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Conformal Geometric Algebra in Stochastic Optimization Problems ...

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252 APPENDIX A. SELECTED ASPECTS UNDERLYING THIS WORK<br />

A.4.2 Commutator Products<br />

Commutator Products Here some <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g commutator products are presented.<br />

From the elucidations <strong>in</strong> section 2.3.3 it follows that I commutes with all elements<br />

<strong>in</strong> CGA; equation (A.35) shows some of the numerous possibilities and holds as<br />

well for the anti-commutator<br />

(AI)× −B = (A× −B)I = I (A× −B) = (I A)× −B = A× −(B I) = ... (A.35)<br />

The subsequent equations hold for all s ≥ 2<br />

A 〈2〉 × −B 〈s〉 = a1 ∧ (a2 · B 〈s〉 ) − a2 ∧ (a1 · B 〈s〉 ) (A.36)<br />

A 〈2〉 × − B 〈s〉 = A 〈2〉 · B 〈s〉 + A 〈2〉 ∧ B 〈s〉 . (A.37)<br />

Especially if the grade of B 〈s〉 is two, it may be seen that<br />

A 〈2〉 × −B 〈2〉 = (a2 · b1)(a1 ∧ b2) − (a2 · b2)(a1 ∧ b1)<br />

+(a1 · b2)(a2 ∧ b1) − (a1 · b1)(a2 ∧ b2).<br />

A 〈3〉 × −B 〈3〉 = A 〈3〉 ∧ B 〈3〉 + a1 ∧ (a2 · (a3 · B 〈3〉 ))<br />

where A 〈3〉 ∧ B 〈3〉 = 0 <strong>in</strong> CGA.<br />

− a2 ∧ (a1 · (a3 · B 〈3〉 ))<br />

� �� �<br />

a2∧((a1∧a3)·B 〈3〉 )<br />

+ a3 ∧ (a1 · (a2 · B 〈3〉 )),<br />

A 〈3〉 × − B 〈3〉 = A 〈3〉 · B 〈3〉 + a1 ∧ a2 ∧ (a3 · B 〈3〉 )<br />

− a1 ∧ a3 ∧ (a2 · B 〈3〉 ) + a2 ∧ a3 ∧ (a1 · B 〈3〉 ).<br />

(A.38)<br />

(A.39)<br />

Other expressions can often be derived, e.g. with the help of equation (A.35) and<br />

equation (A.38)<br />

A 〈3〉 × −B 〈2〉 = (A 〈3〉 × −(B 〈2〉 I))I −1 = (A 〈3〉 × −B ′ 〈3〉)I −1<br />

where it was used that<br />

= A 〈3〉 · B 〈2〉 + a1 · (a2 ∧ a3 ∧ B 〈2〉 )<br />

−a2 · (a1 ∧ a3 ∧ B 〈2〉 ) + a3 · (a1 ∧ a2 ∧ B 〈2〉 ), (A.40)<br />

(a3 ∧ (a1 · (a2 · B ′ 〈3〉)))I −1 = (a3× −(a1× −(a2× − B ′ 〈3〉))) I −1<br />

= a3× −(a1× −(a2× − B ′ 〈3〉I −1 ))<br />

= a3× −(a1× −(a2× − B 〈2〉 ))<br />

= a3 · (a1 ∧ a2 ∧ B 〈2〉 ).

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