(EGM) Foreign Direct Investment in Southeast Asia - Unido

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The realignment of structural factors in the roles of MNEs, international small and medium sized enterprises (ISMEs) in global manufacturing and services present considerable policy challenges to policy-makers in developing countries. The EGM and this report are intended to deliver assistance in identifying suitable responses and solutions to these challenges. 8
Introduction The Changing Face of Foreign Direct Investment The important role played by foreign direct investment (FDI) in economic growth and development is widely accepted. UNIDO’s own analyses of industrial organisation, and the determinants of competitive industrial performance, identify FDI as a key driver of a country’s capacity to trade. Not surprisingly, therefore, developing countries’ industrial plans commonly seek to attract FDI inflows, and the countries of Southeast Asia have proven to be leading exponents in this regard. On average, South and East Asia attracted 7% of annual global FDI flows in the 1980s and just under 15% in the 1990s. This contrasts markedly with Sub-Saharan Africa, which attracted just 1.2% and 0.8% in the same periods, respectively. While the total global flows of FDI tend to vary each year, up and down, one constant is the asymmetry of FDI distribution, with some regions and countries faring much better than others in attracting and hosting foreign investment projects (see Appendix V). Another feature of FDI activity is its steadily increasing complexity, thanks in part to technological and communication advances, and the reduction in various regulatory and other barriers to cross-country investment and trade [UNIDO (2005)]. Market liberalisation is one driver of FDI flows, as is financial liberalisation, permitting capital to flow more easily across the globe. This is evidenced by advances in sourcing and outsourcing, and the global integration of production, marketing and servicing networks as inter- connected systems that can be distributed right around the world. All these different activities are pinned together by MNEs through their strategic -- and increasingly dynamic and fluid -- relationships with affiliates, subsidiaries and suppliers. Indeed, over time, we are seeing the production and other business activities of MNEs being increasingly finely ‘sliced and diced’ into smaller and smaller constituent elements, and then reconfigured, so as to gain competitive advantage from economies of scale and economies of scope [Bartels and Pass (2000)]. 9
Page 3: Foreign Direct Investment in Southe
Page 6 and 7: Abbreviations and Acronyms ADB Asia
Page 8 and 9: thinkers and writers on FDI and mat
Page 12 and 13: Recent years have seen increasing c
Page 14 and 15: overlap according to production pro
Page 16 and 17: enchmark rankings should be one aim
Page 18 and 19: Theme 2 FDI and National Experience
Page 20 and 21: ‘pipeline’ of harmonising legis
Page 22 and 23: major determinant of success. This
Page 24 and 25: and viii) general foreign investor
Page 26 and 27: Investment policy craft -- creating
Page 28 and 29: policies, as they would treat forei
Page 30 and 31: It appears that the advantages and
Page 32 and 33: seeking to attract FDI? Examining t
Page 34 and 35: attractiveness of the region to inv
Page 36 and 37: Theme 4 FDI and the China Dimension
Page 38 and 39: greater regional collaboration, the
Page 40 and 41: The increasing significance of outs
Page 42 and 43: aise their own finance like any oth
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Page 46 and 47: The logistics of the UNIDO ITPO Del
Page 48 and 49: no longer be an appropriate indicat
Page 50 and 51: FDI lens. Consequently, some IPAs h
Page 52 and 53: Select References Bartels F.L. and
Page 54 and 55: Annex 2: Participants at the EGM Co
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Page 58 and 59: 12.30-14.0 Lunch Plenary Discussion
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Appendix II: Opening Statement by t
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Appendix III: Opening Statement by
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and practitioners in other developi
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The themes of the EGM have been car
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Appendix V: EGM Working Paper EF Un
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ABSTRACT This working paper discuss
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In recent years, we have seen incre
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usiness domestically (improving int
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intra-industry trade, which account
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The agglomeration of markets and di
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These patterns are characterised by
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etween locations and maximises the
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ecome insiders and thus avoid being
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(iv) Those that relate to the “pu
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their indicators 50 of industrial p
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evolve more rapidly to account for
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changing morphology of MNEs with a
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92 Appendix I - Doing Business in A
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94 Appendix II - ASEAN Investment C
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96 Appendix III - Ranking of Econom
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Buckley P. J., Carter M. J., 2004,
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McKinsey & Company, 2003, New Horiz
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