DISSERTATION WORK MSAFIRI KABULWA.pdf
DISSERTATION WORK MSAFIRI KABULWA.pdf
DISSERTATION WORK MSAFIRI KABULWA.pdf
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15<br />
7. METHODOLOGY<br />
7.1. Study area<br />
The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam region, the largest commercial, industrial city and<br />
harbour of the United Republic of Tanzania. The city is cosmopolitan and culturally<br />
heterogeneous, with a mixture of culture and norms from about 120 tribes of Tanzania as well<br />
as Asian and European cultures. The heterogeneous culture in Dar es Salaam posses challenges<br />
in shaping the behaviour and habits of youths. Administratively, Dar es Salaam region is<br />
divided into three municipalities namely Temeke, Ilala and Kinondoni. The three<br />
municipalities are geographically located in such a way that each municipality radiates from<br />
the city centre to the outmost outskirts of the city. This may present variation in exposure to<br />
environmental factors that influence acquisition of adverse habits like tobacco use.<br />
7.2. Study design<br />
Cross-sectional descriptive study<br />
7.3. Study population<br />
Ordinary level secondary school students in Dar es Salaam region<br />
7.4. Sample size determination<br />
The sample size of 542 was calculated using the formula n=z² p (1-p)/ε 2 for determining sample<br />
size for estimating prevalence of diseases and conditions in populations; whereby, n= sample<br />
size; z = standardized deviation (z =1.96) for 95% confidence interval; p = proportion of<br />
adolescent smokers in Tanzania (p=6.0%) (Kaduri et al 2008); ε = marginal error = 0.02. To<br />
take care of the dilution effect of stratification during sampling procedure, a decision was made<br />
to double the calculated sample size to 1084.
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