Index 219 Reformation, Protestant, 13, 15, 25 Reform Judaism, 163, 168 Remembrance for the Children of Israel, A (Baruch ben Gershon), 60 Renaissance, 9, 13, 23, 94; astrology in, 25; humanist textual analysis in, 28; voyages of discovery during, 30 Reshit Hokhmah (R. Elijah de Vidas), 70 “Restauration of the Jews” pamphlet, 152– 153 Reubeni, David, 38, 43–44 Reuchlin, Johannes, 13 Ricaut, Paul, 151 Ricci, Immanuel Hai, 167 Robinson, George, 112 Rofe, R. Meir, 165 Romaniote Jews, 2, 108 Rome, city of, 38 Rosenkreutz, Christian, 22, 23 Rosenroth, Christian Knorr von, 87 Rosicrucian movement, 17, 21–22, 23, 26, 150; ancient knowledge and, 56–57; appeal to ancient mystical tradition, 86 Rovigo, R. Abraham, 165, 166 Royal Society, 26, 33, 154 Rycaut, Paul, 107 Sa’adia Gaon, 148 <strong>Sabbatean</strong> movement, 2, 8, 38; background of, 36, 44; Christian reports on, 151–161; doctrine of two messiahs and, 14; early prophets and possession outbreak, 104–118; genesis of, 7, 34; Jewish Enlightenment and, 168; Lurianic circle and, 69; R. Sasportas’s rejection of, 130– 151; scientific revolution and, 19; women in, 116. See also prophecy Sabbatical River, 30. See also Sambatyon River. Sack of Rome (1527), 14 Safavid dynasty, 36 Safed kabbalists, 44, 50, 54, 62, 68, 83; authenticity of prophecy and, 122; legacy of, 71; Lurianic legend and, 70; maggidism and, 64; Sefer ha-Meshiv and, 42. See also Kabbalah and kabbalism sages, 53 Saint-Médard, convulsionaries of, 110, 114–115, 160 Salonika, 5, 36, 42, 45, 119 salvation, 9, 11 Sambatyon River, 30, 31, 77, 80 Samson of Ostropol, R., 64 Samuel II, Book of, 65–66 Sanhedrin, 68 San Juan de la Cruz, 15 Santa Teresa de Jesús, 15 Sarah (third wife of Shabbatai Zvi), 55, 80, 89–97, 101; identity of, 109; prediction of marriage to messiah, 90, 91, 93, 94, 122; Shabbatai’s messiahship and, 129; tikkun (mystical repair) and, 54 Saravel, R. Moses. See Suriel, R. Moses Sasportas, R. Jacob, 52, 74, 75, 95, 104, 122; Kabbalah and, 167; as opponent of Shabbatai Zvi, 130–151; on Sarah, wife of Shabbatai Zvi, 90; Shabbatai Raphael and, 163–164 Satan, 68, 79, 96 Savonarola, Girolamo, 14 Schickard, Wilhelm, 32 Schneersohn, R. Menachem Mendel, 83 Scholem, Gershom, 8, 67–68, 127, 169; on historic role of antinomianism, 163, 168; on Jesus as Jewish figure, 87; on letter to Chelebi, 76, 81; on Lurianic kabbalism, 69–70; on “mystical heresy” of <strong>Sabbatean</strong> movement, 142–143, 145; on Sarah, wife of Shabbatai Zvi, 95 science, 7, 10, 13, 19–34, 88, 146 Scripture, Book of, 27 Sebastian, Dom (king of Portugal), 48 Second Coming (of Christ), 16, 18, 19, 22, 47; Christian differences concerning, 87; crusading spirit and, 28; health and, 26; Jews’ function in, 151, 154, 159; Kühlpsalter and, 128–129; thousand-year reign of Christ, 15. See also Jesus Christ Second Commandment, 1 Second Temple period, 41, 158 Sefer ha-Meshiv (Book of the Responder), 42, 53, 63, 67, 68, 79
220 Index Sefer Haredim (R. Azikri), 70 Sefer ha-Tamar, 63 Sefer Yetzirah (Book of Creation), 51–52 semikhah ordination, 68 Sephardic Jews, 2, 41, 43, 97, 108, 145 ser’asker, 35 Serrarius, Peter, 17, 33, 152, 155–157 Servetus, Michael, 15, 86 Sextus Empiricus, 27 sexuality, 3–5, 54 Sha’ar Ru’ah ha-Kodesh (R. Hayyim Vital), 64 Shabbatai Zvi, 23, 32, 55, 71; antinomianism of, 49, 72; astrological interpretations of name of, 26, 101; burn on penis, 72, 174n13; Christianity and, 79; conversion to Islam, 2, 6, 49, 101, 143, 162; denounced to the authorities, 161; dreams of, 4–5; father of, 111; journey to Turkey, 89, 103; lack of credentials, 51; life of, 1–3; marriages, 5; messiahship of, 76, 93, 112; mother of, 4–5; Nathan of Gaza’s prophecies concerning, 57–63, 72; opponents of, 118– 119, 130–131; possession outbreak and, 110, 120–121, 124; in post-apostasy prophecy, 164; relationship to women, 3–5, 9, 72; “Secret of Faith” of, 146; “strange actions” of, 53, 54, 143, 146; visit to the Cadi, 101–104; wives of, 54– 55, 80, 89–97 Shalom ben Joseph z”l, R., 135 Shalshelet ha-Kabbalah (R. Gedaliah ibn Yahya), 136–137 shamanism, 63 Shapira, R. Nathan, 17, 37 shari’ah (Islamic law), 39 she’elat halom (dream question), 150 Shefami, Moses, 105 Shekhinah (God’s feminine presence), 72, 126, 128, 148 Shene Luhot ha-Brit (Horowitz), 70 Shibhey ha-’ARI, 70 Shiite Muslims, 34, 35, 38–39 Shivhe ha-Besht, 85 Shulhan Arukh (R. Karo), 64, 66 Simeon bar Yohai, R., 52, 74, 125, 127, 135 Simon, Richard, 29 sin, 10, 11 skepticism, 27, 50, 146 Small Moonlight and Starlight of the Lusitanian Monarchy (Bocarro-Rosales), 48 Smith, Joseph, 73–74 Solomon, King (biblical), 79, 84 South America, 17, 29 Spain, 2, 7, 158; beatas in, 115, 118; conversos in, 46; expulsion of Jews from, 42, 43, 51, 63, 79; messianism in, 14, 15, 43 Spinoza, Baruch (Benedict), 29, 88, 145, 154, 169; Collegiants and, 17; as converso, 112, 132; Quakers and, 112 spiritualis intellectus, 11, 28 Sufi mysticism, 34, 35, 36, 116, 118; influence on <strong>Sabbatean</strong> movement, 110; maggidism compared to, 166; methods of, 62; self-induced visions and, 61; Wahhabi fundamentalism and, 170. See also Islam Suleiman, Sultan, 36 Sullam Ha-Aliyyah (Ladder of Ascent) (R. Judah Albotini), 61 Supino, R. Raphael, 104–105, 122, 133 Suriel, R. Moses, 52, 122, 124–129, 161, 166, 204n99 Swedenborg, Emanuel, 18 Ta’alumot Hokhmah (R. Delmedigo), 70 Talmud, 41, 51, 158; damnation of Jesus, 85; legal guidelines of, 134; Nathan of Gaza’s vision and, 58; as Oral Law, 74, 132, 144; Protestant scholars and, 86; “ways of the Amorites” and, 138, 206n28 Tammon, R. Abraham, daughter of, 106 Taytatzak, R. Joseph, 25, 42, 64; circle of, 67, 73, 117; maggidism and, 67, 68 Templo, Judah Leon, 157 Tetragrammaton, 1 Third Force, 27 Thirty Years’ War, 16, 26
- Page 2:
The Sabbatean Prophets
- Page 5 and 6:
Copyright © 2004 by the President
- Page 8:
Contents Preface ix Prologue 1 1 Me
- Page 11 and 12:
x Preface of Jewish mysticism, but,
- Page 13 and 14:
xii Preface into sleep. My daughter
- Page 16 and 17:
Prologue In the spring of 1665, Rab
- Page 18 and 19:
Prologue 3 academies), and in his e
- Page 20 and 21:
Prologue 5 who would always pursue
- Page 22 and 23:
Prologue 7 messiah, like the accept
- Page 24 and 25:
The Early Modern Context 9 liefs wa
- Page 26 and 27:
The Early Modern Context 11 curring
- Page 28 and 29:
The Early Modern Context 13 ment an
- Page 30 and 31:
The Early Modern Context 15 cess of
- Page 32 and 33:
The Early Modern Context 17 Nathani
- Page 34 and 35:
The Early Modern Context 19 faiths.
- Page 36 and 37:
The Early Modern Context 21 terpret
- Page 38 and 39:
The Early Modern Context 23 ing, so
- Page 40 and 41:
The Early Modern Context 25 mists,
- Page 42 and 43:
The Early Modern Context 27 Renewed
- Page 44 and 45:
The Early Modern Context 29 istence
- Page 46 and 47:
The Early Modern Context 31 fluenti
- Page 48 and 49:
The Early Modern Context 33 miah, a
- Page 50 and 51:
The Early Modern Context 35 than Je
- Page 52 and 53:
gatekeeper—the same office given
- Page 54 and 55:
The Early Modern Context 39 messian
- Page 56 and 57:
CHAPTER 2 Messianism and Prophecy i
- Page 58 and 59:
The Jewish Tradition 43 anic age. 1
- Page 60 and 61:
The Jewish Tradition 45 Converso Me
- Page 62 and 63:
The Jewish Tradition 47 messianic t
- Page 64 and 65:
The Jewish Tradition 49 ence on the
- Page 66 and 67:
The Jewish Tradition 51 balah broug
- Page 68 and 69:
The Jewish Tradition 53 was itself
- Page 70 and 71:
The Jewish Tradition 55 Sarah, like
- Page 72 and 73:
Nathan of Gaza 57 Each claimed to b
- Page 74 and 75:
Nathan of Gaza 59 prolonged fast [h
- Page 76 and 77:
Nathan of Gaza 61 who also appears
- Page 78 and 79:
Nathan of Gaza 63 In both Nathan’
- Page 80 and 81:
Nathan of Gaza 65 streets and house
- Page 82 and 83:
Nathan of Gaza 67 may his light shi
- Page 84 and 85:
Nathan of Gaza 69 riod in Safed. 43
- Page 86 and 87:
Nathan of Gaza 71 messianic pretend
- Page 88 and 89:
Nathan of Gaza 73 a member of the T
- Page 90 and 91:
Nathan of Gaza 75 jah and Joseph So
- Page 92 and 93:
Nathan of Gaza 77 without war, for
- Page 94 and 95:
Nathan of Gaza 79 coming the Sabbat
- Page 96 and 97:
Nathan of Gaza 81 the Land of Israe
- Page 98 and 99:
Nathan of Gaza 83 public prophecy o
- Page 100 and 101:
Nathan of Gaza 85 Shabbatai Zvi ...
- Page 102 and 103:
Nathan of Gaza 87 but the general i
- Page 104 and 105:
CHAPTER 4 From Mystical Vision to P
- Page 106 and 107:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 108 and 109:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 110 and 111:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 112 and 113:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 114 and 115:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 116 and 117:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 118 and 119:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 120 and 121:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 122 and 123:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 124 and 125:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 126 and 127:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 128 and 129:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 130 and 131:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 132 and 133:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 134 and 135:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 136 and 137:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 138 and 139:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 140 and 141:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 142 and 143:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 144 and 145:
From Mystical Vision to Prophetic E
- Page 146 and 147:
Opponents and Observers Respond 131
- Page 148 and 149:
Opponents and Observers Respond 133
- Page 150 and 151:
Opponents and Observers Respond 135
- Page 152 and 153:
Opponents and Observers Respond 137
- Page 154 and 155:
Opponents and Observers Respond 139
- Page 156 and 157:
Opponents and Observers Respond 141
- Page 158 and 159:
Opponents and Observers Respond 143
- Page 160 and 161:
Opponents and Observers Respond 145
- Page 162 and 163:
Opponents and Observers Respond 147
- Page 164 and 165:
Opponents and Observers Respond 149
- Page 166 and 167:
Opponents and Observers Respond 151
- Page 168 and 169:
Opponents and Observers Respond 153
- Page 170 and 171:
Opponents and Observers Respond 155
- Page 172 and 173:
Opponents and Observers Respond 157
- Page 174 and 175:
Opponents and Observers Respond 159
- Page 176 and 177:
Opponents and Observers Respond 161
- Page 178 and 179:
Prophecy after Shabbatai’s Aposta
- Page 180 and 181:
Prophecy after Shabbatai’s Aposta
- Page 182 and 183:
Prophecy after Shabbatai’s Aposta
- Page 184 and 185: Prophecy after Shabbatai’s Aposta
- Page 186: NOTES INDEX
- Page 189 and 190: 174 Notes to Pages 3-8 8. See Rapha
- Page 191 and 192: 176 Notes to Pages 12-14 Early Mode
- Page 193 and 194: 178 Notes to Pages 15-16 35. See Mi
- Page 195 and 196: 180 Notes to Pages 17-18 Eighteenth
- Page 197 and 198: 182 Notes to Pages 21-24 This Resti
- Page 199 and 200: 184 Notes to Pages 26-29 and Though
- Page 201 and 202: 186 Notes to Pages 33-36 First Two
- Page 203 and 204: 188 Notes to Pages 38-43 Influences
- Page 205 and 206: 190 Notes to Pages 46-49 Mysticism,
- Page 207 and 208: 192 Notes to Pages 59-62 duced and
- Page 209 and 210: 194 Notes to Pages 63-68 tors,” I
- Page 211 and 212: 196 Notes to Pages 72-73 to refer t
- Page 213 and 214: 198 Notes to Pages 79-85 in previou
- Page 215 and 216: 200 Notes to Pages 94-97 legend. Th
- Page 217 and 218: 202 Notes to Pages 105-112 45. Ziza
- Page 219 and 220: 204 Notes to Pages 117-130 sion, an
- Page 221 and 222: 206 Notes to Pages 137-140 22. Ibid
- Page 223 and 224: 208 Notes to Pages 147-153 71. Yosh
- Page 225 and 226: 210 Notes to Pages 167-170 Papers,
- Page 227 and 228: 212 Index astrology (continued) 100
- Page 229 and 230: 214 Index English Revolution, 16 En
- Page 231 and 232: 216 Index Judaism (continued) 157;
- Page 233: 218 Index Oral Law, 74, 132, 144, 1