Tab Electronics Guide to Understanding Electricity ... - Sciences Club

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3 CHAPTER The Transformer and AC Power Described briefly in Chapter 2, the term alternating current (abbreviated AC) refers to current flow that periodically changes direction. This condition is related to the periodic changes in the polarity of the applied voltage. Alternating voltage and current are very important because of a phenomenon known as transformer action. Transformer action enables the efficient transmission of large quantities of power over long distances. This is why all common household current is AC. Copyright 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.
82 Chapter Three AC Waveshapes AC voltages and currents can be thought of as having waveshapes. Waveshapes are the visual, or graphical, representations of AC voltage or current amplitudes (or levels) relating to time. Common household AC has a type of waveshape called sinusoidal (sine wave for short). An illustration of a sine wave is shown in Fig. 3-1. Note that it is similar to a circle that is split in half, and joined together at opposite ends on the zero reference line. The sine wave is the most common type of AC waveshape you will be working with in the electrical and electronics fields. Any repetitive, cyclic condition can be represented in the same manner as the illustration of the sine wave in Fig. 3-1. On the horizontal plane (that is, reading from left to right), a certain period of time is represented. On the vertical plane (from top to bottom), levels or amplitudes are indicated. The amplitudes above the zero reference usually denote positive variations, and the amplitudes below are usually negative. A cycle is defined as one complete periodic variation. In other words, if the illustration in Fig. 3-1 were to be carried out any further, it would begin to repeat itself. A half-cycle is either the positive half, or the negative half of a full cycle. Notice how the positive half-cycle would be identical to the negative half-cycle if it were to be turned upside down. AC Frequency The speed or rate at which an AC voltage or current waveform repeats itself is called its frequency. Frequency is measured in units called hertz, Figure 3-1 One cycle of a sinusoidal (sine) AC waveshape. 1/2 Cycle 0 Reference Time 1 Cycle
Page 2 and 3:
TAB ELECTRONICS GUIDE TO UNDERSTAND
Page 4 and 5:
TAB Electronics Guide to Understand
Page 6 and 7:
To my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ
Page 8 and 9:
CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments xv
Page 10 and 11:
Contents ix Chapter 5. Capacitance
Page 12 and 13:
Contents xi The Triac 287 Unijuncti
Page 14 and 15:
Contents xiii Low-Pass Filters 380
Page 16 and 17:
PREFACE When I was 10 years old, I
Page 18 and 19:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to tha
Page 20 and 21:
1 CHAPTER Getting Started As the ol
Page 22 and 23:
Getting Started 3 tiny parts that t
Page 24 and 25:
Getting Started 5 Obtaining the Inf
Page 26 and 27:
Getting Started 7 to get them! A li
Page 28 and 29:
Getting Started 9 The Workbench A g
Page 30 and 31:
Getting Started 11 potential destru
Page 32 and 33:
Getting Started 13 be ideal for sta
Page 34 and 35:
Getting Started 15 Figure 1-5 A ver
Page 36 and 37:
Getting Started 17 should look like
Page 38 and 39:
Getting Started 19 fascinating hobb
Page 40 and 41:
Getting Started 21 zines (often cal
Page 42 and 43:
Getting Started 23 capacitors are p
Page 44 and 45:
Getting Started 25 mail-order surpl
Page 46 and 47:
2 CHAPTER Basic Electrical Concepts
Page 48 and 49:
Basic Electrical Concepts 29 types
Page 50 and 51: Basic Electrical Concepts 31 recogn
Page 52 and 53: Basic Electrical Concepts 33 Figure
Page 58 and 59: Basic Electrical Concepts 39 the co
Page 60 and 61: Basic Electrical Concepts 41 Voltag
Page 62 and 63: Basic Electrical Concepts 43 potent
Page 64 and 65: Basic Electrical Concepts 45 relati
Page 66 and 67: Basic Electrical Concepts Figure 2-
Page 68 and 69: Basic Electrical Concepts 49 and th
Page 70 and 71: Basic Electrical Concepts 51 vide t
Page 72 and 73: Basic Electrical Concepts 53 G (R3)
Page 74 and 75: Basic Electrical Concepts 55 presen
Page 76 and 77: Basic Electrical Concepts Figure 2-
Page 78 and 79: Basic Electrical Concepts power dis
Page 80 and 81: Basic Electrical Concepts 61 This i
Page 84 and 85: Basic Electrical Concepts relate to
Page 86 and 87: Basic Electrical Concepts 67 Exerci
Page 88 and 89: Basic Electrical Concepts that the
Page 92 and 93: Basic Electrical Concepts 73 nonsta
Page 94 and 95: Basic Electrical Concepts 75 the re
Page 98 and 99: Basic Electrical Concepts 79 Exerci
Page 102 and 103: The Transformer and AC Power 83 whi
Page 104 and 105: The Transformer and AC Power 85 Thi
Page 106 and 107: The Transformer and AC Power 87 Pea
Page 108 and 109: The Transformer and AC Power 89 cau
Page 110 and 111: The Transformer and AC Power consta
Page 112 and 113: The Transformer and AC Power 93 vir
Page 114 and 115: The Transformer and AC Power 95 fie
Page 116 and 117: The Transformer and AC Power 97 P
Page 118 and 119: The Transformer and AC Power 99 the
Page 120 and 121: The Transformer and AC Power 101 th
Page 122 and 123: The Transformer and AC Power 103 ho
Page 124 and 125: The Transformer and AC Power 105 Fi
Page 126 and 127: The Transformer and AC Power 107 ed
Page 128 and 129: The Transformer and AC Power 109 pr
Page 130 and 131: The Transformer and AC Power 111 pl
Page 132 and 133: The Transformer and AC Power 113 Tu
Page 134 and 135: 4 CHAPTER Rectification Earlier in
Page 136 and 137: Rectification 117 rus of rattling a
Page 138 and 139: Rectification 119 Figure 4-3 Diode
Page 140 and 141: Rectification 121 Figure 4-4 Half-w
Page 142 and 143: Rectification 123 Figure 4-7 Curren
Page 144 and 145: Rectification 125 Figure 4-8 Curren
Page 146 and 147: Rectification 127 Figure 4-12 Redra
Page 148 and 149: Rectification 129 Be aware that som
Page 150 and 151:
Rectification 131 Hopefully, F1 did
Page 152 and 153:
5 CHAPTER Capacitance A capacitor i
Page 154 and 155:
Capacitance 135 Ceramic is the most
Page 156 and 157:
Capacitance 137 charged, when the s
Page 158 and 159:
Capacitance 139 In reference to cap
Page 160 and 161:
+ Capacitance 141 Figure 5-3 A DC f
Page 162 and 163:
+ Capacitance 143 Figure 5-4 Full-w
Page 164 and 165:
Capacitance 145 from the bridge rec
Page 166 and 167:
Capacitance but it is usually prude
Page 168 and 169:
Capacitance 149 Figure 5-7 Approxim
Page 170 and 171:
Capacitance 151 Many of the more ex
Page 172 and 173:
6 CHAPTER Transistors Before gettin
Page 174 and 175:
Transistors 155 Telephone Laborator
Page 176 and 177:
Transistors 157 higher positive pot
Page 178 and 179:
Transistors 159 reference, the emit
Page 180 and 181:
Transistors 161 Adding Some New Con
Page 182 and 183:
+ Transistors 163 Figure 6-3 Practi
Page 184 and 185:
Transistors 165 is typically a high
Page 186 and 187:
+ Transistors Figure 6-5 illustrate
Page 188 and 189:
Transistors 169 Figure 6-6 Demonstr
Page 190 and 191:
Transistors 171 Figure 6-7b PNP tra
Page 192 and 193:
Transistors (which is the emitter v
Page 194 and 195:
Transistors 175 The transistor circ
Page 196 and 197:
Transistors 177 Again referring to
Page 198 and 199:
Transistors 179 will be very stable
Page 200 and 201:
Transistors 181 Imagine you were go
Page 202 and 203:
Transistors transfer of a voltage s
Page 204 and 205:
Transistors may recall from Chapter
Page 206 and 207:
Transistors 187 base current flow p
Page 208 and 209:
Transistors 189 is connected to its
Page 210 and 211:
Transistors 191 soon as some amount
Page 212 and 213:
Transistors 193 As you have seen, t
Page 214 and 215:
Transistors 195 It might be a littl
Page 216 and 217:
Transistors 197 Figure 6-12 Suggest
Page 218 and 219:
Transistors 199 If a load is placed
Page 220 and 221:
7 CHAPTER Special-Purpose Diodes an
Page 222 and 223:
Special-Purpose Diodes and Optoelec
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
+ Special-Purpose Diodes and Optoel
Page 248 and 249:
8 CHAPTER Linear Electronic Circuit
Page 250 and 251:
Linear Electronic Circuits 231 Figu
Page 252 and 253:
Linear Electronic Circuits 233 appl
Page 254 and 255:
Linear Electronic Circuits 235 circ
Page 256 and 257:
Linear Electronic Circuits 237 “a
Page 258 and 259:
Linear Electronic Circuits 239 Dist
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Linear Electronic Circuits 243 To u
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Linear Electronic Circuits 249 will
Page 270 and 271:
Linear Electronic Circuits 251 all
Page 272 and 273:
Linear Electronic Circuits 253 manu
Page 274 and 275:
Linear Electronic Circuits 255 minu
Page 276 and 277:
Linear Electronic Circuits 257 tion
Page 278 and 279:
Linear Electronic Circuits 259 CAD
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Linear Electronic Circuits 263 Cons
Page 284 and 285:
Linear Electronic Circuits 265 anyt
Page 286 and 287:
Linear Electronic Circuits 267 lead
Page 288 and 289:
Linear Electronic Circuits 269 Note
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Linear Electronic Circuits 273 TABL
Page 294 and 295:
Linear Electronic Circuits 275 desi
Page 296 and 297:
Linear Electronic Circuits 277 nal-
Page 298 and 299:
Linear Electronic Circuits 279 DC).
Page 300 and 301:
Linear Electronic Circuits 281 ply
Page 302 and 303:
9 CHAPTER Power Control The term th
Page 304 and 305:
Power Control 285 matically be reve
Page 306 and 307:
Power Control equal in both. Theref
Page 308 and 309:
Power Control 289 V p ) is reached.
Page 310 and 311:
Power Control 291 There are several
Page 312 and 313:
Power Control 293 decrease in resis
Page 314 and 315:
Power Control 295 As explained earl
Page 316 and 317:
Power Control 297 Figure 9-9 Buffer
Page 318 and 319:
Power Control 299 Figure 9-10 A sim
Page 320 and 321:
10 CHAPTER Field-Effect Transistors
Page 322 and 323:
Field-Effect Transistors 303 Referr
Page 324 and 325:
Field-Effect Transistors 305 voltag
Page 326 and 327:
Field-Effect Transistors 307 Static
Page 328 and 329:
Field-Effect Transistors 309 Figure
Page 330 and 331:
Field-Effect Transistors 311 functi
Page 332 and 333:
Field-Effect Transistors 313 Sounds
Page 334 and 335:
Field-Effect Transistors 315 A UJT
Page 336 and 337:
11 CHAPTER Batteries Because many h
Page 338 and 339:
Batteries 319 Gelled electrolyte ba
Page 340 and 341:
Batteries 321 in which mandatory di
Page 342 and 343:
Batteries 323 RS1 is set to the pos
Page 344 and 345:
12 CHAPTER Integrated Circuits The
Page 346 and 347:
Integrated Circuits 327 mon-mode re
Page 348 and 349:
Integrated Circuits 329 not be depe
Page 350 and 351:
Integrated Circuits 331 Improvement
Page 352 and 353:
Integrated Circuits 333 Figure 12-3
Page 354 and 355:
Integrated Circuits 335 Figure 12-6
Page 356 and 357:
Integrated Circuits 337 other filte
Page 358 and 359:
Integrated Circuits 339 This circui
Page 360 and 361:
Integrated Circuits 341 connected d
Page 362 and 363:
13 CHAPTER Digital Electronics Digi
Page 364 and 365:
Digital Electronics 345 The binary
Page 366 and 367:
Digital Electronics 347 occur on th
Page 368 and 369:
Digital Electronics 349 Multivibrat
Page 370 and 371:
Digital Electronics 351 F-F1 will t
Page 372 and 373:
Digital Electronics 353 Figure 13-6
Page 374 and 375:
Digital Electronics 355 Summary Man
Page 376 and 377:
Digital Electronics 357 IC2 is a CM
Page 378 and 379:
Digital Electronics 359 Figure 13-1
Page 380 and 381:
14 CHAPTER Computers In today’s w
Page 382 and 383:
Computers 363 Figure 14-1 Block dia
Page 384 and 385:
Computers 365 memory. Then, during
Page 386 and 387:
Computers 367 When an I/O port “s
Page 388 and 389:
Computers 369 with real analysis eq
Page 390 and 391:
15 CHAPTER More About Capacitors an
Page 392 and 393:
More About Capacitors and Inductors
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
16 CHAPTER Radio and Television Rad
Page 426 and 427:
Radio and Television 407 Figure 16-
Page 428 and 429:
Radio and Television 409 length. At
Page 430 and 431:
Radio and Television 411 the RF spe
Page 432 and 433:
Radio and Television 413 tude varia
Page 434 and 435:
Radio and Television 415 Figure 16-
Page 436 and 437:
APPENDIX A SYMBOLS AND EQUATIONS Th
Page 438 and 439:
Symbols and Equations 419 IF Interm
Page 440 and 441:
Symbols and Equations 421 rcvr Rece
Page 442 and 443:
Symbols and Equations 423 Formulas
Page 444 and 445:
Symbols and Equations 425 I 20 log
Page 446 and 447:
Symbols and Equations Meter formula
Page 448 and 449:
Symbols and Equations 429 Resistanc
Page 450:
Symbols and Equations 431 Temperatu
Page 453 and 454:
434 Appendix B Electronic Kit Suppl
Page 455 and 456:
436 Appendix B Marlin P. Jones & As
Page 457 and 458:
This page intentionally left blank.
Page 459 and 460:
440 Appendix C Figure C-1 (cont.) 1
Page 461 and 462:
This page intentionally left blank.
Page 463 and 464:
444 Index Amplifiers, audio (Cont.)
Page 465 and 466:
446 Index Capacitance and capacitor
Page 467 and 468:
448 Index Digital ICs, 326 Digital
Page 469 and 470:
450 Index Filters (Cont.): Percussi
Page 471 and 472:
452 Index Lab for electronics work,
Page 473 and 474:
454 Index Photographic method for p
Page 475 and 476:
456 Index Resist ink in printed cir
Page 477 and 478:
458 Index Transformers (Cont.): Iso
Page 479:
ABOUT THE AUTHOR G. Randy Slone is
show all

Tab Electronics Guide to Understanding Electricity ... - Sciences Club

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?