The McKinney-Vento Act and Children and Youth ... - State of Michigan

Endnotes
1
Personal communication, Lupe Tovar, October
8, 2007. Tovar is program coordinator of In My
Shoes and an alumna from foster care, Pima
County, AZ.
2
The term out-of-home care includes children and
youth in the custody of the child welfare system
in out-of-home care, including foster family
homes, kinship care arrangements, and child
care institutions.
3
National AFCARS data. (2002). Available from
the Child Welfare League of America’s National
Data Analysis System (NDAS).
4
National Center on Family Homelessness.
(1999). Homeless Children: America’s New
Outcasts. Newton, MA: Author.
5
Burley, M., & Halpern, M. (2001). Educational
attainment of foster youth: Achievement and
graduation outcomes for children in state care.
Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for
Public Policy.
6
Quotation from a youth interviewed in
Rumberger, R. (2001). Student mobility.
The Informed Educator Series. Educational
Research Service: Alexandria, VA
7
Personal communication, Lupe Tovar, October
8, 2007.
8
Burt, M., Aron, L., & Douglas, T, et al (1999).
Homelessness: Programs and the people they serve.
Summary report. Findings of the National Survey
of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients.
Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
9
Burt, M., & Aron, L. (2000). America’s homeless
II: Populations and services. Washington, DC:
The Urban Institute.
10
Studies of homeless youth on their own
have found that 20% to 50% were sexually
abused in their homes, while 40 to 60%
were physically abused. Over half of youth in
shelters and on the streets have reported that
their parents either told them to leave or knew
they were leaving but did not care. Robertson,
M., & Toro, P. (1999). Homeless youth:
Research, intervention, and policy. Practical
Lessons: The 1998 National Symposium on
Homelessness Research. Washington DC: U.S.
Dept. of Housing and Urban Development.
Retrieved July 18, 2007 from http://aspe.
os.dhhs.gov/progsys/homeless/symposium/3-
Youth.htm. See also MacLean, M. G., Embry,
L. E., & Cauce, A. M. (1999). Homeless
adolescents’ paths to separation from family:
Comparison of family characteristics,
psychological adjustment, and victimization.
Journal of Community Psychology, 27(2),
179-187 and Greene, J. (1995). Youth
with runaway, throwaway, and homeless
experiences: Prevalence, drug use, and other
at-risk behaviors. Research Triangle Institute.
Washington DC: U.S. Dept. of Health and
Human Services.
11
Hammer, H., Finkelhor, D., & Sedlak, A.
(2002). Runaway/thrownaway children:
National estimates and characteristics. National
Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway,
and Thrownaway Children. Washington DC:
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention. See also Greene, J., supra, note 5.
12
National Center on Family Homelessness.
(1999). Homeless children: America’s new
outcasts. Newton, MA: Author.
Strategies for Improving Educational Outcomes through School Stability 67