The Sabbatean Prophets

Notes to Pages 112–117 203
67. See Spinoza’s Earliest Publication, ed. R. H. Popkin and M. Signer.
68. Mack, Visionary Women, 169.
69. Scholem, Sabbatai àevi, 418–20.
70. See Ronald A. Knox, Enthusiasm: A Chapter in the History of Religion (Notre
Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1994), 356–57.
71. Ibid., 358.
72. Ibid., 361.
73. Ibid., 360. On the Camisard prophets, their travels, and their influence, see
Garrett, Origins of the Shakers; Schwartz, The French Prophets.
74. Knox, Enthusiasm, 376–78.
75. Ibid., 377. Similar convulsions were occurring at the same time among
Jansenists in Holland. I am grateful to Douglas Palmer for this information.
76. See William A. Christian, Jr., Apparitions in Late Medieval and Renaissance Spain
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981).
77. See, e.g., Miriam Bodian, Hebrews of the Portuguese Nation: Conversos and Community
in Early Modern Amsterdam (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997),
40–42, where we learn of an apparition seen in Portugal by a relative of Isaac
Pinto telling him to revert to Judaism. Several more famous and “mainstream”
cases of converso visionaries are discussed in Catherine Swietlicki, Spanish Christian
Cabala: The Works of Luis de León, Santa Teresa de Jesús, and San Juan de la Cruz
(Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 1986.)
78. See in particular the excellent analysis of gender and “discernment” issues in
Voaden, God’s Words.
79. See Lea, Chapters, 215–16.
80. Surtz, Guitar of God, 64.
81. See Haliczer, Between Exaltation and Infamy.
82. Lea, Chapters, 220.
83. Ibid., 223.
84. There is a vast literature on possession, but see for example Erika Bourguignon,
Possession (San Francisco: Chandler & Sharp, 1976); I. M. Lewis, Ecstatic
Religion: A Study of Shamanism and Spirit Possession, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge,
1989); Case Studies in Spirit Possession, ed. V. Crapanzano and V. Garrison (New
York: Wiley, 1977); Mary Keller, The Hammer and the Flute: Women, Power and
Spirit Possession (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001).
85. This point is made cogently by D. P. Walker, Unclean Spirits: Possession and Exorcism
in France and England in the Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981).
86. See Witch-Hunting in Seventeenth-Century New England, ed. D. D. Hall (Boston:
Northeastern University Press, 1991), 205, 208–11 (xenoglossia, physical and
mental feats); Henry Charles Lea, Materials Toward a History of Witchcraft, vol. 3,
ed. A. C. Howland (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1957), 1040 (mental feats);
Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, 477–92; Francesco Maria Guazzo, Compendium
Maleficarum—The Montague Summers Edition (New York: Dover, 1988),
167–69.
87. Jean Michel Oughourlian, The Puppet of Desire: The Psychology of Hysteria, Posses-