The Science of Canoeing By Richard Cox

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Tyldesley, B. and Grieve, J.I. Muscles, Nerves and Movement (Oxford: Blackwells, 1989) (ii) Kinesiological Analysis of Canoeing Capousek, J and Bruggerman, P., Specific Evaluation of Strebgth. Comparative Electromyographic Investigation of Specific Strength Exercises and Specific Movements in in Kayaking, International Seminar on Kayak-Canoe Coaching and Science, Ghent, (November, 1989). Dwane, J. L., An Electromyographical Analysis and Comparison Between Kayaking Using 'Wing' Paddles and Kayaking Using an Ergometer, B.Sc. Dissertation, Crewe and Alsager College, 1990. Logan, S.M. and Holt, L.E., ' The Ratwater Kayak stroke' National Strength Conditioning Journal Vol 7, No. 5 (1985), pp. 4-10. Biomechanical Factors (i) General Broer, M.R., ' Efficiency of Human Movement' (London: Saunders, 1979),427pp. A good introduction to the basic laws which govern movement; the problems involved in movement activities and the ways of increasing efficiency. Hay, J., Biomechanics of Sports Techniques' (Englewood Cliffs,N J: Prentice Hall, 1985), 539pp. The biomechanical analysis of selected sports techniques. Although no specific references are made to canoeing technique it is useful as an illustration of how detailed analysis can be used to improve performance. Northrip, J.W.et.al., 'Introduction to Kiomechanical Analysis of Sport.' (Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C Brown, 1974). Watkins, J., ' An Introduction to the Mechanics of Human Movement' (Lancaster: MTP Press, 1983), 146pp. Introduction to fundamental mechanical concepts and principles which underlie the ability to analyse movement. Assumes no previous knowledge of mechanics. (ii) Biomechanics of Canoeing Ariel, G., 'Biomechanical Analysis of Kayaking' (Colorado Springs: The United States Olympic Committee, 1977).
Issourin, V., Biomechanical Aspects of Kayaking Related to Strength, Proceedings of the International Seminar on Kayak- Canoe Coaching and Sciene, Ghent, November, 1989. Lukanovich, L., 'The Kayak Technique' in the CoachesManual (Level III), (Ottawa, Canadian Canoe Association, 1982). Mann, R.V. and Kearney, J.T., 'A Biomechanical Analysis of the Olympic-Style Flatwater Kayak Stroke.' Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Vol.l2,No.3 (1980), pp. 183-188. Nolan, G.N. and Baks, B.T., 'A Biomechanical Analysis of the Effects of Two Paddle Types on Performance in North American Canoe Racing' Research Quarterly Vol. 53, (1982) pp. 50-57. Oka, H.etal., "The Dynamic Features of the Canadian Canoe Paddle' in H Matsui and K Kobayashi (Eds). Biomechanics VIH- B (Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics, 1983). Plagenhoef, S., Patterns of Human Motion - a Cinematographic Analysis.' (Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1971.) (pp. 129-138. Kayaking) Plagenhoef, S. 'Biomechanical Analysis of Olympic Flatwater Kayaking and Canoe ing'. Research Quarterly Vol.50, No.3, (1980), pp. 443-459. Acquiring/Teaching Technique Christina, R. W. and Caros, D. M., Coaches Guide to Teaching sports Skills, (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1988). Knapp, B., 'Skillin Sport: The Attainment of Proficiency' (London: R KP, 1964). (i) General Astrand, P.O.and Rodahl, K., 'Textbook of Work Physiology' (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986, 756pp. Brookes, G. A. and Fahey, T. D., 'Exercise Physiology: Human Biogenetics and it's Applications' (Chichester: John Wiley, 1984), 726pp.
Page 1 and 2:
1 The Science of Canoeing
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3 Published by Coxburn Press Copyri
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5 A Word about the Author Dr. Richa
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Preface The impetus for this book c
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athletics, rowing and swimming. Bil
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List of Figures 2.1 Factors Affecti
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7.11 Other Opportunities to Move Ah
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Acknowledgements Discussions with m
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Part A Introduction General introdu
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Introduction to Factors Affecting p
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An Introduction to Kinesiology The
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Figure 3.3: The Differences Between
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Trimming the canoe correctly is imp
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The canoeing technique utilises the
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Ball and socket joints allow a wide
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Control of the muscle fibres is by
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There are three types of muscle con
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symmetrical halves. Forward and bac
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Part B Factors Affecting Performanc
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(FromA.Toro,1986) (1) Here we shall
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(iii) View from Side 2. The Pull Ph
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Pushing too high with upper arm - o
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(iii) View From Side Coaching Tips:
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Table 4.1: Stroke Times and Percent
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The following tracings are taken fr
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Table 4.3: Paddle Positions and For
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Plagenhoef distinguishes between wh
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Neither paddler in figure 4.15 woul
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Acquiring Good Technique Teaching a
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Stretching exercises should be perf
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Research on canoeists confirms what
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Strength Training There are three b
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Because movement is involved and of
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73 Table 5.3: Movements and Muscle
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Joint Hip Knee Ankle Movement Abduc
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Ideally, subsequent loadings should
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Power Development For the developme
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Since it takes time for physiologic
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Table 5.6 Example of an strength En
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Table 5.12 Characteristics of Isome
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Energy Metabolism in the same way,
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of carbohydrate liberates 36 moles
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Table 5.14: Various Sports and Thei
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Since the demands of lactic trainin
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More sophisticated electronic devic
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The volume of oxygen that can be ab
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Oxygen Uptake The volume of oxygen
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Methods of Training Given that ener
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Table 5.15: Guidelines for Writing
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Cat and mouse is simply two or more
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weight each day. Although some athl
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Minerals Like vitamins, minerals ha
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and physically and produce a dehydr
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Post-Competition Since the most eff
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The Nervous System The nervous syst
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(I) A placebo causes an improvement
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haemoglobin and red (oxygen carryin
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Perhaps rather neglected in the lit
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Understanding motivation demands ca
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Personality is often the key to exp
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Intelligence Another important psyc
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Systematically relax different part
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and become more deeply involved. Th
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Tactical and Strategic Factors A Fe
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Knowing that they can then afford t
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eserves of muscle glycogen. If it i
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Fig 7.1 Off the Start (i) 1000m (ii
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If you get too far forward you will
Page 148 and 149: Figure 7.7 Figure Position This pos
Page 150 and 151: It takes considerable practice to b
Page 152 and 153: You should remember that as you app
Page 154 and 155: If you do wish to go for the lead a
Page 156 and 157: Environmental Factors We have alrea
Page 158 and 159: Other Factors There are undoubtedly
Page 160 and 161: female, will never make a successfu
Page 162 and 163: The extreme in mesomorphy is the cl
Page 164 and 165: Figure 9.4: C hart for Plotting Som
Page 166 and 167: Table 9.5 Descriptive Analysis for
Page 168 and 169: alance problem may place a high pri
Page 170 and 171: exceptionally light person can usua
Page 172 and 173: stroking and stop on the opposite s
Page 174 and 175: Since one has no choice over inheri
Page 176 and 177: Part C Planning, Administering and
Page 178 and 179: preparation before the main competi
Page 180 and 181: work. For the marathon paddler, the
Page 182 and 183: In the competition period, the grap
Page 184 and 185: phenomenon especially amongst marat
Page 186 and 187: Note that an endurance base is esta
Page 188 and 189: exercise lactic acid concentrations
Page 190 and 191: psychological manifest themselves o
Page 192 and 193: Men ((ml/kg/)min) Endurance Sports
Page 194 and 195: Canoeists often develop lower-back
Page 196 and 197: Phase 0 No pain or soreness Phase I
Page 200 and 201: Burke, E. J.(ed), 'Toward an Unders
Page 202 and 203: Heller, J. Euro, V. and Kuta, M., `
Page 204 and 205: Zuti, W., 'Heat Stress, Conditionin
Page 206 and 207: A guide to effective coping with in
Page 208 and 209: Appendix Seven Relaxation Technique
Page 210 and 211: Major Group 4 - THE LEGS AND FEET A
Page 212 and 213: Cue Words and Breathing You can tie
Page 214 and 215: Appendix VIII Pre-Competition Quest
Page 216 and 217: 2) Example of a weekly Micro-Cycle
Page 218 and 219: 6) Example of a 2 Week Micro-Cycle
Page 220 and 221: (4) Examples of O2 Sessions for Int
Page 222: On-the-water training sessions, ...
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