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Digital Solidarity<br />

platforms that support a wide range of complex<br />

interactions. The providers range from the corporate<br />

media of self-communication with mass user base, to<br />

hackers who run infrastructures for a much smaller<br />

groups of skilled users, which are largely beyond the<br />

control of third parties. The most spectacular examples<br />

are WikiLeaks and The Pirate Bay which are still<br />

operating despite years of persistent attempts to shut<br />

them down. Overall this patchwork infrastructure is<br />

extremely differentiated. While most people might use<br />

the commercial elements most of the time, they do not<br />

use these exclusively. It’s not unusual to have an account<br />

on Facebook and on The Pirate Bay. Developers and<br />

skilled users can string different elements together as<br />

equired. This infrastructure enables not only new forms<br />

of informational co-operation, but also of financing<br />

(crowdfunding) and material production (shared tools,<br />

open hardware manufacturing, 3D printing). While<br />

the maintenance of infrastructural elements, with the<br />

associated requirements of availability and stability, is<br />

often a complex task in itself, the technical knowledge<br />

to do so is also fairly distributed, and since much of it is<br />

open source software, usually accessible to anyone with<br />

sufficient interest. By now, almost all large scale cooperative<br />

movements have their own technical working<br />

groups that configure and extend the infrastructure of<br />

co-operation, resource sharing, financing and, to a lesser<br />

extent, are also already manufacturing or customising<br />

these to their own needs.<br />

27

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