The Sabbatean Prophets

188 Notes to Pages 38–43
Influences in Jewish Sectarianism,” in Saperstein, Essential Papers, ch. 5, originally
published as part of a larger study in Jewish Quarterly Review n.s. 1 (1910–
11, 2 [1911–12], and 3 [1912–13]).
175. See Ahmet T. Karamustafa, God’s Unruly Friends: Dervish Groups in the Islamic
Later Middle Period, 1200–1550 (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1994),
esp. chs. 2, 6, 7.
2. Messianism and Prophecy
1. See Harris Lenowitz, The Jewish Messiahs, from the Galilee to Crown Heights (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1998), chs. 2–4; Aescoly, Jewish Messianic Movements,
chs. 1–5; Idel, Messianic Mystics, chs. 1–2.
2. See Abba Hillel Silver, A History of Messianic Speculation in Israel, from the First
through the Seventeenth Centuries (New York: Macmillan, 1927; reprint, Gloucester,
Mass.: Peter Smith, 1978).
3. See Gerson D. Cohen, “Messianic Postures of Ashkenazim and Sephardim,” in
Saperstein, Essential Papers, ch. 8 (originally published in Cohen, Studies in the
Variety of Rabbinic Cultures [Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1991]),
202–33; Elisheva Carlebach, “Between History and Hope: Jewish Messianism
in Ashkenaz and Sepharad”(third annual Victor J. Selmanowitz Chair of Jewish
History lecture, Touro College, 1998).
4. See Gershom G. Scholem, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism (New York:
Schocken, 1941), chs. 7–8.
5. See Idel, Messianic Mystics, ch. 4; Idel, “Introduction” to Aescoly, Jewish Messianic
Movements; Ruderman, “Hope Against Hope.”
6. See Jonathan I. Israel, European Jewry in the Age of Mercantilism, 3rd ed. (Oxford:
Littman Library, 1998), chs. 1–3.
7. See Aron Rodrigue, “The Sephardim of the Ottoman Empire,” in Spain and the
Jews: The Sephardi Experience 1492 and After, ed. E. Kedourie (London: Thames
and Hudson, 1992), 162.
8. See, e.g., Ruderman, “Hope Against Hope.” The autobiography of R. Hayyim
Vital from two generations before Shabbatai is full of information concerning
the great kabbalist’s discussions with Muslims on messianism, prophecy, and
other topics. See Vital, “Book of Visions,” in Jewish Mystical Autobiographies:
Book of Visions and Book of Secrets, trans., ed., and introduced by M. M. Faierstein
(New York: Paulist Press, 1999), passim.
9. See Idel, Messianic Mystics, ch. 4, esp. 145 and notes; and the more extensive
discussion of these matters in Chapter 2 below.
10. On Abarbanel’s messianism, see Netanyahu, Don Isaac Abravanel, ch. 4. For a
critique, see Lawee, “The Messianism of Isaac Abarbanel.”
11. See Idel, Messianic Mystics, 132–35 and notes; Ira Robinson, “Abraham ben
Eliezer Halevi: Kabbalist and Messianic Visionary of the Early Sixteenth Century”
(Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1980).
12. See Ma’amar Mashre Kitrin, ed. G. G. Scholem and M. Beit-Arié [Hebrew] (Je-