo; feT[I eoBh feqs iwkb .
T[so jwok pkdFkfj \ fdb, ;wM' ;[ ewkb .12.
pv/ gho grzpoK do{d ckfJsk w[;bwkB .
shB fsqt/b/ fjzd{ e/ d'B' si ;wkB .13.
ykb;k shik jw eok d'B' M{m/ S'o .
J/e nekb nrzw w[fj eEk ykb;/ s'o .14.
np iBwk ip itK j'fJ s'o/ wVQh w;k.
d/tb p[s co/Fsh S'v eo fBdkB .15.
s[wok pkg fpd/; p; bhBk sw fBgq ikfB .

ghS/ you B G/id/ Bk j'tB go/FkB .16.
s[wok fpyou dorkj jI jwok you w[pkj .
fgdo s[wkok dhB j[fJ b/fJ ;[ nk; dorkj .17.
fpyou r[bkwh eos jI fpyou u'o mr wko .
fpyou jko G[gfs w[;, wkfJBk fJj F[wko .18.
rfJnk fbyk n}wfs eoh no}h fbyh nXhB .
edw gb';h pj[s gho s[woh ;/tk uhB .19.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .97.
98
J/e ;w ;[s gIv ;[s1 eoh ;bkw fdtkB .
bVek nDdkVQh fgyk g{Sk nkg gSkB .1.
e"B wod e;/ ntB[ e"B s[wkok Bkw .
nktB ej[ e;/ j{nk ej' ;fs ;[m Xkw .2.
sp p'fb bVe/ ejk gIdkykB ww dkd .
;dk yK ww fgdo Ek wI Bksh r[b yKd .3.
r[o{ gho s[w ikfB e wkfJ f;yk:' w[M .
do;B eok iwkb fdb j'fJ nkfrnk s[M .4.
p'b/ ;fsr[o ;wMe nkt' s[w jh o'} .
pk}h y/bfjI gqhs eh i' ikBs jh y'i .5.
gKu w[jo pyFh sp gkfJ o[}hBk rzw .
fdb joyk fpbyh2 rJh ;j;k gkfJB Bw .6.
fBs nkfJ r[o d/B fBs gKu o[gJhJ/ fus .
J/e fdB ;fsr[o wzsq efjnk p[fX fdqVQ fjs .7.
gqhs nkdo pj[sk eo ejk ykb;/ y'o .
w[;b i' toh ykb;/ s[wo/ puB nw'o .8.
j; p'b/ fJe ekw j, ikBj[r/ s[w f;Zy .
iKek dkdk ;{owk, ;fsr[o oky' fgy .9.
sp pvkJh izr eh yIu ;wF/o .
eo[Dk n;h wfB t;h bVek Gbk ;[w/o .10.

J/e fdBk d' f;Zy E/ p;fjz gkbh Ffjo .
iwXo3 i[r G/Nk eoh, ndG[s iw eh efjo .11.
y[Fh b/fJ v/o/ rJ/ u"IgV y/b pBkfJ .
pm/ ghS/ gbzx go sKe' dhB fpmkfJ .12.
fBs ej E/ y/b wI pdbk toh b/fJ .
dkfJ br B"eo j[t fi; fe; fpfX ;[X b/fJ .13.
wkfJ g{Sh fsfB tofink sk fdB r[o efj J/j[ .
pkg fg;o pdbk eo, jZe T[so ;/fJ .14.
p'b/, F;sq jfE j'fJ, toh fwb fJezs .
tko B eo fs; E{e w[y bkBQs iht fBzs .15.
efj efj eo uy whu e ;ks pko fJj pB .
b/fJ jkfE d/ts fs; g/qos nkg ;[yB .16.
sph eNkoh fjod/ dJh pko shB eo bhB .
fJsB/ wI p'b fs; tko gmkDh ehB .17.
wkfonk g[sq gmkB ek nkg oZfSnk ehB .
bZyk f;zx sotko ;'I, ;h; i[dk eo dhB .18.
p'b/-w[;bwkb eh nB spkoh f;Zy .
ykts iKek ekr ;w fs;h p[okJh fby .19.
;[Bh ;rb fjzd{ w[;b, bkBQs dhB gmkB .
;[Bh pjkdo Fkfj sp G/i/ pd ;[ikB .20.
fdB gzdoK br Njb efo }yw NKfe y[F ehB .
b/fJ fpfdnk XB wkb b, fdZbh e/ t;ehB .21.
BQkfJ ;[ BkfJ ;wkb efo y[Fh ykb;/ wkB .
sp J/e fdB dhgwkb ehBh Gbh ;[ wkB .22.
szp{ J/e brkfJnk dhBh eBks uT[c/o .
b'e nkfJB iw fJe c/o Bk M[e e[t/o .23.
fJe fdB rrfB dwfenk T[so/ g[oy w;kb .
gKfJ gos fuZmh fbyh ;fsr[o pkuh ukb .24.
nZyo fby/ T[wok tbh ejI b'r r[ow[fy .
rJ/ jtkBh pks eo Bfj ikBh feB f;Zy .25.
iwd{shnk fdB d/fJ Bo nkfB gj{u nzs .

g{S ewkBK d[fJ d/fJ ub/ ;wkBh ;zs .26.
ghS b/fJ ewkB d[fJ yIus y'bQ/ xkt .
f;yB g{Sk nkg efj, gkg g[zB eh gkt .27.
ubB fsnkoh eo' np ekb ;B/jk nkfJ .
T[B ;fsr[o BkBe r[o{ pkpk fXnkfJnk fus .
pkpk eh nkfrnk fJjh, fuZmh Xoh ;[ fws .29.
gVQh fuZmh ;kfjp f;zx dkB f;zx ;[y eko .
gKu xVh ;fsr[o bJh, e/;B phu ;tko .30.
fJj d;ys f;o ;zr jh nrfB phu w[fj nzfr .
efj efj pkXk ;G eok, GkDk eok pBkfJ .
;kXB i'r ;wkfX e/, ;fji/ ;kX/ gkfJ .32.
shi us[oEh okfy sB gzuwh ejh fsfE ikB .
;G ;wkB ir p/d ek p[b fjzd{ w;bwkB .33.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .98.
99
j{Jh fGnkB 1 dfo GhV pv f;Zy d{o e/ ;zr .
fjzd{ w[;bwkB e/ ;[ydkJh ;opzr .1.
nk;qw Xkoh ;eb i[fo fwb/ fwbkJ/ gqhs .
nzs pko e[;k fsb f}wh pms puB ;[ohs .2.
jfo jfo iB d'T{ J/e jI fpp fpuko eS[ Bkfj .
ib s/ T[gi sozr fiTI[ ib jh fpy ;wkfj .3.
gKu d'fjo/ gqG{ ej/ Grts gzesh nzs .
g/y go go; BjhI e"Ise pvk wjzs .4.
gVQ ig[ g[fB nodk; eo ewo e;hU eNko .
eod ewkB s[czr Fefs ;eb/ bhB ;tko .5.
Be/ w'o tg[ N/e fNe fXnkB fsqe[Nh ;kfX .
S'v d/j fBnko/ GJ/, G'rh eKu 2 T[gkfX .6.

;[Bk rrB r{zis G:k i i ;[orB wKM .
jkjk jk j{ b'rB eok o"bh j's ;wKM .7.
nrfB uzdB fxqs w/b:' n"yfX nro nB/e .
;[X ;BkB gN p;B F[G F;sq ;zr ojk J/e .8.
eod d/yh JhIXB G;w x'Vk ojk B e[wd .
;G b'rB ikfBnk ;jh, b rfJnk T[wd .9.
beVh b/nkts e'T{ joy ;'r ;w ikB .
dhnk ;zdFk nkg sfp x'Vk gjz[uk nkfB .10.
GfJnk gqekF nBzs nfs fs; mto[ ;[G bZS .
;G ikBk ;kuk r[o{ brV/ ny nbZy .11.
f;yB gzvs nkfB e ;'Yh nbto e'fN .
feqnk eow ;ebh eoh, ;[X d/j r:k ;[ b'e .12.
n;h eEk w[fj gKu p/o ;[Bh f;Zy w[y nkg .
sK T[dk;h j;B e/ d/y ejh w[jbkg .13.
fJe fdB oksh po; r' Fzek eo wB yhB .
p'b/ ;fsr[o[ do; d/ fby ;kyh gqphB .14.
jwoh ;[B s{ ;kfjp f;zx SkfJnk d/y fFeko .
puB ejk gkb ;dk ;[gBk fusts ;ko .15.
nfjwdFkj nkt ip jw p[bkt d/t .
;fsr[o doFB gkfJr' sp cbrh ;/t .16.
nzs ubkDk okw feq;B, fpFB[ ;zeo ;G d/t .
d; ntskoh d; r[o{, ub;h G{gfs ;/t .17.
;kyh ;" fJe T{B eh ejh f;Zy ;[o frnkB .
;kyh J/e ;fsr[o oyh, BD/ j/s[ ;[ikB .18.
jwok f;Zy ;' j't;h Xowe'N e/ phu .
fs; gqshs e ekoB ;fsr[o do;B yhu .19.
;[D gVQ fus bkfJe ;wM gqhs gqshfs .
G[rfs w[efs ;fsr[o{ dhJ/ cb wB'oE whs .20.
;fs okw ;fsr[o XzB, ;fs ;/teh ikB .
jwoh ;kyh ;[D gVQ fby gSkVh wkB .21.
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .99.

100
;'omk- ;kfjp f;zx ;[ jZE, fbyhJ/ okw e[zto eh .
ubB ;w eh eE, BD/ e/ fYr ;wMe .1.
;'omk sKs Xfo fbyk, ;fsr[o w/o/ nkfg .
nzs ;w/I jT[I Bkfj Ek, ;[gB/ ejk ;[wkg .2.
nfjwd nk:k ekpbh rJ/ b'r ;G ;b .
GkDk eoB/ j/s[ sp, Xow e'N b rb .3.
jT[I fenk ej{z pBkfJ, BD/ d/yh ;[Bh w[fj .
;'Jh fbyh frDkfJ, r[ouoBhI wB bkfJ wI .4.
u"gJh
frbik vo j{nk gzikp . Xow e'N b/ rJ/ ;wki .
nZtb ;hs pj[s fdB ojk . b'rB sp gfJnkBk bjk .
;Gh b'r sp ;[oy w[y bkb . okwg[o/ gj[zu/ ;[G ekb .
BD/ uoB geV sp oky/ . ;/te ws sihU nfGbky/ .
oy BB e/ ;zr y[Fkb . ;/tk eos poy r:' ekb .
;/tk pj[s eoh fYr ;/t . puB eok j{nk ;' d/t
izp{ G{gfs pKXk bkj'o . ;'Jh S[vktk BD/ G'o .
puB ehnk BD/ B/ wKrk . fJj gou' ;GfjB e" bkrk .
poy nYkJh d/jh okyh . BD/ ;zrs fdY wB eKyh .
ejK eE'I pj[ ufos ;wkb . rfs ejh GiB ohs fp;kb .
fwm/ gho eh r'FfN eEh . ;kJhI b'e eh nEtk oEh .
fwmk g{S/ ;fs okwdk; . fjzd{ gho Gij[ e; ok; .
ejk sp ;[nk;B eh ohs . nB[Gt ir fBs eh ohfs .
;[sfj fus tk;B ib ikfJ . oj tk;Bk w{b B ikfJ .
pzXB nk;B fdqVQ wB fBopk; . j't wB ;fji gd gk; .
BD/ g{Sk ;kyh ;[y ezd . fej fpX ehBh r[o{ r'fpzd .
okw e[zto sp ejh ;[BkfJ . ;fsr[o eh rfs p{M pBkfJ .

izp{oki oDihs d/fj . fs;ek fgso-Bkw osB d/fJ .
;' efjb{oh d'jstkB . nkBzdg[o fwfbnk ;fsr[o nkfB .
pkbe Ek ;fsr[o wfB Gk:k . ;fsr[o ikfB fYr B/j[ iBk:k .
;ks po; ojk ;fsr[o gk; . r[o pyFh ;rbh ;[ ebk; .
`yVr eNkok poSh s[gek . ewkB bj"oh F;sq p[oek .
fsB b F;sq uoBh bkrk . g{Sk ;fsr[o ofjBh ikrk .
;fsr[o ejk F;sq s{ g{ok . Gho go ekoi Bfj T{ok.
d/tI do; F;sq eo wkB . iK g{ik s{ eoj[ gqtkB .
s[wo/ pz; nkfJnk jh ikB" . w'e' s[M wI G/d B GkB' .
BDk ;' s[w d/yh nkg . np izp{ wI Njb ;wkg .
B{og[o oki nkfrnk dhBh . ;p eN'uB wkoB uhBh .
bJh T[mkfJ poSh r[o dks . ;B eN'uh ubh w[jks .
fBs eVkjk g{ik eo . tkfjr[o{ cs/ w[yTI[ T[uo .
oki/ fJe fdB g{Sk sks/ . doFB w{J/ j's few ;Ks' .
T{go oks wfjb fBqg okyk . nzdo fGnkB g{ik eo ;kyk .
oky fpy/oh nzrB phu . ;p fdybkJh g{ik yhIu .
g{ik eo eVkj gq;kfd . dhnk G{g to gkfJB ;[nkd .
cs/ p[bkfJ T[mk ip osB . pkb itkB okik j{nk wrB .
J/j n;tko nkg j mKY/ . ub/ fFeko w[M fJTI[ eKY/ .
jK ih ejh G{g BjhI wzsq . Bfj gqshs nkJh fBqg nzsq .
pkjo oky n;P gd d/y . ft;w: Fzek rJh ft;/y .
rJ/ fFeko osB d/T[ tk fdB . ;[J/ okfs r[o doFfB efj feB
s/o/ pz; nkt'Irk sK fdB . F;sq ikfJzr/ s[ws/ wo feB .
;' s' g{ik eos oig{s . BDk fJj ;kyh ;[G ;{s .
jwo/ nrkVh ejh fsB nkg . fwFo BokfJD j[ewh Ekg .
w[fj s/ ojh fpgq e' g{Sh . np jw ubfjz fsnkoh ;{Sh .
efj eo w'B fXnkB rfj ;fsr[o . sih d/j ikfJ gj[zu/ ;[o
g[fo.;kfjp f;zx ;[B w/oh pks . fwFo BokfJD fwb/ ;[jks .
izp{ wI e"Vk wb rq/j . oj BokfJD ;fsr[o B/j[ .
fsB ph ejh fJ;h fpX GJh . jw pfVnB ;'I ;[Bh fsT[I bjh .
osB d/fJ eh d/yh nKy . ub' g{ShJ/ ;fsr[o ;ky .

BD/ J/e o[gJhnk b/ fwbk . fw;o bkuhnK d/ ob fybk .
shB' gq/w gqtkjh GJ/ . g[oy gq/w t; d/t fBowJ/ .
wk; J/e br eEk ubkJh . wkB' wrjfo rzr ubkJh .
osB ejk r[o ih ej'I s'fj . ;fsr[o r'd pmk:' w'fj .
p'b-n;k ;wK fJe nkt . jw s[w ;G fwb eko ewkt .
sk fdB fBoy'I ;[B' fgnko/ . gqhs eoh T[wr wB ;ko/ .
ftdk b/fJ jw xo wI nkJ/ . fJj ;kyh fJe jw Gh gkJ/ .
;kfjp f;zx fby oky fbykoh . r[o{ f;Zy Bfj G/d fGykoh .
d'jok
fbyhnK ;kyh gq/w i[s d/fy g{fS fbyhnzfs .
gVQ ;[B i' f;Zy f;de ;' cb gkfJ wjzs .
uoB gqhfs w[fj dhihJ/ efonj[ nzs ;jkfJ .
nkfd nzs ;fsr[o gqG{ s[wok i; oj:k rkfJ .
GkD/ wI sB jh sik ;kfjp f;zx r[o Grs .
fJj d'jk gkS fbyk fwFo BokfJD oes .
XzB r[o{ XzB f;Zy f;de jw izp{ oj ikfJ .
f;o ekN/ d' f;Zy e/ v[roB r[o{ w[ykfJ .
d/y fpoesh sp GJ/ okyk tg[ sfj ekb .
pk; eok xo ykb;/ gqhs r[o{ jhn ;kb .
Bk fpgq xo gzvsK eS{ BjhI Gkt w'fj .
fiB pyFk jw pv/ e' ;' r[o{ wB ww j'j .
;zps ;sok ;j; Ek nZ;h J/e ;[Gk; .
;kfjp f;zx fby ;kyhnK, g'Eh eoh ifrnk; .
ghS ;kyh nzs eh fbyh ;zps fJeh; .
uko d'jo/ fco fby/ dk; BokfJD oh; .
iBw[ iBw[ j"I ikfuj'I fpgq r[o[B ;'I J/j[ .
j[ewBkwk pfvnB dhnk dk; GkfJ w[M d/j[ .
iBw wKrj[ J/e tko, ifj e[b s[woh ;/t .
Bkso[ j"I gkgh e[bh, fsqD pB ;zsB b/t .
Gb' br' r[o gzE ww f;de s[wko/ jkE .

;zsfs Bkoh jw e[bh oky' ;p eo wkE .
jfo jfo w[y ;'I p'bhJ/ p'b tkfjr[o{ wzs .
T{u Bhu e[b iBw Bk iKs v[b' B ;zs .
;kyh g{oh j'Jh . p'bj[ GkJh ih tkfjr[o{ .100.
- fJsh -