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Notes to pages 133–147
Politics of the National-Socialist German Workers Party) in Nürnberg, September 3,
1933. In Adolf Hitler, Reden zur Kunst- und Kulturpolitik 1933–1939 (Frankfurt:
Revolver-Verlag, 2004), pp. 44–45.
2. Ibid., p. 52.
3. Ibid., p. 47.
4. Adolf Hitler, “Kein Volk lebt länger als Dokumente seiner Kultur,” presentation to
the Kulturtagung des Parteistags der NSDAP (Conference on the Cultural Politics of the
National-Socialist German Workers Party) in Nürnberg, September 11, 1935. In Hitler,
Reden zur Kunst, p. 83.
5. Adolf Hitler, “Kunst verpflichtet zur Wehrhaftigkeit,” presentation to the Kultur -
tagung des Parteitags (Conference on the Cultural Politics of the National-Socialist
German Workers Party) in Nürnberg, September 8, 1934. In Hitler, Reden zur Kunst,
p. 75.
6. Adolf Hitler, “Die grosse Kulturrede des Führers,” presentation to the Kulturtagung
des Parteistags der NSDAP (Conference on the Cultural Politics of the National-Socialist
German Workers Party) in Nürnberg, September 7, 1937. In Hitler, Reden zur Kunst,
p. 145.
Educating the Masses: Socialist Realist Art
1. Kazimir Malevich, “On the Museum” (1919), Essays on Art, vol. 1 (New York: George
Wittenberg, 1971), pp. 68–72.
2. Yakov Tugendkhol’d, Iskusstvo oktiabr’skoi epokhi (Leningrad, 1930), p. 4.
3. Andrei A. Zhdanov, Essays on Literature, Philosophy, and Music (New York, 1950),
pp. 88–89, 96.
4. Quoted in N. Dmitrieva, “Das Problem des Typischen in der bildenden Kunst und
Literatur,” Kunst und Literatur, no. 1 (1953): p. 100.
5. Boris Ioganson, “O merakh uluchsheniia uchebno-metodicheskoi raboty v uchebnykh
zavedeniiakh Akademii Khudozhestv SSSR,” Sessii Akademii Khudozhestv SSSR. Pervaia i
vtoraia sessiia (1949): 101–103.
6. Clement Greenberg, Collected Essays and Criticism, vol. 1 (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1986), pp. 17ff.
7. On the relationship between the Russian avant-garde and Socialist Realism, see
Boris Groys, The Total Art of Stalinism: Avant-Garde, Aesthetic Dictatorship, and Beyond
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992).