impact of latex and plant extract of and the recovery of latex toxicity ...

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Aquatlc an~mals have become lmponant as surrogate specles for tox~colog~cal testing
matenal that may have adverse b~ologlcal effect In man The fish mortal~ty IS largely
due to the penetration of pollutants Into the fi sh body affecting vanous organ systems
acutely or chronically causlng permanent damage and resulting In degraded growth
and lor populat~on deplet~on Pestlcldes vary In thelr chemlcal formulat~ons as well as
toxlc~ty, env~ronmental persistence and pathways of actlon
The presence of
pestlcldes In the aquatlc system can obv~ously lead to mult~fold lnteractlon w~th other
forms of pollut~on In Ind~a, scores of stud~es have been undertaken to estlmate the
acute toxlc~ty level of vanous pestlcldes on aquatlc fauna (Arora el aL,1971; Basak
and Konar 1977, Shorrna el aL,1979) Vanous b~opestlclde compounds affect almost
every physlolog~cal system They may act on the skln, In the d~gest~ve system, on the
blood, on the var~ous parts of the nervous system, on the metabolism, In the
nutntional value of food, and the hormonal and reproductive system of an~mals
Presence of these toxlc chemicals (pestlc~des, fung~cldes and fert~l~zers) In fresh
water med~a, may cause death or sublethal effects on the non-target oryanlsms 11ke
fish, rats etc (Bhanacharp,i985 ; Desai and Joshi,1985; Sashy and MaIik,1979;
Bergeri el aL,1984; Patole and Mahajan ,2006). In vlew of th~s there 1s a great
mntenslty for testlng the toxic~ty effects of commonly used pest~c~des on the
commerc~ally Important fishes to comprehens~vely w~thstand the effect of pestlclde
on fishes Hence ~t IS proposed to study the toxlc effects of Calotropis gigantea
(L )R Br latex , plant extract and ~ ts recovery w~th add~tlve nutnents
2.1 CaloIropis giganlea :
The specles of Calotroprs such as Calofroprs gigantea(L)R Br and Calotropts
procera belong to family Asclep~adaceae A genus of glabrous or hoary, latlc~ferous