Lakes and Watercourses

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TABLE 37. Reference values for number of species and indicator ratios for submerged and floating-leaved plants in lakes of various sizes and location Northern Sweden* Southern Sweden Lake area km 2 No. of species Indicator ratio No. of species Indicator ratio < 60 m above sea level < 0.1 3 – 5 5.5 4 – 12 7.4 0.1 – 1 9 – 14 6.5 11 – 16 8.1 1 – 10 10 – 18 6.3 15 – 23 8.0 ≥ 10 17 – 21 6.5 17 – 25 8.0 60 – 199 m above sea level < 0.1 ** ** 5 – 11 6.9 0.1 – 1 5 – 13 6.3 10 – 17 7.0 1 – 10 10 – 16 5.8 17 – 25 6.5 ≥ 10 13 – 20 6.3 > 17 6.6 > 200 m above sea level < 0.1 ** ** ** ** 0,1 – 1 4 – 11 6.3 8 – 16 7.2 1 – 10 8 – 15 6.2 15 – 25 6.2 ≥ 10 13 – 17 5.9 ** ** * North of the Dalälven River ** Reference values are not provided due to lack of data. Comments A survey to determine the number of species and indicator ratio in an entire lake requires the use of methods providing information on the vegetation of the whole lake. Studies should be made in high summer or late summer. The forthcoming description of methods in the Swedish EPA Environmental Monitoring Handbook should be used. For the time being, instructions issued in the form of ”Standards for Biological Surveys” (in Swedish only, Swedish EPA 1987) can be used. Available data on the occurrence of aquatic plants in watercourses is inadequate as a basis for assessment. Systematic surveys are needed before work can progress. Studies of contemporary vegetation that cover large or representative areas of the country are also lacking. Here, too, therefore, the data has great limitations, although it can be supplemented using regional surveys to determine reference values. These surveys can also provide data for a future revision of the Environmental Quality Criteria. 61
References Andersson, B. (1998): Vattenväxter i sjöar (”Aquatic plants in lakes”). – From: T. Wiederholm (Ed.). Bedömningsgrunder för miljökvalitet - Sjöar och vattendrag. Bakgrundsrapport 2 – Biologiska parametrar (”Environmental Quality Criteria – Lakes and Watercourses. Background report 1 – Biological parameters”). Swedish EPA Report 4921. Andersson, B. & Willén, E. (1999): Lakes. In Rydin, H., P. Snoeijs & M. Diekmann (Eds): Swedish plant geography. Acta Phytogeographica Svecica 84, 149 – 168. Jensén, S. (1995): Makrofyter i skånska sjöar och vattendrag (”Macrophytes in lakes and watercourses in Skåne, southern Sweden”). – Kristianstad County Administrative Board, 1 December 1995, Kristianstad. Lohammar, G. (1938): Wasserchemie und höhere Vegetation schwedischer Seen (”Water chemistry and macrophytes in Swedish lakes”). – Symb. Bot. Ups. III:1. Uppsala. Lundh, A. (1951): Studies on the vegetation and hydrochemistry of Scanian lakes. III. Distribution of macrophytes and some algal groups. Bot. Notiser Suppl. 3(1):138 s. Palmer, M.A., Bell, S.L. & Butterfield, I. (1992): A botanical classification of standing waters in Britain: applications for conservation and monitoring. – Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 2:125 – 143. Swedish EPA (1987): BIN Biologiska inventeringsnormer (”Standards for Biological Surveys”). – Swedish EPA Report 3278. 62
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Environmental Quality Criteria - La
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TO ORDER Swedish Environmental Prot
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Reference Group Mats Bengtsson, Swe
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Summary This report on lakes and wa
Page 11 and 12: included. In addition to a large nu
Page 13 and 14: ased estimates are used. Given that
Page 15 and 16: TABLE 1. SUMMARY of parameters incl
Page 17 and 18: 16 The current conditions scale in
Page 19 and 20: (in Swedish with English summary).
Page 21 and 22: conditions for watercourse flora an
Page 23 and 24: show the availability of nitrogen i
Page 25 and 26: Mean concentration of total phospho
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 9. DEVIATION from reference v
Page 29 and 30: Comments Classifications must be ba
Page 31 and 32: winter/spring, i.e. ice-covered per
Page 33 and 34: Light conditions Introduction Light
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 13. CURRENT CONDITIONS: turbi
Page 37 and 38: Acidity / acidification Introductio
Page 39 and 40: industrial pH). The change in acidi
Page 41 and 42: The pre-industrial concentration of
Page 43 and 44: very high degree of reliability and
Page 45 and 46: TABLE 19. CURRENT CONDITIONS: metal
Page 47 and 48: TABLE 22. DEVIATION from reference
Page 49 and 50: TABLE 24. (continued) Cu Zn Cd Pb C
Page 51 and 52: Swedish EPA (1993): Metals and the
Page 53 and 54: Assessment of current conditions TA
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 29. CURRENT CONDITIONS: poten
Page 59 and 60: References Cronberg, G., Lindmark,
Page 61: (see Appendix 1). If submerged and
Page 65 and 66: The genera in question and their tr
Page 67 and 68: Benthic fauna Introduction Benthic
Page 69 and 70: TABLE 41. CURRENT CONDITIONS: botto
Page 71 and 72: Comments The assessment must be bas
Page 73 and 74: has yielded better results than did
Page 75 and 76: TABLE 45. CURRENT CONDITIONS: fish,
Page 81 and 82: TABLE 48. (Contd.) Proportion of al
Page 84 and 85: Presentation of data When using the
Page 86 and 87: APPENDIX 1 Ceratophyllum demersum 1
Page 88 and 89: APPENDIX 2 Calculation of index and
Page 90 and 91: APPENDIX 2 Table 1b. Indicator gene
Page 92 and 93: Genus Indicator value -------------
Page 94 and 95: APPENDIX 2 45 Planorbis sp. 46 Anis
Page 96 and 97: APPENDIX 2 214 Leuctra hippopus 215
Page 98 and 99: APPENDIX 2 384 Tinodes waeneri 385
Page 100 and 101: APPENDIX 2 (6) O/C index (Wiederhol
Page 102 and 103: APPENDIX 3 Dace Stäm Leuciscus leu
Page 106: REPORT 5050 Environmental Quality C
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