Policy Paper - Drama Improves Lisbon Key Competences in Education

R e s u l t s
Assuming the phenomenological approach and using the method of identifying and
grouping the meaningful categories which came out from the answers of the 54
educators and their students, the following format for presenting the results was offered:
Educational
aims assumed
by teachers
To trigger
engaged attitude
to change and
innovation
To connect
knowledge
of economic
laws with a
disposition to
show initiative
for own business
set-up
To experience
the complexity
and the thrill of
decision-making
“as if” it had real
consequences
Educational
outcomes as
perceived both
by teachers and
students
Willingness
to face the
challenge of
comparing
business ideas
with clever peers,
to work under
pressure and get
feedback from
experts
How to diagnose
the needs of
others and
look at them as
opportunities
for exercising
personal agency.
How to generate
a vision for own
business
Drastic change
in perceiving
entrepreneurs –
learning about
lateral thinking,
using “a secret”
knowledge, risktaking
Previous elements of
competence of value
to students
Playfulness, sense of
humour, willingness to
improvise, create ideas
from scratch. Artistic
skills: designing,
acting, understanding
analogies, metaphors,
seeing diversity,
creative thinking
High IQ, being wellread,
being good at
maths and computers.
Skills of connecting
facts from various
areas. Teamwork skills
(delegating tasks)
Stereotypes of
entrepreneurs as
cheeky, corrupted,
ignorant and lazy
Motivation to take part
in the programme
To represent the
school and community
as change-makers,
to feel impact of the
change within the
school system, to
be recognised by
other peers and local
community
To try alternative forms
of learning, different
relationship with a
teacher, discover more
strengths, be part of a
strong team, learn from
the best
To get into “the skin”
of the successful, to
experience their power
and adrenaline level, to
prove oneself
Table 20. Summary of the results of the qualitative research on competence “Entrepreneurship”
Source of most
satisfaction
Humour
Playing a
self-created
character,
experiencing
the agency of
an expert. Being
part of a team
presentation.
Experiencing
the emotions
of business
people in risky
situations,
feeling the
independence of
making choices
It is important to stress that the open-ended questions deliberately avoided the concept of
“mantle of the expert” or even more of drama. The idea was to see what was meaningful
for both educators and students without suggesting any “correct answers” or particular
interests of the researcher other than developing the competence of entrepreneurship.
Nevertheless, within the free and wide-ranging answers it was possible to discern
some patterns around the elements of the competence. In terms of teaching objectives
the educators focused on the aspect of the programme which connected the content
knowledge they knew from school curricula with more enthusiastic and positive attitudes
about entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs. They saw the programme and the use of
alternative methods of learning as a unique chance to change the negative perception
of the business sector in Poland which prevents teenagers from showing interest in
entrepreneurship education. The educators became open enough to give up the old
methods of lecturing on the subject and worked hard on promoting students’ engagement
in the process of exploration and discovery of more personal meanings. Most successful
coaches reported becoming expert in using the spontaneity of teenagers and their
fascination with novelty and surprise. They learnt along with the students that taking
on the perspective of an expert in the context of the tournament were not just an act of
imagination and playfulness but a serious challenge. Some educators were surprised at
how quickly the young people gave up their role of an ignorant student who is helpless
without an adult instructor saying exactly what, how and when they should learn.
“
I was sceptical – the tasks were too complicated and [there was] too little time.
The role thing seemed too childish for the content. But my students signalled
to me that they already have some experience, perhaps even stronger than
mine, in solving “real life” problems. I think they figured out immediately that
entrepreneurship is about action and simply trying out things, it needs wide open
eyes, commitment and full engagement in what you are working on. It is exactly
for them as they have just a little knowledge but are impatient to be famous for
inventing something and selling it to the world. It was just enough for me to see
them hooked on the problems and aware of other teens playing expert games –
the rest was a matter of timing their work. 61
Both students and educators valued the new attitude of openness to challenge and
feedback from real experts as the key element of the competence they were learning.
They appreciated competition from peers that could match or even outgrow their own
knowledge and skills. They found it useful for their development as they identified
their imagination, creativity and willingness to improvise a solution based on new
arrangements of facts; and they found it more meaningful than school-tested knowledge.
They saw the benefit of creating, rather than just presenting. They reported that the
best ideas sometimes came from playfulness, inspiring each other with jokes, absurd
characters, and silly analogies, distancing or ridiculing the subject, and sudden changes
of perspective.
“
I did not think it was useful to laugh so much during all these games the
organisers recommended. It just did not seem to make sense time-wise. When
they were stuck with ideas for a business I let them improvise with some simple
classroom objects. They used to do this in their theatre workshops last year. It
was just a second and they produced too many ideas to remember them all… My
job was to ask some questions about what people would be willing to buy and
how it should be tested… 62
61 Teacher in report no. 6.
62 Teacher in report 49 – her team came second and won the special audience prize.
R e s u l t s
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