Tab Electronics Guide to Understanding Electricity ... - Sciences Club

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Rectification 125 Figure 4-8 Current flow through a center-tapped transformer full-wave rectifier. D1 D2 R L *Darkened diodes are forward biased D1 D2 R L Figure 4-9 Applied 60-hertz AC waveshape compared to the 120-hertz pulsating DC output of a full-wave rectifier. 1 Cycle Transformer secondary output 0 60 Hz 1 Cycle Negative half-cycle turned upside-down 0 120 Hz pulsating dc Full-wave rectified dc across R L circuit as shown in Fig. 4-8, but with two additional diodes incorporated. Referring to Fig. 4-8, the top diagram illustrates how the upper half of the secondary output is applied to R load , while the lower half of the secondary output is blocked by D2. The reverse occurs in the lower diagram. In both cases, half of the secondary output is not used.
126 Chapter Four Figure 4-10 Two leads of a center-tapped transformer 180 degrees out of phase when ct is used as the reference. 180° Out of phase Center-tapped reference Figure 4-11 Dual-voltage rectification circuit. D1 Bridge rectifier module D3 R 1 D2 D4 R 2 The circuit in Fig. 4-12 utilizes this unused portion of the secondary output to form another DC output of the opposite polarity. This can be more easily understood by referring back to Figs. 4-11 and 4-8. Figure 4-12 is exactly the same circuit (with the same component labeling) as illustrated in Fig. 4-11. Compare Fig. 4-12 with Fig. 4-8. Notice how the positive fullwave rectification section of Fig. 4-12 is identical to the circuit illustrated in Fig. 4-8. The circuit of Fig. 4-12 incorporates two additional diodes (D4 and D2) to form another full-wave output from the unused half-cycles. Because of the orientation of the diodes, it will be negative in respect to the circuit common. Dual-polarity power supplies are very common because of their extensive use in operational amplifier and audio circuits; both of which will be discussed later in this book. As in the case of the centertapped full-wave rectifier circuit of Fig. 4-8, the voltages across R1 and R2 will be only half of the amplitude of the secondary rating. Referencing By now, you might be beginning to appreciate the importance of waveshapes in the electrical and electronics fields. All of the waveshapes
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TAB ELECTRONICS GUIDE TO UNDERSTAND
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TAB Electronics Guide to Understand
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To my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ
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CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments xv
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Contents ix Chapter 5. Capacitance
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Contents xi The Triac 287 Unijuncti
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Contents xiii Low-Pass Filters 380
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PREFACE When I was 10 years old, I
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to tha
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1 CHAPTER Getting Started As the ol
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Getting Started 3 tiny parts that t
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Getting Started 5 Obtaining the Inf
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Getting Started 7 to get them! A li
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Getting Started 9 The Workbench A g
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Getting Started 11 potential destru
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Getting Started 13 be ideal for sta
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Getting Started 15 Figure 1-5 A ver
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Getting Started 17 should look like
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Getting Started 19 fascinating hobb
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Getting Started 21 zines (often cal
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Getting Started 23 capacitors are p
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Getting Started 25 mail-order surpl
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2 CHAPTER Basic Electrical Concepts
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Basic Electrical Concepts 29 types
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Basic Electrical Concepts 31 recogn
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Basic Electrical Concepts 33 Figure
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Basic Electrical Concepts 39 the co
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Basic Electrical Concepts 41 Voltag
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Basic Electrical Concepts 43 potent
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Basic Electrical Concepts 45 relati
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Basic Electrical Concepts Figure 2-
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Basic Electrical Concepts 49 and th
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Basic Electrical Concepts 51 vide t
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Basic Electrical Concepts 53 G (R3)
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Basic Electrical Concepts 55 presen
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Basic Electrical Concepts Figure 2-
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Basic Electrical Concepts power dis
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Basic Electrical Concepts 61 This i
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Basic Electrical Concepts relate to
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Basic Electrical Concepts 67 Exerci
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Basic Electrical Concepts that the
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Basic Electrical Concepts 73 nonsta
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Page 100 and 101: 3 CHAPTER The Transformer and AC Po
Page 102 and 103: The Transformer and AC Power 83 whi
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Page 106 and 107: The Transformer and AC Power 87 Pea
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Page 110 and 111: The Transformer and AC Power consta
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Page 116 and 117: The Transformer and AC Power 97 P
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Page 120 and 121: The Transformer and AC Power 101 th
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Page 124 and 125: The Transformer and AC Power 105 Fi
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Page 128 and 129: The Transformer and AC Power 109 pr
Page 130 and 131: The Transformer and AC Power 111 pl
Page 132 and 133: The Transformer and AC Power 113 Tu
Page 134 and 135: 4 CHAPTER Rectification Earlier in
Page 136 and 137: Rectification 117 rus of rattling a
Page 138 and 139: Rectification 119 Figure 4-3 Diode
Page 140 and 141: Rectification 121 Figure 4-4 Half-w
Page 142 and 143: Rectification 123 Figure 4-7 Curren
Page 146 and 147: Rectification 127 Figure 4-12 Redra
Page 148 and 149: Rectification 129 Be aware that som
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Page 152 and 153: 5 CHAPTER Capacitance A capacitor i
Page 154 and 155: Capacitance 135 Ceramic is the most
Page 156 and 157: Capacitance 137 charged, when the s
Page 158 and 159: Capacitance 139 In reference to cap
Page 160 and 161: + Capacitance 141 Figure 5-3 A DC f
Page 162 and 163: + Capacitance 143 Figure 5-4 Full-w
Page 164 and 165: Capacitance 145 from the bridge rec
Page 166 and 167: Capacitance but it is usually prude
Page 168 and 169: Capacitance 149 Figure 5-7 Approxim
Page 170 and 171: Capacitance 151 Many of the more ex
Page 172 and 173: 6 CHAPTER Transistors Before gettin
Page 174 and 175: Transistors 155 Telephone Laborator
Page 176 and 177: Transistors 157 higher positive pot
Page 178 and 179: Transistors 159 reference, the emit
Page 180 and 181: Transistors 161 Adding Some New Con
Page 182 and 183: + Transistors 163 Figure 6-3 Practi
Page 184 and 185: Transistors 165 is typically a high
Page 186 and 187: + Transistors Figure 6-5 illustrate
Page 188 and 189: Transistors 169 Figure 6-6 Demonstr
Page 190 and 191: Transistors 171 Figure 6-7b PNP tra
Page 192 and 193: Transistors (which is the emitter v
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Transistors 175 The transistor circ
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Transistors 177 Again referring to
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Transistors 179 will be very stable
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Transistors 181 Imagine you were go
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Transistors transfer of a voltage s
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Transistors may recall from Chapter
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Transistors 187 base current flow p
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Transistors 189 is connected to its
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Transistors 191 soon as some amount
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Transistors 193 As you have seen, t
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Transistors 195 It might be a littl
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Transistors 197 Figure 6-12 Suggest
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Transistors 199 If a load is placed
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7 CHAPTER Special-Purpose Diodes an
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Special-Purpose Diodes and Optoelec
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+ Special-Purpose Diodes and Optoel
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8 CHAPTER Linear Electronic Circuit
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Linear Electronic Circuits 231 Figu
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Linear Electronic Circuits 233 appl
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Linear Electronic Circuits 235 circ
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Linear Electronic Circuits 237 “a
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Linear Electronic Circuits 239 Dist
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Linear Electronic Circuits 243 To u
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Linear Electronic Circuits 249 will
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Linear Electronic Circuits 251 all
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Linear Electronic Circuits 253 manu
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Linear Electronic Circuits 255 minu
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Linear Electronic Circuits 257 tion
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Linear Electronic Circuits 259 CAD
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Linear Electronic Circuits 263 Cons
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Linear Electronic Circuits 265 anyt
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Linear Electronic Circuits 267 lead
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Linear Electronic Circuits 269 Note
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Linear Electronic Circuits 273 TABL
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Linear Electronic Circuits 275 desi
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Linear Electronic Circuits 277 nal-
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Linear Electronic Circuits 279 DC).
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Linear Electronic Circuits 281 ply
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9 CHAPTER Power Control The term th
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Power Control 285 matically be reve
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Power Control equal in both. Theref
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Power Control 289 V p ) is reached.
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Power Control 291 There are several
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Power Control 293 decrease in resis
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Power Control 295 As explained earl
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Power Control 297 Figure 9-9 Buffer
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Power Control 299 Figure 9-10 A sim
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10 CHAPTER Field-Effect Transistors
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Field-Effect Transistors 303 Referr
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Field-Effect Transistors 305 voltag
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Field-Effect Transistors 307 Static
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Field-Effect Transistors 309 Figure
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Field-Effect Transistors 311 functi
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Field-Effect Transistors 313 Sounds
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Field-Effect Transistors 315 A UJT
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11 CHAPTER Batteries Because many h
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Batteries 319 Gelled electrolyte ba
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Batteries 321 in which mandatory di
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Batteries 323 RS1 is set to the pos
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12 CHAPTER Integrated Circuits The
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Integrated Circuits 327 mon-mode re
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Integrated Circuits 329 not be depe
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Integrated Circuits 331 Improvement
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Integrated Circuits 333 Figure 12-3
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Integrated Circuits 335 Figure 12-6
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Integrated Circuits 337 other filte
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Integrated Circuits 339 This circui
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Integrated Circuits 341 connected d
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13 CHAPTER Digital Electronics Digi
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Digital Electronics 345 The binary
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Digital Electronics 347 occur on th
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Digital Electronics 349 Multivibrat
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Digital Electronics 351 F-F1 will t
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Digital Electronics 353 Figure 13-6
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Digital Electronics 355 Summary Man
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Digital Electronics 357 IC2 is a CM
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Digital Electronics 359 Figure 13-1
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14 CHAPTER Computers In today’s w
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Computers 363 Figure 14-1 Block dia
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Computers 365 memory. Then, during
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Computers 367 When an I/O port “s
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Computers 369 with real analysis eq
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15 CHAPTER More About Capacitors an
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More About Capacitors and Inductors
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16 CHAPTER Radio and Television Rad
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Radio and Television 407 Figure 16-
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Radio and Television 409 length. At
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Radio and Television 411 the RF spe
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Radio and Television 413 tude varia
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Radio and Television 415 Figure 16-
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APPENDIX A SYMBOLS AND EQUATIONS Th
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Symbols and Equations 419 IF Interm
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Symbols and Equations 421 rcvr Rece
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Symbols and Equations 423 Formulas
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Symbols and Equations 425 I 20 log
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Symbols and Equations Meter formula
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Symbols and Equations 429 Resistanc
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Symbols and Equations 431 Temperatu
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434 Appendix B Electronic Kit Suppl
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436 Appendix B Marlin P. Jones & As
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440 Appendix C Figure C-1 (cont.) 1
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444 Index Amplifiers, audio (Cont.)
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446 Index Capacitance and capacitor
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448 Index Digital ICs, 326 Digital
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450 Index Filters (Cont.): Percussi
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452 Index Lab for electronics work,
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454 Index Photographic method for p
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456 Index Resist ink in printed cir
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458 Index Transformers (Cont.): Iso
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR G. Randy Slone is
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