impact of latex and plant extract of and the recovery of latex toxicity ...
impact of latex and plant extract of and the recovery of latex toxicity ...
impact of latex and plant extract of and the recovery of latex toxicity ...
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<strong>the</strong> primary gill lamellae. The primary gill lamellae consist <strong>of</strong> centrally placed rod<br />
like supporting axis with blood vessels on ei<strong>the</strong>r side.The secondary lamellae also<br />
termed as respiratory lamellae are highly vascularised <strong>and</strong> covered with a thin layer<br />
<strong>of</strong> epi<strong>the</strong>lial cells. The epi<strong>the</strong>lial layers <strong>of</strong> two sides are separated by pillar cells or<br />
pilaster cells. Blood vessels are extended into each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> secondary gill filaments.<br />
The blood cells <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> secondary gill lamellae have a single nucleus, which are<br />
flattened in appearance. The region between <strong>the</strong> two adjacent secondary gill lamellae<br />
is known as inter lamellar region. (Plate 3 <strong>and</strong> 4).<br />
Alterations in gill on exposure to sublethal concentrations<br />
Latex has induced marked pathological changes in fish gills. The changes include<br />
<strong>the</strong> bulging <strong>of</strong> tips <strong>of</strong> primary gill filaments. The secondary gill filaments lost <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
original shape <strong>and</strong> curling <strong>of</strong> secondary gill filaments was observed. The pillar cells<br />
nucleus showed necrosis <strong>and</strong> development <strong>of</strong> vacuoles in <strong>the</strong> secondary gills<br />
epi<strong>the</strong>lium. There is tendency <strong>of</strong> fusion <strong>of</strong> disorganized secondary lamellae were<br />
very much affected wirh loss <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> respiratory epi<strong>the</strong>!ium in TU2 as well as TU3.<br />
The arrangement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pillar cells was greatly disturbed. Necrosis were seen in TUI<br />
,TU2 <strong>and</strong> severe in TU3 in <strong>the</strong> lamellar region. At some places a fusion <strong>of</strong> adjacent<br />
gill lamellae was seen.A number <strong>of</strong> secondary gill lamellae were damaged in fish<br />
exposed to TU3. The pillar cell system also appeared to collapse. The pilaster<br />
columns were seen to be curled up <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir blood spaces were engorged with<br />
stagoant masses <strong>of</strong> blood in TU1 <strong>and</strong> TU3. Pools <strong>of</strong> congested blood were also<br />
visible within <strong>the</strong> sub-epi<strong>the</strong>lial spaces.The respiratory epi<strong>the</strong>lia were slightly<br />
swollen in <strong>the</strong> TU2 whereas it was ei<strong>the</strong>r swollen or lost in <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> TUI, <strong>and</strong> TU3<br />
exposed fish.Respiratory epi<strong>the</strong>lium was ruptured at different points ,so that <strong>the</strong><br />
capillaries were exposed to water <strong>and</strong> hemorrhage exudates could be seen at many<br />
places over <strong>the</strong> lamellar surface <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> branchial cavity in TU3.At <strong>the</strong> filament tip<br />
Iwge masses <strong>of</strong> glycoprotein clogs were noticed at several sites in <strong>the</strong> blood vessels<br />
<strong>of</strong> gills filaments <strong>and</strong> filament axis was also thrombosed.The spatial anangement had
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